1 Integration Guide for Centralized Control
2 =========================================
4 This document describes how to integrate Open vSwitch onto a new
5 platform to expose the state of the switch and attached devices for
6 centralized control. (If you are looking to port the switching
7 components of Open vSwitch to a new platform, please see the PORTING
8 document.) The focus of this guide is on hypervisors, but many of the
9 interfaces are useful for hardware switches, as well. The XenServer
10 integration is the most mature implementation, so most of the examples
13 The externally visible interface to this integration is
14 platform-agnostic. We encourage anyone who integrates Open vSwitch to
15 use the same interface, because keeping a uniform interface means that
16 controllers require less customization for individual platforms (and
17 perhaps no customization at all).
19 Integration centers around the Open vSwitch database and mostly involves
20 the 'external_ids' columns in several of the tables. These columns are
21 not interpreted by Open vSwitch itself. Instead, they provide
22 information to a controller that permits it to associate a database
23 record with a more meaningful entity. In contrast, the 'other_config'
24 column is used to configure behavior of the switch. The main job of the
25 integrator, then, is to ensure that these values are correctly populated
28 An integrator sets the columns in the database by talking to the
29 ovsdb-server daemon. A few of the columns can be set during startup by
30 calling the ovs-ctl tool from inside the startup scripts. The
31 'xenserver/etc_init.d_openvswitch' script provides examples of its use,
32 and the ovs-ctl(8) manpage contains complete documentation. At runtime,
33 ovs-vsctl can be be used to set columns in the database. The script
34 'xenserver/etc_xensource_scripts_vif' contains examples of its use, and
35 ovs-vsctl(8) manpage contains complete documentation.
37 Python and C bindings to the database are provided if deeper integration
38 with a program are needed. The XenServer ovs-xapi-sync daemon
39 ('xenserver/usr_share_openvswitch_scripts_ovs-xapi-sync') provides an
40 example of using the Python bindings. More information on the python
41 bindings is available at 'python/ovs/db/idl.py'. Information on the C
42 bindings is available at 'lib/ovsdb-idl.h'.
44 The following diagram shows how integration scripts fit into the Open vSwitch
47 +----------------------------------------+
48 | Controller Cluster +
49 +----------------------------------------+
52 +----------------------------------------------------------+
54 | +--------------+---------------+ |
56 | +-------------------+ +------------------+ |
57 | | ovsdb-server |-----------| ovs-vswitchd | |
58 | +-------------------+ +------------------+ |
60 | +---------------------+ | |
61 | | Integration scripts | | |
62 | | (ex: ovs-xapi-sync) | | |
63 | +---------------------+ | |
65 |----------------------------------------------------------|
68 | +---------------------+ |
69 | | OVS Kernel Module | |
70 | +---------------------+ |
71 +----------------------------------------------------------+
74 A description of the most relevant fields for integration follows. By
75 setting these values, controllers are able to understand the network and
76 manage it more dynamically and precisely. For more details about the
77 database and each individual column, please refer to the
78 ovs-vswitchd.conf.db(5) manpage.
83 The Open_vSwitch table describes the switch as a whole. The
84 'system_type' and 'system_version' columns identify the platform to the
85 controller. The 'external_ids:system-id' key uniquely identifies the
86 physical host. In XenServer, the system-id will likely be the same as
87 the UUID returned by 'xe host-list'. This key allows controllers to
88 distinguish between multiple hypervisors.
90 Most of this configuration can be done with the ovs-ctl command at
93 ovs-ctl --system-type="XenServer" --system-version="6.0.0-50762p" \
94 --system-id="${UUID}" "${other_options}" start
96 Alternatively, the ovs-vsctl command may be used to set a particular
97 value at runtime. For example:
99 ovs-vsctl set open_vswitch . external-ids:system-id='"${UUID}"'
101 The 'other_config:enable-statistics' key may be set to "true" to have OVS
102 populate the database with statistics (e.g., number of CPUs, memory,
103 system load) for the controller's use.
108 The Bridge table describes individual bridges within an Open vSwitch
109 instance. The 'external-ids:bridge-id' key uniquely identifies a
110 particular bridge. In XenServer, this will likely be the same as the
111 UUID returned by 'xe network-list' for that particular bridge.
113 For example, to set the identifier for bridge "br0", the following
116 ovs-vsctl set Bridge br0 external-ids:bridge-id='"${UUID}"'
118 The MAC address of the bridge may be manually configured by setting it
119 with the "other_config:hwaddr" key. For example:
121 ovs-vsctl set Bridge br0 other_config:hwaddr="12:34:56:78:90:ab"
126 The Interface table describes an interface under the control of Open
127 vSwitch. The 'external_ids' column contains keys that are used to
128 provide additional information about the interface:
132 This field contains the MAC address of the device attached to
133 the interface. On a hypervisor, this is the MAC address of the
134 interface as seen inside a VM. It does not necessarily
135 correlate to the host-side MAC address. For example, on
136 XenServer, the MAC address on a VIF in the hypervisor is always
137 FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF, but inside the VM a normal MAC address is
142 This field uniquely identifies the interface. In hypervisors,
143 this allows the controller to follow VM network interfaces as
144 VMs migrate. A well-chosen identifier should also allow an
145 administrator or a controller to associate the interface with
146 the corresponding object in the VM management system. For
147 example, the Open vSwitch integration with XenServer by default
148 uses the XenServer assigned UUID for a VIF record as the
153 In a hypervisor, there are situations where there are multiple
154 interface choices for a single virtual ethernet interface inside
155 a VM. Valid values are "active" and "inactive". A complete
156 description is available in the ovs-vswitchd.conf.db(5) manpage.
160 This field uniquely identifies the VM to which this interface
161 belongs. A single VM may have multiple interfaces attached to
164 As in the previous tables, the ovs-vsctl command may be used to
165 configure the values. For example, to set the 'iface-id' on eth0, the
166 following command can be used:
168 ovs-vsctl set Interface eth0 external-ids:iface-id='"${UUID}"'