[sliver-openvswitch.git] / vswitchd / vswitch.xml

<database title="Open vSwitch Configuration Database">
  <p>A database with this schema holds the configuration for one Open
    vSwitch daemon.  The root of the configuration for the daemon is
    the <ref table="Open_vSwitch"/> table, which must have exactly one
    record.  Records in other tables are significant only when they
    can be reached directly or indirectly from the
    <ref table="Open_vSwitch"/> table.</p>

  <table name="Open_vSwitch" title="Open vSwitch configuration.">
    Configuration for an Open vSwitch daemon.  There must be exactly one record
    in the <ref table="Open_vSwitch"/> table.

    <group title="Configuration">
      <column name="bridges">
        Set of bridges managed by the daemon.
      </column>

      <column name="controller">
        Default OpenFlow <ref table="Controller"/> set used by bridges.  May be
        overridden on a per-bridge basis by the <ref table="Bridge"
        column="controller"/> column in <ref table="Bridge"/>.
      </column>

      <column name="managers">
        Remote database clients to which the Open vSwitch's database server
        should connect or to which it should listen.
      </column>

      <column name="ssl">
        SSL used globally by the daemon.
      </column>

      <column name="external_ids">
        Key-value pairs that identify this Open vSwitch's role in
        external systems.  The currently defined key-value pairs are:
        <dl>
          <dt><code>system-uuid</code></dt>
          <dd>A universally unique identifier for the Open vSwitch's
            physical host.  The form of the identifier depends on the
            type of the host.  On a Citrix XenServer, this is the host
            UUID displayed by, e.g., <code>xe host-list</code>.</dd>
        </dl>
      </column>
    </group>

    <group title="Status">
      <column name="next_cfg">
        Sequence number for client to increment.  When a client modifies
        any part of the database configuration and wishes to wait for
        Open vSwitch to finish applying the changes, it may increment
        this sequence number.
      </column>

      <column name="cur_cfg">
        Sequence number that Open vSwitch sets to the current value of
        <ref column="next_cfg"/> after it finishes applying a set of
        configuration changes.
      </column>
    </group>
  </table>

  <table name="Bridge">
    <p>
      Configuration for a bridge within an
      <ref table="Open_vSwitch"/>.
    </p>
    <p>
      A <ref table="Bridge"/> record represents an Ethernet switch with one or
      more ``ports,'' which are the <ref table="Port"/> records pointed to by
      the <ref table="Bridge"/>'s <ref column="ports"/> column.
    </p>

    <group title="Core Features">
      <column name="name">
        Bridge identifier.  Should be alphanumeric and no more than about 8
        bytes long.  Must be unique among the names of ports, interfaces, and
        bridges on a host.
      </column>

      <column name="ports">
        Ports included in the bridge.
      </column>

      <column name="mirrors">
        Port mirroring configuration.
      </column>

      <column name="netflow">
        NetFlow configuration.
      </column>

      <column name="sflow">
        sFlow configuration.
      </column>

      <column name="flood_vlans">
        VLAN IDs of VLANs on which MAC address learning should be disabled, so
        that packets are flooded instead of being sent to specific ports that
        are believed to contain packets' destination MACs.  This should
        ordinarily be used to disable MAC learning on VLANs used for mirroring
        (RSPAN VLANs).  It may also be useful for debugging.
      </column>
    </group>

    <group title="OpenFlow Configuration">
      <column name="controller">
        OpenFlow controller set.  If unset, defaults to the set of
        controllers specified by <ref column="controller"
        table="Open_vSwitch"/> in the <ref table="Open_vSwitch"/>
        table.  If the default is also unset, then no OpenFlow
        controllers will be used.
      </column>

      <column name="datapath_id">
        Reports the OpenFlow datapath ID in use.  Exactly 16 hex
        digits.  (Setting this column will have no useful effect.  Set
        <ref column="other_config"/>:<code>other-config</code>
        instead.)
      </column>
    </group>

    <group title="Other Features">
      <column name="datapath_type">
        Name of datapath provider.  The kernel datapath has
        type <code>system</code>.  The userspace datapath has
        type <code>netdev</code>.
      </column>

      <column name="external_ids">
        Key-value pairs that identify this bridge's role in external systems.
        The currently defined key-value pairs are:
        <dl>
          <dt><code>network-uuids</code></dt>
          <dd>Semicolon-delimited set of universally unique identifier(s) for
            the network with which this bridge is associated.  The form of the
            identifier(s) depends on the type of the host.  On a Citrix
            XenServer host, the network identifiers are RFC 4122 UUIDs as
            displayed by, e.g., <code>xe network-list</code>.</dd>
        </dl>
      </column>

