4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
6 * GK 2/5/95 - Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
7 * Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
8 * Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
9 * Simplified starting of init: Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
12 #define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
14 #include <linux/config.h>
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/module.h>
17 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
18 #include <linux/devfs_fs_kernel.h>
19 #include <linux/kernel.h>
20 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
21 #include <linux/string.h>
22 #include <linux/ctype.h>
23 #include <linux/delay.h>
24 #include <linux/utsname.h>
25 #include <linux/ioport.h>
26 #include <linux/init.h>
27 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
28 #include <linux/initrd.h>
29 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
30 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
31 #include <linux/tty.h>
32 #include <linux/gfp.h>
33 #include <linux/percpu.h>
34 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
35 #include <linux/security.h>
36 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
37 #include <linux/profile.h>
38 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
39 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
40 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
41 #include <linux/writeback.h>
42 #include <linux/cpu.h>
43 #include <linux/efi.h>
44 #include <linux/unistd.h>
45 #include <linux/rmap.h>
50 #include <linux/ckrm.h>
53 * This is one of the first .c files built. Error out early
54 * if we have compiler trouble..
56 #if __GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ == 96
57 #ifdef CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER
58 #error This compiler cannot compile correctly with frame pointers enabled
62 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
67 * Versions of gcc older than that listed below may actually compile
68 * and link okay, but the end product can have subtle run time bugs.
69 * To avoid associated bogus bug reports, we flatly refuse to compile
70 * with a gcc that is known to be too old from the very beginning.
72 #if __GNUC__ < 2 || (__GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 95)
73 #error Sorry, your GCC is too old. It builds incorrect kernels.
76 extern char *linux_banner;
78 static int init(void *);
80 extern void init_IRQ(void);
81 extern void sock_init(void);
82 extern void fork_init(unsigned long);
83 extern void mca_init(void);
84 extern void sbus_init(void);
85 extern void sysctl_init(void);
86 extern void signals_init(void);
87 extern void buffer_init(void);
88 extern void pidhash_init(void);
89 extern void pidmap_init(void);
90 extern void prio_tree_init(void);
91 extern void radix_tree_init(void);
92 extern void free_initmem(void);
93 extern void populate_rootfs(void);
94 extern void driver_init(void);
95 extern void prepare_namespace(void);
98 extern void tc_init(void);
101 enum system_states system_state;
102 EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
105 * Boot command-line arguments
107 #define MAX_INIT_ARGS 8
108 #define MAX_INIT_ENVS 8
110 extern void time_init(void);
111 /* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
112 void (*late_time_init)(void);
113 extern void softirq_init(void);
115 static char *execute_command;
117 /* Setup configured maximum number of CPUs to activate */
118 static unsigned int max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
121 * Setup routine for controlling SMP activation
123 * Command-line option of "nosmp" or "maxcpus=0" will disable SMP
124 * activation entirely (the MPS table probe still happens, though).
126 * Command-line option of "maxcpus=<NUM>", where <NUM> is an integer
127 * greater than 0, limits the maximum number of CPUs activated in
130 static int __init nosmp(char *str)
136 __setup("nosmp", nosmp);
138 static int __init maxcpus(char *str)
140 get_option(&str, &max_cpus);
144 __setup("maxcpus=", maxcpus);
146 static char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
147 char * envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
148 static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
150 __setup("profile=", profile_setup);
152 static int __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
154 struct obs_kernel_param *p;
155 extern struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start, __setup_end;
159 int n = strlen(p->str);
160 if (!strncmp(line, p->str, n)) {
161 if (!p->setup_func) {
162 printk(KERN_WARNING "Parameter %s is obsolete, ignored\n", p->str);
164 } else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
168 } while (p < &__setup_end);
172 /* this should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
173 still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer */
174 unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
176 EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
178 /* This is the number of bits of precision for the loops_per_jiffy. Each
179 bit takes on average 1.5/HZ seconds. This (like the original) is a little
183 void __devinit calibrate_delay(void)
185 unsigned long ticks, loopbit;
186 int lps_precision = LPS_PREC;
188 loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
190 printk("Calibrating delay loop... ");
191 while (loops_per_jiffy <<= 1) {
192 /* wait for "start of" clock tick */
194 while (ticks == jiffies)
198 __delay(loops_per_jiffy);
199 ticks = jiffies - ticks;
204 /* Do a binary approximation to get loops_per_jiffy set to equal one clock
205 (up to lps_precision bits) */
206 loops_per_jiffy >>= 1;
207 loopbit = loops_per_jiffy;
208 while ( lps_precision-- && (loopbit >>= 1) ) {
209 loops_per_jiffy |= loopbit;
211 while (ticks == jiffies);
213 __delay(loops_per_jiffy);
214 if (jiffies != ticks) /* longer than 1 tick */
215 loops_per_jiffy &= ~loopbit;
218 /* Round the value and print it */
219 printk("%lu.%02lu BogoMIPS\n",
220 loops_per_jiffy/(500000/HZ),
221 (loops_per_jiffy/(5000/HZ)) % 100);
224 static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
228 console_loglevel = 10;
232 static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
236 console_loglevel = 4;
240 __setup("debug", debug_kernel);
241 __setup("quiet", quiet_kernel);
243 /* Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
245 static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val)
247 /* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
251 /* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
252 if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
255 /* Preemptive maintenance for "why didn't my mispelled command
257 if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val)) {
258 printk(KERN_ERR "Unknown boot option `%s': ignoring\n", param);
266 /* Environment option */
268 for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
269 if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
270 panic_later = "Too many boot env vars at `%s'";
274 envp_init[i] = param;
276 /* Command line option */
278 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
279 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
280 panic_later = "Too many boot init vars at `%s'";
284 argv_init[i] = param;
289 static int __init init_setup(char *str)
293 execute_command = str;
294 /* In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
295 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
296 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
