1 #----------------------------------------------------------------------
2 # Copyright (c) 2008 Board of Trustees, Princeton University
4 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
5 # a copy of this software and/or hardware specification (the "Work") to
6 # deal in the Work without restriction, including without limitation the
7 # rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
8 # and/or sell copies of the Work, and to permit persons to whom the Work
9 # is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
11 # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
12 # included in all copies or substantial portions of the Work.
14 # THE WORK IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
15 # OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
16 # MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
17 # NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
18 # HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
19 # WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
20 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE WORK OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
22 #----------------------------------------------------------------------
25 # SFA uses two crypto libraries: pyOpenSSL and M2Crypto to implement
26 # the necessary crypto functionality. Ideally just one of these libraries
27 # would be used, but unfortunately each of these libraries is independently
28 # lacking. The pyOpenSSL library is missing many necessary functions, and
29 # the M2Crypto library has crashed inside of some of the functions. The
30 # design decision is to use pyOpenSSL whenever possible as it seems more
31 # stable, and only use M2Crypto for those functions that are not possible
34 # This module exports two classes: Keypair and Certificate.
42 from tempfile import mkstemp
44 from OpenSSL import crypto
46 from M2Crypto import X509
48 from sfa.util.faults import CertExpired, CertMissingParent, CertNotSignedByParent
49 from sfa.util.sfalogging import logger
51 # this tends to generate quite some logs for little or no value
52 debug_verify_chain = False
54 glo_passphrase_callback = None
57 # A global callback may be implemented for requesting passphrases from the
58 # user. The function will be called with three arguments:
60 # keypair_obj: the keypair object that is calling the passphrase
61 # string: the string containing the private key that's being loaded
62 # x: unknown, appears to be 0, comes from pyOpenSSL and/or m2crypto
64 # The callback should return a string containing the passphrase.
66 def set_passphrase_callback(callback_func):
67 global glo_passphrase_callback
69 glo_passphrase_callback = callback_func
72 # Sets a fixed passphrase.
74 def set_passphrase(passphrase):
75 set_passphrase_callback( lambda k,s,x: passphrase )
78 # Check to see if a passphrase works for a particular private key string.
79 # Intended to be used by passphrase callbacks for input validation.
81 def test_passphrase(string, passphrase):
83 crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, string, (lambda x: passphrase))
88 def convert_public_key(key):
89 keyconvert_path = "/usr/bin/keyconvert.py"
90 if not os.path.isfile(keyconvert_path):
91 raise IOError, "Could not find keyconvert in %s" % keyconvert_path
93 # we can only convert rsa keys
95 raise Exception, "keyconvert: dss keys are not supported"
97 (ssh_f, ssh_fn) = tempfile.mkstemp()
98 ssl_fn = tempfile.mktemp()
102 cmd = keyconvert_path + " " + ssh_fn + " " + ssl_fn
105 # this check leaves the temporary file containing the public key so
106 # that it can be expected to see why it failed.
107 # TODO: for production, cleanup the temporary files
108 if not os.path.exists(ssl_fn):
109 raise Exception, "keyconvert: generated certificate not found. keyconvert may have failed."
113 k.load_pubkey_from_file(ssl_fn)
116 logger.log_exc("convert_public_key caught exception")
119 # remove the temporary files
120 if os.path.exists(ssh_fn):
122 if os.path.exists(ssl_fn):
126 # Public-private key pairs are implemented by the Keypair class.
127 # A Keypair object may represent both a public and private key pair, or it
128 # may represent only a public key (this usage is consistent with OpenSSL).
131 key = None # public/private keypair
132 m2key = None # public key (m2crypto format)
135 # Creates a Keypair object
136 # @param create If create==True, creates a new public/private key and
137 # stores it in the object
138 # @param string If string!=None, load the keypair from the string (PEM)
139 # @param filename If filename!=None, load the keypair from the file
141 def __init__(self, create=False, string=None, filename=None):
145 self.load_from_string(string)
147 self.load_from_file(filename)
150 # Create a RSA public/private key pair and store it inside the keypair object
153 self.key = crypto.PKey()
154 self.key.generate_key(crypto.TYPE_RSA, 2048)
157 # Save the private key to a file
158 # @param filename name of file to store the keypair in
160 def save_to_file(self, filename):
161 open(filename, 'w').write(self.as_pem())
162 self.filename=filename
165 # Load the private key from a file. Implicity the private key includes the public key.