      <column name="other_config">
        Key-value pairs for configuring rarely used bridge
        features.  The currently defined key-value pairs are:
        <dl>
          <dt><code>datapath-id</code></dt>
          <dd>Exactly 16 hex
            digits to set the OpenFlow datapath ID to a specific
            value.</dd>
          <dt><code>hwaddr</code></dt>
          <dd>An Ethernet address in the form
            <var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var>
            to set the hardware address of the local port and influence the
            datapath ID.</dd>
        </dl>
      </column>
    </group>
  </table>

  <table name="Port" table="Port or bond configuration.">
    <p>A port within a <ref table="Bridge"/>.</p>
    <p>Most commonly, a port has exactly one ``interface,'' pointed to by its
      <ref column="interfaces"/> column.  Such a port logically
      corresponds to a port on a physical Ethernet switch.  A port
      with more than one interface is a ``bonded port'' (see
      <ref group="Bonding Configuration"/>).</p>
    <p>Some properties that one might think as belonging to a port are actually
      part of the port's <ref table="Interface"/> members.</p>

    <column name="name">
      Port name.  Should be alphanumeric and no more than about 8
      bytes long.  May be the same as the interface name, for
      non-bonded ports.  Must otherwise be unique among the names of
      ports, interfaces, and bridges on a host.
    </column>

    <column name="interfaces">
      The port's interfaces.  If there is more than one, this is a
      bonded Port.
    </column>

    <group title="VLAN Configuration">
      <p>A bridge port must be configured for VLANs in one of two
        mutually exclusive ways:
        <ul>
          <li>A ``trunk port'' has an empty value for
            <ref column="tag"/> and a possibly non-empty
            <ref column="trunks"/> value.</li>
          <li>An ``implicitly tagged VLAN port'' or ``access port''
            has an nonempty value for <ref column="tag"/> and an empty
            <ref column="trunks"/> value.</li>
        </ul>
        If <ref column="trunks"/> and <ref column="tag"/> are both
        nonempty, the configuration is ill-formed.
      </p>

      <column name="tag">
        <p>If nonempty, this port's implicitly tagged VLAN.  Frames
          arriving on trunk ports will be forwarded to this port only
          if they are tagged with the given VLAN.  Frames arriving on
          other VLAN ports will be forwarded to this port only if they
          have the same <ref column="tag"/> value.  Frames forwarded
          to this port will not have an 802.1Q header.</p>
        <p>When a frame with a 802.1Q header that indicates a nonzero VLAN is
          received on an implicit VLAN port, it is discarded.</p>
        <p>Must be empty if this is a trunk port.</p>
      </column>

      <column name="trunks">
        <p>The 802.1Q VLAN(s) that this port trunks.  If the column is
          empty, then the port trunks all VLANs as well as packets that
          have no VLAN header.  Otherwise, only frames that have an
          802.1Q header with one of the specified VLANs are accepted.
          If <code>0</code> is included, then frames without an 802.1Q
          header are also accepted.</p>
        <p>Must be empty unless this is a trunk port.</p>
      </column>
    </group>

    <group title="Bonding Configuration">
      <p>A port that has more than one interface is a ``bonded port.''
        Bonding allows for load balancing and fail-over.  Open vSwitch
        supports ``source load balancing'' (SLB) bonding, which
        assigns flows to slaves based on source MAC address, with
        periodic rebalancing as traffic patterns change.  This form of
        bonding does not require 802.3ad or other special support from
        the upstream switch to which the slave devices are
        connected.</p>

      <p>These columns apply only to bonded ports.  Their values are
        otherwise ignored.</p>

      <column name="bond_updelay">
        <p>For a bonded port, the number of milliseconds for which carrier must
          stay up on an interface before the interface is considered to be up.
          Specify <code>0</code> to enable the interface immediately.</p>
        <p>This setting is honored only when at least one bonded interface is
          already enabled.  When no interfaces are enabled, then the first bond
          interface to come up is enabled immediately.</p>
      </column>

      <column name="bond_downdelay">
        For a bonded port, the number of milliseconds for which carrier must
        stay down on an interface before the interface is considered to be
        down.  Specify <code>0</code> to disable the interface immediately.
      </column>

      <column name="bond_fake_iface">
        For a bonded port, whether to create a fake internal interface with the
        name of the port.  Use only for compatibility with legacy software that
        requires this.
      </column>
    </group>