297 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
299 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
303 __setup("init=", init_setup);
305 extern void setup_arch(char **);
306 extern void cpu_idle(void);
310 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
311 static void __init smp_init(void)
313 APIC_init_uniprocessor();
316 #define smp_init() do { } while (0)
319 static inline void setup_per_cpu_areas(void) { }
320 static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
324 #ifdef __GENERIC_PER_CPU
325 unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[NR_CPUS];
327 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_offset);
329 static void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
331 unsigned long size, i;
333 /* Created by linker magic */
334 extern char __per_cpu_start[], __per_cpu_end[];
336 /* Copy section for each CPU (we discard the original) */
337 size = ALIGN(__per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
338 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
339 if (size < PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM)
340 size = PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM;
343 ptr = alloc_bootmem(size * NR_CPUS);
345 for (i = 0; i < NR_CPUS; i++, ptr += size) {
346 __per_cpu_offset[i] = ptr - __per_cpu_start;
347 memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_start, __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start);
350 #endif /* !__GENERIC_PER_CPU */
352 /* Called by boot processor to activate the rest. */
353 static void __init smp_init(void)
357 /* FIXME: This should be done in userspace --RR */
358 for_each_present_cpu(i) {
359 if (num_online_cpus() >= max_cpus)
365 /* Any cleanup work */
366 printk("Brought up %ld CPUs\n", (long)num_online_cpus());
367 smp_cpus_done(max_cpus);
369 /* Get other processors into their bootup holding patterns. */
379 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
380 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
381 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
384 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
387 static void noinline rest_init(void)
389 kernel_thread(init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
395 * Activate the first processor.
398 asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
401 extern char saved_command_line[];
402 extern struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
404 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
409 printk(linux_banner);
410 setup_arch(&command_line);
411 setup_per_cpu_areas();
414 * Mark the boot cpu "online" so that it can call console drivers in
415 * printk() and can access its per-cpu storage.
417 smp_prepare_boot_cpu();
420 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
421 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
422 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
426 build_all_zonelists();
428 printk("Kernel command line: %s\n", saved_command_line);
429 parse_args("Booting kernel", command_line, __start___param,
430 __stop___param - __start___param,
431 &unknown_bootoption);
437 /* MEF: In 2.6.5. ckrm_init was right after pidhash_init() but
438 before sched_init(). Will leave it after pidhash_init()
447 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
448 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
449 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
453 panic(panic_later, panic_param);
456 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
457 if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
458 initrd_start < min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) {
459 printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
460 "disabling it.\n",initrd_start,min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
470 pgtable_cache_init();
475 efi_enter_virtual_mode();
477 fork_init(num_physpages);
481 security_scaffolding_startup();
482 vfs_caches_init(num_physpages);
485 /* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
486 page_writeback_init();
487 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
494 * We count on the initial thread going ok
495 * Like idlers init is an unlocked kernel thread, which will
496 * make syscalls (and thus be locked).
498 init_idle(current, smp_processor_id());
500 /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
504 static int __initdata initcall_debug;
506 static int __init initcall_debug_setup(char *str)
511 __setup("initcall_debug", initcall_debug_setup);
513 struct task_struct *child_reaper = &init_task;
515 extern initcall_t __initcall_start, __initcall_end;
517 static void __init do_initcalls(void)
520 int count = preempt_count();
522 for (call = &__initcall_start; call < &__initcall_end; call++) {
525 if (initcall_debug) {
526 printk(KERN_DEBUG "Calling initcall 0x%p", *call);
527 print_symbol(": %s()", (unsigned long) *call);
534 if (preempt_count() != count) {
535 msg = "preemption imbalance";
536 preempt_count() = count;
538 if (irqs_disabled()) {
539 msg = "disabled interrupts";
543 printk("error in initcall at 0x%p: "
544 "returned with %s\n", *call, msg);
548 /* Make sure there is no pending stuff from the initcall sequence */
549 flush_scheduled_work();
553 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
554 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
555 * running, and memory and process management works.
557 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
559 static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
567 /* Networking initialization needs a process context */
574 static void do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
576 extern int spawn_ksoftirqd(void);
578 extern int migration_init(void);
585 static void run_init_process(char *init_filename)
587 argv_init[0] = init_filename;
588 execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
591 static inline void fixup_cpu_present_map(void)
597 * If arch is not hotplug ready and did not populate
598 * cpu_present_map, just make cpu_present_map same as cpu_possible_map
599 * for other cpu bringup code to function as normal. e.g smp_init() etc.
601 if (cpus_empty(cpu_present_map)) {
603 cpu_set(i, cpu_present_map);
609 static int init(void * unused)
613 * Tell the world that we're going to be the grim
614 * reaper of innocent orphaned children.
616 * We don't want people to have to make incorrect
617 * assumptions about where in the task array this
620 child_reaper = current;
622 /* Sets up cpus_possible() */
623 smp_prepare_cpus(max_cpus);
625 do_pre_smp_initcalls();
627 fixup_cpu_present_map();
632 * Do this before initcalls, because some drivers want to access
640 * check if there is an early userspace init. If yes, let it do all
643 if (sys_access("/init", 0) == 0)
644 execute_command = "/init";
649 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
650 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
651 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
655 system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
657 if (sys_open("/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
658 printk("Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
664 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
666 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
667 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
671 run_init_process(execute_command);
673 run_init_process("/sbin/init");
674 run_init_process("/etc/init");
675 run_init_process("/bin/init");
676 run_init_process("/bin/sh");
678 panic("No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel.");