167 def load_from_file(self, filename):
168 self.filename=filename
169 buffer = open(filename, 'r').read()
170 self.load_from_string(buffer)
173 # Load the private key from a string. Implicitly the private key includes the public key.
175 def load_from_string(self, string):
176 if glo_passphrase_callback:
177 self.key = crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, string, functools.partial(glo_passphrase_callback, self, string) )
178 self.m2key = M2Crypto.EVP.load_key_string(string, functools.partial(glo_passphrase_callback, self, string) )
180 self.key = crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, string)
181 self.m2key = M2Crypto.EVP.load_key_string(string)
184 # Load the public key from a string. No private key is loaded.
186 def load_pubkey_from_file(self, filename):
187 # load the m2 public key
188 m2rsakey = M2Crypto.RSA.load_pub_key(filename)
189 self.m2key = M2Crypto.EVP.PKey()
190 self.m2key.assign_rsa(m2rsakey)
192 # create an m2 x509 cert
193 m2name = M2Crypto.X509.X509_Name()
194 m2name.add_entry_by_txt(field="CN", type=0x1001, entry="junk", len=-1, loc=-1, set=0)
195 m2x509 = M2Crypto.X509.X509()
196 m2x509.set_pubkey(self.m2key)
197 m2x509.set_serial_number(0)
198 m2x509.set_issuer_name(m2name)
199 m2x509.set_subject_name(m2name)
200 ASN1 = M2Crypto.ASN1.ASN1_UTCTIME()
202 m2x509.set_not_before(ASN1)
203 m2x509.set_not_after(ASN1)
204 # x509v3 so it can have extensions
205 # prob not necc since this cert itself is junk but still...
206 m2x509.set_version(2)
207 junk_key = Keypair(create=True)
208 m2x509.sign(pkey=junk_key.get_m2_pkey(), md="sha1")
210 # convert the m2 x509 cert to a pyopenssl x509
211 m2pem = m2x509.as_pem()
212 pyx509 = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, m2pem)
214 # get the pyopenssl pkey from the pyopenssl x509
215 self.key = pyx509.get_pubkey()
216 self.filename=filename
219 # Load the public key from a string. No private key is loaded.
221 def load_pubkey_from_string(self, string):
222 (f, fn) = tempfile.mkstemp()
225 self.load_pubkey_from_file(fn)
229 # Return the private key in PEM format.
232 return crypto.dump_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, self.key)
235 # Return an M2Crypto key object
237 def get_m2_pkey(self):
239 self.m2key = M2Crypto.EVP.load_key_string(self.as_pem())
243 # Returns a string containing the public key represented by this object.
245 def get_pubkey_string(self):
246 m2pkey = self.get_m2_pkey()
247 return base64.b64encode(m2pkey.as_der())
250 # Return an OpenSSL pkey object
252 def get_openssl_pkey(self):
256 # Given another Keypair object, return TRUE if the two keys are the same.
258 def is_same(self, pkey):
259 return self.as_pem() == pkey.as_pem()
261 def sign_string(self, data):
262 k = self.get_m2_pkey()
265 return base64.b64encode(k.sign_final())
267 def verify_string(self, data, sig):
268 k = self.get_m2_pkey()
270 k.verify_update(data)
271 return M2Crypto.m2.verify_final(k.ctx, base64.b64decode(sig), k.pkey)
273 def compute_hash(self, value):
274 return self.sign_string(str(value))
277 def get_filename(self):
278 return getattr(self,'filename',None)
280 def dump (self, *args, **kwargs):
281 print self.dump_string(*args, **kwargs)
283 def dump_string (self):
285 result += "KEYPAIR: pubkey=%40s..."%self.get_pubkey_string()
286 filename=self.get_filename()
287 if filename: result += "Filename %s\n"%filename
291 # The certificate class implements a general purpose X509 certificate, making
292 # use of the appropriate pyOpenSSL or M2Crypto abstractions. It also adds
293 # several addition features, such as the ability to maintain a chain of
294 # parent certificates, and storage of application-specific data.