    <group title="Other Features">
      <column name="mac">
        The MAC address to use for this port for the purpose of choosing the
        bridge's MAC address.  This column does not necessarily reflect the
        port's actual MAC address, nor will setting it change the port's actual
        MAC address.
      </column>

      <column name="fake_bridge">
        Does this port represent a sub-bridge for its tagged VLAN within the
        Bridge?  See ovs-vsctl(8) for more information.
      </column>

      <column name="external_ids">
        Key-value pairs that identify this port's role in external systems.  No
        key-value pairs native to <ref table="Port"/> are currently defined.
        For fake bridges (see the <ref column="fake_bridge"/> column), external
        IDs for the fake bridge are defined here by prefixing a
        <ref table="Bridge"/> <ref table="Bridge" column="external_ids"/> key
        with <code>fake-bridge-</code>,
        e.g. <code>fake-bridge-network-uuids</code>.
      </column>

      <column name="other_config">
        Key-value pairs for configuring rarely used port features.  The
        currently defined key-value pairs are:
        <dl>
          <dt><code>hwaddr</code></dt>
          <dd>An Ethernet address in the form
            <code><var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var></code>.</dd>
          <dt><code>bond-rebalance-interval</code></dt>
          <dd>For a bonded port, the number of milliseconds between
            successive attempts to rebalance the bond, that is, to
            move source MACs and their flows from one interface on
            the bond to another in an attempt to keep usage of each
            interface roughly equal.  The default is 10000 (10
            seconds), and the minimum is 1000 (1 second).</dd>
        </dl>
      </column>
    </group>
  </table>

  <table name="Interface" title="One physical network device in a Port.">
    An interface within a <ref table="Port"/>.

    <group title="Core Features">
      <column name="name">
        Interface name.  Should be alphanumeric and no more than about 8 bytes
        long.  May be the same as the port name, for non-bonded ports.  Must
        otherwise be unique among the names of ports, interfaces, and bridges
        on a host.
      </column>

      <column name="mac">
        <p>Ethernet address to set for this interface.  If unset then the
          default MAC address is used:</p>
        <ul>
          <li>For the local interface, the default is the lowest-numbered MAC
            address among the other bridge ports, either the value of the
            <ref table="Port" column="mac"/> in its <ref table="Port"/> record,
            if set, or its actual MAC (for bonded ports, the MAC of its slave
            whose name is first in alphabetical order).  Internal ports and
            bridge ports that are used as port mirroring destinations (see the
            <ref table="Mirror"/> table) are ignored.</li>
          <li>For other internal interfaces, the default MAC is randomly
            generated.</li>
          <li>External interfaces typically have a MAC address associated with
            their hardware.</li>
        </ul>
        <p>Some interfaces may not have a software-controllable MAC
        address.</p>
      </column>

      <column name="ofport">
        <p>OpenFlow port number for this interface.  Unlike most columns, this
          column's value should be set only by Open vSwitch itself.  Other
          clients should set this column to an empty set (the default) when
          creating an <ref table="Interface"/>.</p>
        <p>Open vSwitch populates this column when the port number becomes
          known.  If the interface is successfully added,
          <ref column="ofport"/> will be set to a number between 1 and 65535
          (generally either in the range 1 to 65280, exclusive, or 65534, the
          port number for the OpenFlow ``local port'').  If the interface
          cannot be added then Open vSwitch sets this column
          to -1.</p>
      </column>
    </group>

