2 * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Nicira, Inc.
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
8 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
18 #include "learning-switch.h"
22 #include <netinet/in.h>
26 #include "byte-order.h"
27 #include "classifier.h"
30 #include "mac-learning.h"
32 #include "ofp-actions.h"
33 #include "ofp-errors.h"
35 #include "ofp-parse.h"
36 #include "ofp-print.h"
38 #include "openflow/openflow.h"
39 #include "poll-loop.h"
47 VLOG_DEFINE_THIS_MODULE(learning_switch);
50 struct hmap_node hmap_node; /* Hash node for port number. */
51 uint16_t port_no; /* OpenFlow port number, in host byte order. */
52 uint32_t queue_id; /* OpenFlow queue number. */
56 S_CONNECTING, /* Waiting for connection to complete. */
57 S_FEATURES_REPLY, /* Waiting for features reply. */
58 S_SWITCHING, /* Switching flows. */
63 enum lswitch_state state;
65 /* If nonnegative, the switch sets up flows that expire after the given
66 * number of seconds (or never expire, if the value is OFP_FLOW_PERMANENT).
67 * Otherwise, the switch processes every packet. */
70 enum ofputil_protocol protocol;
71 unsigned long long int datapath_id;
72 struct mac_learning *ml; /* NULL to act as hub instead of switch. */
73 struct flow_wildcards wc; /* Wildcards to apply to flows. */
74 bool action_normal; /* Use OFPP_NORMAL? */
76 /* Queue distribution. */
77 uint32_t default_queue; /* Default OpenFlow queue, or UINT32_MAX. */
78 struct hmap queue_numbers; /* Map from port number to lswitch_port. */
79 struct shash queue_names; /* Map from port name to lswitch_port. */
81 /* Number of outgoing queued packets on the rconn. */
82 struct rconn_packet_counter *queued;
84 /* If true, do not reply to any messages from the switch (for debugging
88 /* Optional "flow mod" requests to send to the switch at connection time,
89 * to set up the flow table. */
90 const struct ofputil_flow_mod *default_flows;
91 size_t n_default_flows;
94 /* The log messages here could actually be useful in debugging, so keep the
95 * rate limit relatively high. */
96 static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(30, 300);
98 static void queue_tx(struct lswitch *, struct ofpbuf *);
99 static void send_features_request(struct lswitch *);
101 static void lswitch_process_packet(struct lswitch *, const struct ofpbuf *);
102 static enum ofperr process_switch_features(struct lswitch *,
103 struct ofp_header *);
104 static void process_packet_in(struct lswitch *, const struct ofp_header *);
105 static void process_echo_request(struct lswitch *, const struct ofp_header *);
107 /* Creates and returns a new learning switch whose configuration is given by
110 * 'rconn' is used to send out an OpenFlow features request. */
112 lswitch_create(struct rconn *rconn, const struct lswitch_config *cfg)
117 sw = xzalloc(sizeof *sw);
119 sw->state = S_CONNECTING;
120 sw->max_idle = cfg->max_idle;
122 sw->ml = (cfg->mode == LSW_LEARN
123 ? mac_learning_create(MAC_ENTRY_DEFAULT_IDLE_TIME)
125 sw->action_normal = cfg->mode == LSW_NORMAL;
127 switch (cfg->wildcards) {
133 /* Try to wildcard as many fields as possible, but we cannot
134 * wildcard all fields. We need in_port to detect moves. We need
135 * Ethernet source and dest and VLAN VID to do L2 learning. */
136 ofpfw = (OFPFW10_DL_TYPE | OFPFW10_DL_VLAN_PCP
137 | OFPFW10_NW_SRC_ALL | OFPFW10_NW_DST_ALL
138 | OFPFW10_NW_TOS | OFPFW10_NW_PROTO
139 | OFPFW10_TP_SRC | OFPFW10_TP_DST);
143 ofpfw = cfg->wildcards;
146 ofputil_wildcard_from_ofpfw10(ofpfw, &sw->wc);
148 sw->default_queue = cfg->default_queue;