296 # Certificates include the ability to maintain a chain of parents. Each
297 # certificate includes a pointer to it's parent certificate. When loaded
298 # from a file or a string, the parent chain will be automatically loaded.
299 # When saving a certificate to a file or a string, the caller can choose
300 # whether to save the parent certificates as well.
307 # issuerSubject = None
309 isCA = None # will be a boolean once set
311 separator="-----parent-----"
314 # Create a certificate object.
316 # @param lifeDays life of cert in days - default is 1825==5 years
317 # @param create If create==True, then also create a blank X509 certificate.
318 # @param subject If subject!=None, then create a blank certificate and set
320 # @param string If string!=None, load the certficate from the string.
321 # @param filename If filename!=None, load the certficiate from the file.
322 # @param isCA If !=None, set whether this cert is for a CA
324 def __init__(self, lifeDays=1825, create=False, subject=None, string=None, filename=None, isCA=None):
325 # these used to be defined in the class !
327 self.issuerKey = None
328 self.issuerSubject = None
332 if create or subject:
333 self.create(lifeDays)
335 self.set_subject(subject)
337 self.load_from_string(string)
339 self.load_from_file(filename)
341 # Set the CA bit if a value was supplied
345 # Create a blank X509 certificate and store it in this object.
347 def create(self, lifeDays=1825):
348 self.x509 = crypto.X509()
349 # FIXME: Use different serial #s
350 self.x509.set_serial_number(3)
351 self.x509.gmtime_adj_notBefore(0) # 0 means now
352 self.x509.gmtime_adj_notAfter(lifeDays*60*60*24) # five years is default
353 self.x509.set_version(2) # x509v3 so it can have extensions
357 # Given a pyOpenSSL X509 object, store that object inside of this
358 # certificate object.
360 def load_from_pyopenssl_x509(self, x509):
364 # Load the certificate from a string
366 def load_from_string(self, string):
367 # if it is a chain of multiple certs, then split off the first one and
368 # load it (support for the ---parent--- tag as well as normal chained certs)
370 if string is None or string.strip() == "":
371 logger.warn("Empty string in load_from_string")
374 string = string.strip()
376 # If it's not in proper PEM format, wrap it
377 if string.count('-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE') == 0:
378 string = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n%s\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----' % string
380 # If there is a PEM cert in there, but there is some other text first
381 # such as the text of the certificate, skip the text
382 beg = string.find('-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE')
384 # skipping over non cert beginning
385 string = string[beg:]
389 if string.count('-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----') > 1 and \
390 string.count(Certificate.separator) == 0:
391 parts = string.split('-----END CERTIFICATE-----',1)
392 parts[0] += '-----END CERTIFICATE-----'
394 parts = string.split(Certificate.separator, 1)
396 self.x509 = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, parts[0])
398 if self.x509 is None:
399 logger.warn("Loaded from string but cert is None: %s" % string)
401 # if there are more certs, then create a parent and let the parent load
402 # itself from the remainder of the string
403 if len(parts) > 1 and parts[1] != '':
404 self.parent = self.__class__()
405 self.parent.load_from_string(parts[1])
408 # Load the certificate from a file
410 def load_from_file(self, filename):
411 file = open(filename)
413 self.load_from_string(string)
414 self.filename=filename
417 # Save the certificate to a string.
419 # @param save_parents If save_parents==True, then also save the parent certificates.
421 def save_to_string(self, save_parents=True):
422 if self.x509 is None:
423 logger.warn("None cert in certificate.save_to_string")
425 string = crypto.dump_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, self.x509)
426 if save_parents and self.parent:
427 string = string + self.parent.save_to_string(save_parents)
431 # Save the certificate to a file.
432 # @param save_parents If save_parents==True, then also save the parent certificates.
434 def save_to_file(self, filename, save_parents=True, filep=None):
435 string = self.save_to_string(save_parents=save_parents)
439 f = open(filename, 'w')
442 self.filename=filename
445 # Save the certificate to a random file in /tmp/
446 # @param save_parents If save_parents==True, then also save the parent certificates.