    <group title="System-Specific Details">
      <column name="type">
        The interface type, one of:
        <dl>
          <dt><code>system</code></dt>
          <dd>An ordinary network device, e.g. <code>eth0</code> on Linux.
            Sometimes referred to as ``external interfaces'' since they are
            generally connected to hardware external to that on which the Open
            vSwitch is running.  The empty string is a synonym for
            <code>system</code>.</dd>
          <dt><code>internal</code></dt>
          <dd>A simulated network device that sends and receives traffic.  An
            internal interface whose <ref column="name"/> is the same as its
            bridge's <ref table="Open_vSwitch" column="name"/> is called the
            ``local interface.''  It does not make sense to bond an internal
            interface, so the terms ``port'' and ``interface'' are often used
            imprecisely for internal interfaces.</dd>
          <dt><code>tap</code></dt>
          <dd>A TUN/TAP device managed by Open vSwitch.</dd>
          <dt><code>gre</code></dt>
          <dd>An Ethernet over RFC 1702 Generic Routing Encapsulation over IPv4
             tunnel.  Each tunnel must be uniquely identified by the
             combination of <code>remote_ip</code>, <code>local_ip</code>, and
             <code>in_key</code>.  Note that if two ports are defined that are
             the same except one has an optional identifier and the other does
             not, the more specific one is matched first.  <code>in_key</code>
             is considered more specific than <code>local_ip</code> if a port
             defines one and another port defines the other.  The arguments
             are:
            <dl>
              <dt><code>remote_ip</code></dt>
              <dd>Required.  The tunnel endpoint.</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
              <dt><code>local_ip</code></dt>
              <dd>Optional.  The destination IP that received packets must
                match.  Default is to match all addresses.</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
              <dt><code>in_key</code></dt>
              <dd>Optional.  The GRE key that received packets must contain.
                It may either be a 32-bit number (no key and a key of 0 are
                treated as equivalent) or the word <code>flow</code>.  If
                <code>flow</code> is specified then any key will be accepted
                and the key will be placed in the <code>tun_id</code> field
                for matching in the flow table.  The ovs-ofctl manual page
                contains additional information about matching fields in
                OpenFlow flows.  Default is no key.</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
              <dt><code>out_key</code></dt>
              <dd>Optional.  The GRE key to be set on outgoing packets.  It may
                either be a 32-bit number or the word <code>flow</code>.  If
                <code>flow</code> is specified then the key may be set using
                the <code>set_tunnel</code> Nicira OpenFlow vendor extension (0
                is used in the absense of an action).  The ovs-ofctl manual
                page contains additional information about the Nicira OpenFlow
                vendor extensions.  Default is no key.</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
              <dt><code>key</code></dt>
              <dd>Optional.  Shorthand to set <code>in_key</code> and
                <code>out_key</code> at the same time.</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
              <dt><code>tos</code></dt>
              <dd>Optional.  The value of the ToS bits to be set on the
                encapsulating packet.  It may also be the word
                <code>inherit</code>, in which case the ToS will be copied from
                the inner packet if it is IPv4 or IPv6 (otherwise it will be
                0).  Note that the ECN fields are always inherited.  Default is
                0.</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
              <dt><code>ttl</code></dt>
              <dd>Optional.  The TTL to be set on the encapsulating packet.
                It may also be the word <code>inherit</code>, in which case the
                TTL will be copied from the inner packet if it is IPv4 or IPv6
                (otherwise it will be the system default, typically 64).
                Default is the system default TTL.</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
              <dt><code>csum</code></dt>
              <dd>Optional.  Compute GRE checksums for outgoing packets and
                require checksums for incoming packets.  Default is enabled,
                set to <code>false</code> to disable.</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
              <dt><code>pmtud</code></dt>
              <dd>Optional.  Enable tunnel path MTU discovery.  If enabled
                ``ICMP destination unreachable - fragmentation'' needed
                messages will be generated for IPv4 packets with the DF bit set
                and IPv6 packets above the minimum MTU if the packet size
                exceeds the path MTU minus the size of the tunnel headers.  It
                also forces the encapsulating packet DF bit to be set (it is
                always set if the inner packet implies path MTU discovery).
                Note that this option causes behavior that is typically
                reserved for routers and therefore is not entirely in
                compliance with the IEEE 802.1D specification for bridges.
                Default is enabled, set to <code>false</code> to disable.</dd>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt><code>patch</code></dt>
          <dd>A pair of virtual devices that act as a patch cable.  A 
            <code>peer</code> argument is required that indicates the name
            of the other side of the patch.  Since a patch must work in
            pairs, a second patch interface must be declared with the
            <code>name</code> and <code>peer</code> arguments reversed.</dd>
        </dl>
      </column>

      <column name="options">
        Configuration options whose interpretation varies based on
        <ref column="type"/>.
      </column>
    </group>

    <group title="Ingress Policing">
      <column name="ingress_policing_burst">
        <p>Maximum burst size for data received on this interface, in kb.  The
          default burst size if set to <code>0</code> is 1000 kb.  This value
          has no effect if <ref column="ingress_policing_rate"/>
          is <code>0</code>.</p>
        <p>The burst size should be at least the size of the interface's
          MTU.</p>
      </column>