149 hmap_init(&sw->queue_numbers);
150 shash_init(&sw->queue_names);
151 if (cfg->port_queues) {
152 struct simap_node *node;
154 SIMAP_FOR_EACH (node, cfg->port_queues) {
155 struct lswitch_port *port = xmalloc(sizeof *port);
156 hmap_node_nullify(&port->hmap_node);
157 port->queue_id = node->data;
158 shash_add(&sw->queue_names, node->name, port);
162 sw->default_flows = cfg->default_flows;
163 sw->n_default_flows = cfg->n_default_flows;
165 sw->queued = rconn_packet_counter_create();
171 lswitch_handshake(struct lswitch *sw)
173 enum ofputil_protocol protocol;
175 send_features_request(sw);
177 protocol = ofputil_protocol_from_ofp_version(rconn_get_version(sw->rconn));
178 if (sw->default_flows) {
179 enum ofputil_protocol usable_protocols;
180 struct ofpbuf *msg = NULL;
184 /* If the initial protocol isn't good enough for default_flows, then
185 * pick one that will work and encode messages to set up that
188 * This could be improved by actually negotiating a mutually acceptable
189 * flow format with the switch, but that would require an asynchronous
190 * state machine. This version ought to work fine in practice. */
191 usable_protocols = ofputil_flow_mod_usable_protocols(
192 sw->default_flows, sw->n_default_flows);
193 if (!(protocol & usable_protocols)) {
194 enum ofputil_protocol want = rightmost_1bit(usable_protocols);
196 msg = ofputil_encode_set_protocol(protocol, want, &protocol);
200 error = rconn_send(sw->rconn, msg, NULL);
204 for (i = 0; !error && i < sw->n_default_flows; i++) {
205 msg = ofputil_encode_flow_mod(&sw->default_flows[i], protocol);
206 error = rconn_send(sw->rconn, msg, NULL);
210 VLOG_INFO_RL(&rl, "%s: failed to queue default flows (%s)",
211 rconn_get_name(sw->rconn), strerror(error));
214 sw->protocol = protocol;
218 lswitch_is_alive(const struct lswitch *sw)
220 return rconn_is_alive(sw->rconn);
225 lswitch_destroy(struct lswitch *sw)
228 struct lswitch_port *node, *next;
230 rconn_destroy(sw->rconn);
231 HMAP_FOR_EACH_SAFE (node, next, hmap_node, &sw->queue_numbers) {
232 hmap_remove(&sw->queue_numbers, &node->hmap_node);
235 shash_destroy(&sw->queue_names);
236 mac_learning_destroy(sw->ml);
237 rconn_packet_counter_destroy(sw->queued);
242 /* Takes care of necessary 'sw' activity, except for receiving packets (which
243 * the caller must do). */
245 lswitch_run(struct lswitch *sw)
250 mac_learning_run(sw->ml, NULL);
253 rconn_run(sw->rconn);
255 if (sw->state == S_CONNECTING) {
256 if (rconn_get_version(sw->rconn) != -1) {
257 lswitch_handshake(sw);
258 sw->state = S_FEATURES_REPLY;
263 for (i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
266 msg = rconn_recv(sw->rconn);
272 lswitch_process_packet(sw, msg);
279 lswitch_wait(struct lswitch *sw)
282 mac_learning_wait(sw->ml);
284 rconn_run_wait(sw->rconn);
285 rconn_recv_wait(sw->rconn);
288 /* Processes 'msg', which should be an OpenFlow received on 'rconn', according
289 * to the learning switch state in 'sw'. The most likely result of processing
290 * is that flow-setup and packet-out OpenFlow messages will be sent out on
293 lswitch_process_packet(struct lswitch *sw, const struct ofpbuf *msg)
299 if (ofptype_pull(&type, &b)) {
303 if (sw->state == S_FEATURES_REPLY
304 && type != OFPTYPE_ECHO_REQUEST
305 && type != OFPTYPE_FEATURES_REPLY) {
310 case OFPTYPE_ECHO_REQUEST:
311 process_echo_request(sw, msg->data);
314 case OFPTYPE_FEATURES_REPLY:
315 if (sw->state == S_FEATURES_REPLY) {
316 if (!process_switch_features(sw, msg->data)) {
317 sw->state = S_SWITCHING;
319 rconn_disconnect(sw->rconn);
324 case OFPTYPE_PACKET_IN:
325 process_packet_in(sw, msg->data);
328 case OFPTYPE_FLOW_REMOVED:
334 case OFPTYPE_ECHO_REPLY:
335 case OFPTYPE_FEATURES_REQUEST:
336 case OFPTYPE_GET_CONFIG_REQUEST:
337 case OFPTYPE_GET_CONFIG_REPLY:
338 case OFPTYPE_SET_CONFIG:
339 case OFPTYPE_PORT_STATUS:
340 case OFPTYPE_PACKET_OUT:
341 case OFPTYPE_FLOW_MOD:
342 case OFPTYPE_PORT_MOD:
343 case OFPTYPE_BARRIER_REQUEST:
344 case OFPTYPE_BARRIER_REPLY:
345 case OFPTYPE_DESC_STATS_REQUEST:
346 case OFPTYPE_DESC_STATS_REPLY:
347 case OFPTYPE_FLOW_STATS_REQUEST:
348 case OFPTYPE_FLOW_STATS_REPLY:
349 case OFPTYPE_AGGREGATE_STATS_REQUEST:
350 case OFPTYPE_AGGREGATE_STATS_REPLY:
351 case OFPTYPE_TABLE_STATS_REQUEST:
352 case OFPTYPE_TABLE_STATS_REPLY:
353 case OFPTYPE_PORT_STATS_REQUEST:
354 case OFPTYPE_PORT_STATS_REPLY:
355 case OFPTYPE_QUEUE_STATS_REQUEST:
356 case OFPTYPE_QUEUE_STATS_REPLY:
357 case OFPTYPE_PORT_DESC_STATS_REQUEST:
358 case OFPTYPE_PORT_DESC_STATS_REPLY:
359 case OFPTYPE_ROLE_REQUEST:
360 case OFPTYPE_ROLE_REPLY:
361 case OFPTYPE_SET_FLOW_FORMAT:
362 case OFPTYPE_FLOW_MOD_TABLE_ID:
363 case OFPTYPE_SET_PACKET_IN_FORMAT:
364 case OFPTYPE_FLOW_AGE:
365 case OFPTYPE_SET_ASYNC_CONFIG:
366 case OFPTYPE_SET_CONTROLLER_ID:
367 case OFPTYPE_FLOW_MONITOR_STATS_REQUEST:
368 case OFPTYPE_FLOW_MONITOR_STATS_REPLY:
369 case OFPTYPE_FLOW_MONITOR_CANCEL:
370 case OFPTYPE_FLOW_MONITOR_PAUSED:
371 case OFPTYPE_FLOW_MONITOR_RESUMED:
373 if (VLOG_IS_DBG_ENABLED()) {
374 char *s = ofp_to_string(msg->data, msg->size, 2);
375 VLOG_DBG_RL(&rl, "%016llx: OpenFlow packet ignored: %s",
383 send_features_request(struct lswitch *sw)
386 struct ofp_switch_config *osc;
387 int ofp_version = rconn_get_version(sw->rconn);
389 assert(ofp_version > 0 && ofp_version < 0xff);
391 /* Send OFPT_FEATURES_REQUEST. */
392 b = ofpraw_alloc(OFPRAW_OFPT_FEATURES_REQUEST, ofp_version, 0);
395 /* Send OFPT_SET_CONFIG. */
396 b = ofpraw_alloc(OFPRAW_OFPT_SET_CONFIG, ofp_version, sizeof *osc);
397 osc = ofpbuf_put_zeros(b, sizeof *osc);
398 osc->miss_send_len = htons(OFP_DEFAULT_MISS_SEND_LEN);
403 queue_tx(struct lswitch *sw, struct ofpbuf *b)
405 int retval = rconn_send_with_limit(sw->rconn, b, sw->queued, 10);
406 if (retval && retval != ENOTCONN) {
407 if (retval == EAGAIN) {
408 VLOG_INFO_RL(&rl, "%016llx: %s: tx queue overflow",
409 sw->datapath_id, rconn_get_name(sw->rconn));
411 VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "%016llx: %s: send: %s",
412 sw->datapath_id, rconn_get_name(sw->rconn),
419 process_switch_features(struct lswitch *sw, struct ofp_header *oh)
421 struct ofputil_switch_features features;
422 struct ofputil_phy_port port;
426 error = ofputil_decode_switch_features(oh, &features, &b);
428 VLOG_ERR("received invalid switch feature reply (%s)",
429 ofperr_to_string(error));
433 sw->datapath_id = features.datapath_id;
435 while (!ofputil_pull_phy_port(oh->version, &b, &port)) {
436 struct lswitch_port *lp = shash_find_data(&sw->queue_names, port.name);
437 if (lp && hmap_node_is_null(&lp->hmap_node)) {
438 lp->port_no = port.port_no;
439 hmap_insert(&sw->queue_numbers, &lp->hmap_node,
440 hash_int(lp->port_no, 0));
447 lswitch_choose_destination(struct lswitch *sw, const struct flow *flow)
451 /* Learn the source MAC. */
452 if (mac_learning_may_learn(sw->ml, flow->dl_src, 0)) {
453 struct mac_entry *mac = mac_learning_insert(sw->ml, flow->dl_src, 0);
454 if (mac_entry_is_new(mac) || mac->port.i != flow->in_port) {
455 VLOG_DBG_RL(&rl, "%016llx: learned that "ETH_ADDR_FMT" is on "
456 "port %"PRIu16, sw->datapath_id,
457 ETH_ADDR_ARGS(flow->dl_src), flow->in_port);