447 def save_to_random_tmp_file(self, save_parents=True):
448 fp, filename = mkstemp(suffix='cert', text=True)
449 fp = os.fdopen(fp, "w")
450 self.save_to_file(filename, save_parents=True, filep=fp)
454 # Sets the issuer private key and name
455 # @param key Keypair object containing the private key of the issuer
456 # @param subject String containing the name of the issuer
457 # @param cert (optional) Certificate object containing the name of the issuer
459 def set_issuer(self, key, subject=None, cert=None):
462 # it's a mistake to use subject and cert params at the same time
464 if isinstance(subject, dict) or isinstance(subject, str):
465 req = crypto.X509Req()
466 reqSubject = req.get_subject()
467 if (isinstance(subject, dict)):
468 for key in reqSubject.keys():
469 setattr(reqSubject, key, subject[key])
471 setattr(reqSubject, "CN", subject)
473 # subject is not valid once req is out of scope, so save req
476 # if a cert was supplied, then get the subject from the cert
477 subject = cert.x509.get_subject()
479 self.issuerSubject = subject
482 # Get the issuer name
484 def get_issuer(self, which="CN"):
485 x = self.x509.get_issuer()
486 return getattr(x, which)
489 # Set the subject name of the certificate
491 def set_subject(self, name):
492 req = crypto.X509Req()
493 subj = req.get_subject()
494 if (isinstance(name, dict)):
495 for key in name.keys():
496 setattr(subj, key, name[key])
498 setattr(subj, "CN", name)
499 self.x509.set_subject(subj)
502 # Get the subject name of the certificate
504 def get_subject(self, which="CN"):
505 x = self.x509.get_subject()
506 return getattr(x, which)
509 # Get a pretty-print subject name of the certificate
510 # let's try to make this a little more usable as is makes logs hairy
511 # FIXME: Consider adding 'urn:publicid' and 'uuid' back for GENI?
512 pretty_fields = ['email']
513 def filter_chunk(self, chunk):
514 for field in self.pretty_fields:
518 def pretty_cert(self):
520 x = self.x509.get_subject()
521 ou = getattr(x, "OU")
522 if ou: message += " OU: {}".format(ou)
523 cn = getattr(x, "CN")
524 if cn: message += " CN: {}".format(cn)
525 data = self.get_data(field='subjectAltName')
527 message += " SubjectAltName:"
529 filtered = [self.filter_chunk(chunk) for chunk in data.split()]
530 message += " ".join( [f for f in filtered if f])
531 omitted = len ([f for f in filtered if not f])
533 message += "..+{} omitted".format(omitted)
538 # Get the public key of the certificate.
540 # @param key Keypair object containing the public key
542 def set_pubkey(self, key):
543 assert(isinstance(key, Keypair))
544 self.x509.set_pubkey(key.get_openssl_pkey())
547 # Get the public key of the certificate.
548 # It is returned in the form of a Keypair object.
550 def get_pubkey(self):
551 m2x509 = X509.load_cert_string(self.save_to_string())
553 pkey.key = self.x509.get_pubkey()
554 pkey.m2key = m2x509.get_pubkey()
557 def set_intermediate_ca(self, val):
558 return self.set_is_ca(val)
560 # Set whether this cert is for a CA. All signers and only signers should be CAs.
561 # The local member starts unset, letting us check that you only set it once
562 # @param val Boolean indicating whether this cert is for a CA
563 def set_is_ca(self, val):
567 if self.isCA != None:
568 # Can't double set properties
569 raise Exception, "Cannot set basicConstraints CA:?? more than once. Was %s, trying to set as %s" % (self.isCA, val)
573 self.add_extension('basicConstraints', 1, 'CA:TRUE')
575 self.add_extension('basicConstraints', 1, 'CA:FALSE')
580 # Add an X509 extension to the certificate. Add_extension can only be called
581 # once for a particular extension name, due to limitations in the underlying
584 # @param name string containing name of extension
585 # @param value string containing value of the extension
587 def add_extension(self, name, critical, value):
590 oldExtVal = self.get_extension(name)
592 # M2Crypto LookupError when the extension isn't there (yet)
595 # This code limits you from adding the extension with the same value
596 # The method comment says you shouldn't do this with the same name
597 # But actually it (m2crypto) appears to allow you to do this.
598 if oldExtVal and oldExtVal == value:
599 # don't add this extension again
600 # just do nothing as here
602 # FIXME: What if they are trying to set with a different value?
603 # Is this ever OK? Or should we raise an exception?