      <column name="ingress_policing_rate">
        <p>Maximum rate for data received on this interface, in kbps.  Data
          received faster than this rate is dropped.  Set to <code>0</code> to
          disable policing.</p>
        <p>The meaning of ``ingress'' is from Open vSwitch's perspective.  If
          configured on a physical interface, then it limits the rate at which
          traffic is allowed into the system from the outside.  If configured
          on a virtual interface that is connected to a virtual machine, then
          it limits the rate at which the guest is able to transmit.</p>
      </column>
    </group>

    <group title="Other Features">
      <column name="external_ids">
        <p>Key-value pairs that identify this interface's role in external
          systems.  All of the currently defined key-value pairs specifically
          apply to an interface that represents a virtual Ethernet interface
          connected to a virtual machine.  These key-value pairs should not be
          present for other types of interfaces.  Keys whose names end
          in <code>-uuid</code> have values that uniquely identify the entity
          in question.  For a Citrix XenServer hypervisor, these values are
          UUIDs in RFC 4122 format.  Other hypervisors may use other
          formats.</p>
        <p>The currently defined key-value pairs are:</p>
        <dl>
          <dt><code>vif-uuid</code></dt>
          <dd>The virtual interface associated with this interface.</dd>
          <dt><code>network-uuid</code></dt>
          <dd>The virtual network to which this interface is attached.</dd>
          <dt><code>vm-uuid</code></dt>
          <dd>The VM to which this interface belongs.</dd>
          <dt><code>vif-mac</code></dt>
          <dd>The MAC address programmed into the "virtual hardware" for this
              interface, in the
              form <var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var>:<var>xx</var>.
              For Citrix XenServer, this is the value of the <code>MAC</code>
              field in the VIF record for this interface.</dd>
        </dl>
      </column>
    </group>
  </table>

  <table name="Mirror" title="Port mirroring (SPAN/RSPAN).">
    <p>A port mirror within a <ref table="Bridge"/>.</p>
    <p>A port mirror configures a bridge to send selected frames to special
      ``mirrored'' ports, in addition to their normal destinations.  Mirroring
      traffic may also be referred to as SPAN or RSPAN, depending on the
      mechanism used for delivery.</p>

    <column name="name">
      Arbitrary identifier for the <ref table="Mirror"/>.
    </column>

    <group title="Selecting Packets for Mirroring">
      <column name="select_all">
        If true, every packet arriving or departing on any port is
        selected for mirroring.
      </column>

      <column name="select_dst_port">
        Ports on which departing packets are selected for mirroring.
      </column>

      <column name="select_src_port">
        Ports on which arriving packets are selected for mirroring.
      </column>

      <column name="select_vlan">
        VLANs on which packets are selected for mirroring.  An empty set
        selects packets on all VLANs.
      </column>
    </group>

    <group title="Mirroring Destination Configuration">
      <column name="output_port">
        <p>Output port for selected packets, if nonempty.  Mutually exclusive
          with <ref column="output_vlan"/>.</p>
        <p>Specifying a port for mirror output reserves that port exclusively
          for mirroring.  No frames other than those selected for mirroring
          will be forwarded to the port, and any frames received on the port
          will be discarded.</p>
        <p>This type of mirroring is sometimes called SPAN.</p>
      </column>

      <column name="output_vlan">
        <p>Output VLAN for selected packets, if nonempty.  Mutually exclusive
          with <ref column="output_port"/>.</p>
        <p>The frames will be sent out all ports that trunk
          <ref column="output_vlan"/>, as well as any ports with implicit VLAN
          <ref column="output_vlan"/>.  When a mirrored frame is sent out a
          trunk port, the frame's VLAN tag will be set to
          <ref column="output_vlan"/>, replacing any existing tag; when it is
          sent out an implicit VLAN port, the frame will not be tagged.  This
          type of mirroring is sometimes called RSPAN.</p>
        <p><em>Please note:</em> Mirroring to a VLAN can disrupt a network that
          contains unmanaged switches.  Consider an unmanaged physical switch
          with two ports: port 1, connected to an end host, and port 2,
          connected to an Open vSwitch configured to mirror received packets
          into VLAN 123 on port 2.  Suppose that the end host sends a packet on
          port 1 that the physical switch forwards to port 2.  The Open vSwitch
          forwards this packet to its destination and then reflects it back on
          port 2 in VLAN 123.  This reflected packet causes the unmanaged
          physical switch to replace the MAC learning table entry, which
          correctly pointed to port 1, with one that incorrectly points to port
          2.  Afterward, the physical switch will direct packets destined for
          the end host to the Open vSwitch on port 2, instead of to the end
          host on port 1, disrupting connectivity.  If mirroring to a VLAN is
          desired in this scenario, then the physical switch must be replaced
          by one that learns Ethernet addresses on a per-VLAN basis.  In
          addition, learning should be disabled on the VLAN containing mirrored
          traffic. If this is not done then intermediate switches will learn
          the MAC address of each end host from the mirrored traffic.  If
          packets being sent to that end host are also mirrored, then they will
          be dropped since the switch will attempt to send them out the input
          port. Disabling learning for the VLAN will cause the switch to
          correctly send the packet out all ports configured for that VLAN.  If
          Open vSwitch is being used as an intermediate switch, learning can be
          disabled by adding the mirrored VLAN to <ref column="flood_vlans"/>
          in the appropriate <ref table="Bridge"/> table or tables.</p>
      </column>
    </group>
  </table>