459 mac->port.i = flow->in_port;
460 mac_learning_changed(sw->ml, mac);
464 /* Drop frames for reserved multicast addresses. */
465 if (eth_addr_is_reserved(flow->dl_dst)) {
469 out_port = OFPP_FLOOD;
471 struct mac_entry *mac;
473 mac = mac_learning_lookup(sw->ml, flow->dl_dst, 0, NULL);
475 out_port = mac->port.i;
476 if (out_port == flow->in_port) {
477 /* Don't send a packet back out its input port. */
483 /* Check if we need to use "NORMAL" action. */
484 if (sw->action_normal && out_port != OFPP_FLOOD) {
492 get_queue_id(const struct lswitch *sw, uint16_t in_port)
494 const struct lswitch_port *port;
496 HMAP_FOR_EACH_WITH_HASH (port, hmap_node, hash_int(in_port, 0),
497 &sw->queue_numbers) {
498 if (port->port_no == in_port) {
499 return port->queue_id;
503 return sw->default_queue;
507 process_packet_in(struct lswitch *sw, const struct ofp_header *oh)
509 struct ofputil_packet_in pi;
513 uint64_t ofpacts_stub[64 / 8];
514 struct ofpbuf ofpacts;
516 struct ofputil_packet_out po;
522 error = ofputil_decode_packet_in(&pi, oh);
524 VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "failed to decode packet-in: %s",
525 ofperr_to_string(error));
529 /* Ignore packets sent via output to OFPP_CONTROLLER. This library never
530 * uses such an action. You never know what experiments might be going on,
531 * though, and it seems best not to interfere with them. */
532 if (pi.reason != OFPR_NO_MATCH) {
536 /* Extract flow data from 'opi' into 'flow'. */
537 ofpbuf_use_const(&pkt, pi.packet, pi.packet_len);
538 flow_extract(&pkt, 0, pi.fmd.tun_id, pi.fmd.in_port, &flow);
540 /* Choose output port. */
541 out_port = lswitch_choose_destination(sw, &flow);
544 queue_id = get_queue_id(sw, pi.fmd.in_port);
545 ofpbuf_use_stack(&ofpacts, ofpacts_stub, sizeof ofpacts_stub);
546 if (out_port == OFPP_NONE) {
548 } else if (queue_id == UINT32_MAX || out_port >= OFPP_MAX) {
549 ofpact_put_OUTPUT(&ofpacts)->port = out_port;
551 struct ofpact_enqueue *enqueue = ofpact_put_ENQUEUE(&ofpacts);
552 enqueue->port = out_port;
553 enqueue->queue = queue_id;
555 ofpact_pad(&ofpacts);
557 /* Prepare packet_out in case we need one. */
558 po.buffer_id = pi.buffer_id;
559 if (po.buffer_id == UINT32_MAX) {
560 po.packet = pkt.data;
561 po.packet_len = pkt.size;
566 po.in_port = pi.fmd.in_port;
567 po.ofpacts = ofpacts.data;
568 po.ofpacts_len = ofpacts.size;
570 /* Send the packet, and possibly the whole flow, to the output port. */
571 if (sw->max_idle >= 0 && (!sw->ml || out_port != OFPP_FLOOD)) {
572 struct ofputil_flow_mod fm;
573 struct ofpbuf *buffer;
575 /* The output port is known, or we always flood everything, so add a
577 memset(&fm, 0, sizeof fm);
578 cls_rule_init(&flow, &sw->wc, 0, &fm.cr);
579 ofputil_normalize_rule_quiet(&fm.cr);
581 fm.command = OFPFC_ADD;
582 fm.idle_timeout = sw->max_idle;
583 fm.buffer_id = pi.buffer_id;
584 fm.out_port = OFPP_NONE;
585 fm.ofpacts = ofpacts.data;
586 fm.ofpacts_len = ofpacts.size;
587 buffer = ofputil_encode_flow_mod(&fm, sw->protocol);
589 queue_tx(sw, buffer);
591 /* If the switch didn't buffer the packet, we need to send a copy. */
592 if (pi.buffer_id == UINT32_MAX && out_port != OFPP_NONE) {
593 queue_tx(sw, ofputil_encode_packet_out(&po, sw->protocol));
596 /* We don't know that MAC, or we don't set up flows. Send along the
597 * packet without setting up a flow. */
598 if (pi.buffer_id != UINT32_MAX || out_port != OFPP_NONE) {
599 queue_tx(sw, ofputil_encode_packet_out(&po, sw->protocol));
605 process_echo_request(struct lswitch *sw, const struct ofp_header *rq)
607 queue_tx(sw, make_echo_reply(rq));