  <table name="Controller" title="OpenFlow controller configuration.">
    <p>An OpenFlow controller.</p>

    <p>Open vSwitch permits a bridge to have any number of OpenFlow
       controllers.  When multiple controllers are configured, Open vSwitch
       connects to all of them simultaneously.  OpenFlow 1.0 does not specify
       how multiple controllers coordinate in interacting with a single switch,
       so more than one controller should be specified only if the controllers
       are themselves designed to coordinate with each other.</p>

    <group title="Core Features">
      <column name="target">
        <p>Connection method for controller.
          The following connection methods are currently
          supported:</p>
        <dl>
          <dt><code>ssl:<var>ip</var></code>[<code>:<var>port</var></code>]</dt>
          <dd>
            <p>The specified SSL <var>port</var> (default: 6633) on the host at
              the given <var>ip</var>, which must be expressed as an IP address
              (not a DNS name).  The <ref table="Open_vSwitch" column="ssl"/>
              column in the <ref table="Open_vSwitch"/> must point to a valid
              SSL configuration when this form is used.</p>
            <p>SSL support is an optional feature that is not always built as
              part of Open vSwitch.</p>
          </dd>
          <dt><code>tcp:<var>ip</var></code>[<code>:<var>port</var></code>]</dt>
          <dd>The specified TCP <var>port</var> (default: 6633) on the host at
            the given <var>ip</var>, which must be expressed as an IP address
            (not a DNS name).</dd>
          <dt><code>discover</code></dt>
          <dd>
            <p>Enables controller discovery.</p>
            <p>In controller discovery mode, Open vSwitch broadcasts a DHCP
              request with vendor class identifier <code>OpenFlow</code> across
              all of the bridge's network devices.  It will accept any valid
              DHCP reply that has the same vendor class identifier and includes
              a vendor-specific option with code 1 whose contents are a string
              specifying the location of the controller in the same format as
              <ref column="target"/>.</p>
            <p>The DHCP reply may also, optionally, include a vendor-specific
              option with code 2 whose contents are a string specifying the URI
              to the base of the OpenFlow PKI
              (e.g. <code>http://192.168.0.1/openflow/pki</code>).  This URI is
              used only for bootstrapping the OpenFlow PKI at initial switch
              setup; <code>ovs-vswitchd</code> does not use it at all.</p>
          </dd>
          <dt><code>none</code></dt>
          <dd>Disables the controller.</dd>
        </dl>
        <p>When multiple controllers are configured for a single bridge, the
          <ref column="target"/> values must be unique.  Duplicate
          <ref column="target"/> values yield unspecified results.</p>
      </column>

      <column name="connection_mode">
        <p>If it is specified, this setting must be one of the following
        strings that describes how Open vSwitch contacts this OpenFlow
        controller over the network:</p>

        <dl>
          <dt><code>in-band</code></dt>
          <dd>In this mode, this controller's OpenFlow traffic travels over the
            bridge associated with the controller.  With this setting, Open
            vSwitch allows traffic to and from the controller regardless of the
            contents of the OpenFlow flow table.  (Otherwise, Open vSwitch
            would never be able to connect to the controller, because it did
            not have a flow to enable it.)  This is the most common connection
            mode because it is not necessary to maintain two independent
            networks.</dd>
          <dt><code>out-of-band</code></dt>
          <dd>In this mode, OpenFlow traffic uses a control network separate
            from the bridge associated with this controller, that is, the
            bridge does not use any of its own network devices to communicate
            with the controller.  The control network must be configured
            separately, before or after <code>ovs-vswitchd</code> is started.
          </dd>
        </dl>

        <p>If not specified, the default is implementation-specific.  If
          <ref column="target"/> is <code>discover</code>, the connection mode
          is always treated as <code>in-band</code> regardless of the actual
          setting.</p>
      </column>
    </group>

    <group title="Controller Failure Detection and Handling">
      <column name="max_backoff">
        Maximum number of milliseconds to wait between connection attempts.
        Default is implementation-specific.
      </column>

      <column name="inactivity_probe">
        Maximum number of milliseconds of idle time on connection to
        controller before sending an inactivity probe message.  If Open
        vSwitch does not communicate with the controller for the specified
        number of seconds, it will send a probe.  If a response is not
        received for the same additional amount of time, Open vSwitch
        assumes the connection has been broken and attempts to reconnect.
        Default is implementation-specific.
      </column>

      <column name="fail_mode">
        <p>When a controller is configured, it is, ordinarily, responsible
          for setting up all flows on the switch.  Thus, if the connection to
          the controller fails, no new network connections can be set up.
          If the connection to the controller stays down long enough,
          no packets can pass through the switch at all.  This setting
          determines the switch's response to such a situation.  It may be set
          to one of the following:
          <dl>
            <dt><code>standalone</code></dt>
            <dd>If no message is received from the controller for three
              times the inactivity probe interval
              (see <ref column="inactivity_probe"/>), then Open vSwitch
              will take over responsibility for setting up flows.  In
              this mode, Open vSwitch causes the bridge to act like an
              ordinary MAC-learning switch.  Open vSwitch will continue
              to retry connecting to the controller in the background
              and, when the connection succeeds, it will discontinue its
              standalone behavior.</dd>
            <dt><code>secure</code></dt>
            <dd>Open vSwitch will not set up flows on its own when the
              controller connection fails.  It will continue retry
              connecting to the controller forever.</dd>
          </dl>
        </p>
        <p>If this value is unset, the default is implementation-specific.</p>
        <p>When more than one controller is configured,
          <ref column="fail_mode"/> is considered only when none of the
          configured controllers can be contacted.  At that point, the bridge
          enters secure mode if any of the controllers'
          <ref column="fail_mode"/> is set to <code>secure</code>.  Otherwise,
          it enters standalone mode if at least one <ref column="fail_mode"/>
          is set to <code>standalone</code>.  If none of the
          <ref column="fail_mode"/> values are set, the default is
          implementation-defined.</p>
      </column>
    </group>

    <group title="OpenFlow Rate Limiting">
        <column name="controller_rate_limit">
          <p>The maximum rate at which packets in unknown flows will be
            forwarded to the OpenFlow controller, in packets per second.  This
            feature prevents a single bridge from overwhelming the controller.
            If not specified, the default is implementation-specific.</p>
          <p>In addition, when a high rate triggers rate-limiting, Open
            vSwitch queues controller packets for each port and transmits
            them to the controller at the configured rate.  The number of
            queued packets is limited by
            the <ref column="controller_burst_limit"/> value.  The packet
            queue is shared fairly among the ports on a bridge.</p><p>Open
            vSwitch maintains two such packet rate-limiters per bridge.
            One of these applies to packets sent up to the controller
            because they do not correspond to any flow.  The other applies
            to packets sent up to the controller by request through flow
            actions. When both rate-limiters are filled with packets, the
            actual rate that packets are sent to the controller is up to
            twice the specified rate.</p>
        </column>

        <column name="controller_burst_limit">
          In conjunction with <ref column="controller_rate_limit"/>,
          the maximum number of unused packet credits that the bridge will
          allow to accumulate, in packets.  If not specified, the default
          is implementation-specific.
        </column>
    </group>

    <group title="Additional Discovery Configuration">
      <p>These values are considered only when <ref column="target"/>
        is <code>discover</code>.</p>

      <column name="discover_accept_regex">
        A POSIX
        extended regular expression against which the discovered controller
        location is validated.  The regular expression is implicitly
        anchored at the beginning of the controller location string, as
        if it begins with <code>^</code>.  If not specified, the default
        is implementation-specific.
      </column>

      <column name="discover_update_resolv_conf">
        Whether to update <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code> when the
        controller is discovered.  If not specified, the default
        is implementation-specific.  Open vSwitch will only modify
        <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code> if the DHCP response that it receives
        specifies one or more DNS servers.
      </column>
    </group>

    <group title="Additional In-Band Configuration">
      <p>These values are considered only in in-band control mode (see
        <ref column="connection_mode"/>) and only when <ref column="target"/>
        is not <code>discover</code>.  (For controller discovery, the network
        configuration obtained via DHCP is used instead.)</p>

      <p>When multiple controllers are configured on a single bridge, there
        should be only one set of unique values in these columns.  If different
        values are set for these columns in different controllers, the effect
        is unspecified.</p>

      <column name="local_ip">
        The IP address to configure on the local port,
        e.g. <code>192.168.0.123</code>.  If this value is unset, then
        <ref column="local_netmask"/> and <ref column="local_gateway"/> are
        ignored.
      </column>

      <column name="local_netmask">
        The IP netmask to configure on the local port,
        e.g. <code>255.255.255.0</code>.  If <ref column="local_ip"/> is set
        but this value is unset, then the default is chosen based on whether
        the IP address is class A, B, or C.
      </column>

      <column name="local_gateway">
        The IP address of the gateway to configure on the local port, as a
        string, e.g. <code>192.168.0.1</code>.  Leave this column unset if
        this network has no gateway.
      </column>
    </group>
  </table>

  <table name="NetFlow">
    A NetFlow target.  NetFlow is a protocol that exports a number of
    details about terminating IP flows, such as the principals involved
    and duration.

    <column name="targets">
      NetFlow targets in the form
      <code><var>ip</var>:<var>port</var></code>.  The <var>ip</var>
      must be specified numerically, not as a DNS name.
    </column>

    <column name="engine_id">
      Engine ID to use in NetFlow messages.  Defaults to datapath index
      if not specified.
    </column>

    <column name="engine_type">
      Engine type to use in NetFlow messages.  Defaults to datapath
      index if not specified.
    </column>

    <column name="active_timeout">
      The interval at which NetFlow records are sent for flows that are
      still active, in seconds.  A value of <code>0</code> requests the
      default timeout (currently 600 seconds); a value of <code>-1</code>
      disables active timeouts.
    </column>

    <column name="add_id_to_interface">
      <p>If this column's value is <code>false</code>, the ingress and egress
        interface fields of NetFlow flow records are derived from OpenFlow port
        numbers.  When it is <code>true</code>, the 7 most significant bits of
        these fields will be replaced by the least significant 7 bits of the
        engine id.  This is useful because many NetFlow collectors do not
        expect multiple switches to be sending messages from the same host, so
        they do not store the engine information which could be used to
        disambiguate the traffic.</p>
      <p>When this option is enabled, a maximum of 508 ports are supported.</p>
    </column>
  </table>

  <table name="SSL">
    SSL configuration for an Open_vSwitch.

    <column name="private_key">
      Name of a PEM file containing the private key used as the switch's
      identity for SSL connections to the controller.
    </column>

    <column name="certificate">
      Name of a PEM file containing a certificate, signed by the
      certificate authority (CA) used by the controller and manager,
      that certifies the switch's private key, identifying a trustworthy
      switch.
    </column>

    <column name="ca_cert">
      Name of a PEM file containing the CA certificate used to verify
      that the switch is connected to a trustworthy controller.
    </column>

    <column name="bootstrap_ca_cert">
      If set to <code>true</code>, then Open vSwitch will attempt to
      obtain the CA certificate from the controller on its first SSL
      connection and save it to the named PEM file. If it is successful,
      it will immediately drop the connection and reconnect, and from then
      on all SSL connections must be authenticated by a certificate signed
      by the CA certificate thus obtained.  <em>This option exposes the
        SSL connection to a man-in-the-middle attack obtaining the initial
        CA certificate.</em>  It may still be useful for bootstrapping.
    </column>
  </table>

  <table name="sFlow">
    <p>An sFlow(R) target.  sFlow is a protocol for remote monitoring
      of switches.</p>

    <column name="agent">
      Name of the network device whose IP address should be reported as the
      ``agent address'' to collectors.  If not specified, the IP address
      defaults to the <ref table="Controller" column="local_ip"/> in the
      collector's <ref table="Controller"/>.  If an agent IP address cannot be
      determined either way, sFlow is disabled.
    </column>

    <column name="header">
      Number of bytes of a sampled packet to send to the collector.
      If not specified, the default is 128 bytes.
    </column>

    <column name="polling">
      Polling rate in seconds to send port statistics to the collector.
      If not specified, defaults to 30 seconds.
    </column>

    <column name="sampling">
      Rate at which packets should be sampled and sent to the collector.
      If not specified, defaults to 400, which means one out of 400
      packets, on average, will be sent to the collector.
    </column>

    <column name="targets">
      sFlow targets in the form
      <code><var>ip</var>:<var>port</var></code>.
    </column>
  </table>
</database>