605 # raise "Cannot add extension %s which had val %s with new val %s" % (name, oldExtVal, value)
607 ext = crypto.X509Extension (name, critical, value)
608 self.x509.add_extensions([ext])
611 # Get an X509 extension from the certificate
613 def get_extension(self, name):
618 certstr = self.save_to_string()
619 if certstr is None or certstr == "":
621 # pyOpenSSL does not have a way to get extensions
622 m2x509 = X509.load_cert_string(certstr)
624 logger.warn("No cert loaded in get_extension")
626 if m2x509.get_ext(name) is None:
628 value = m2x509.get_ext(name).get_value()
633 # Set_data is a wrapper around add_extension. It stores the parameter str in
634 # the X509 subject_alt_name extension. Set_data can only be called once, due
635 # to limitations in the underlying library.
637 def set_data(self, str, field='subjectAltName'):
638 # pyOpenSSL only allows us to add extensions, so if we try to set the
639 # same extension more than once, it will not work
640 if self.data.has_key(field):
641 raise "Cannot set ", field, " more than once"
642 self.data[field] = str
643 self.add_extension(field, 0, str)
646 # Return the data string that was previously set with set_data
648 def get_data(self, field='subjectAltName'):
649 if self.data.has_key(field):
650 return self.data[field]
653 uri = self.get_extension(field)
654 self.data[field] = uri
658 return self.data[field]
661 # Sign the certificate using the issuer private key and issuer subject previous set with set_issuer().
664 logger.debug('certificate.sign')
665 assert self.x509 != None
666 assert self.issuerSubject != None
667 assert self.issuerKey != None
668 self.x509.set_issuer(self.issuerSubject)
669 self.x509.sign(self.issuerKey.get_openssl_pkey(), self.digest)
672 # Verify the authenticity of a certificate.
673 # @param pkey is a Keypair object representing a public key. If Pkey
674 # did not sign the certificate, then an exception will be thrown.
676 def verify(self, pkey):
677 # pyOpenSSL does not have a way to verify signatures
678 m2x509 = X509.load_cert_string(self.save_to_string())
679 m2pkey = pkey.get_m2_pkey()
681 return m2x509.verify(m2pkey)
683 # XXX alternatively, if openssl has been patched, do the much simpler:
685 # self.x509.verify(pkey.get_openssl_key())
691 # Return True if pkey is identical to the public key that is contained in the certificate.
692 # @param pkey Keypair object
694 def is_pubkey(self, pkey):
695 return self.get_pubkey().is_same(pkey)
698 # Given a certificate cert, verify that this certificate was signed by the
699 # public key contained in cert. Throw an exception otherwise.
701 # @param cert certificate object
703 def is_signed_by_cert(self, cert):
704 k = cert.get_pubkey()
705 result = self.verify(k)
709 # Set the parent certficiate.
711 # @param p certificate object.
713 def set_parent(self, p):
717 # Return the certificate object of the parent of this certificate.
719 def get_parent(self):
723 # Verification examines a chain of certificates to ensure that each parent
724 # signs the child, and that some certificate in the chain is signed by a
725 # trusted certificate.
727 # Verification is a basic recursion: <pre>
728 # if this_certificate was signed by trusted_certs:
731 # return verify_chain(parent, trusted_certs)
734 # At each recursion, the parent is tested to ensure that it did sign the
735 # child. If a parent did not sign a child, then an exception is thrown. If
736 # the bottom of the recursion is reached and the certificate does not match
737 # a trusted root, then an exception is thrown.
738 # Also require that parents are CAs.
740 # @param Trusted_certs is a list of certificates that are trusted.
743 def verify_chain(self, trusted_certs = None):
744 # Verify a chain of certificates. Each certificate must be signed by
745 # the public key contained in it's parent. The chain is recursed
746 # until a certificate is found that is signed by a trusted root.
748 # verify expiration time
749 if self.x509.has_expired():
750 if debug_verify_chain:
751 logger.debug("verify_chain: NO, Certificate %s has expired" % self.pretty_cert())
752 raise CertExpired(self.pretty_cert(), "client cert")
754 # if this cert is signed by a trusted_cert, then we are set
755 for trusted_cert in trusted_certs:
756 if self.is_signed_by_cert(trusted_cert):
757 # verify expiration of trusted_cert ?
758 if not trusted_cert.x509.has_expired():
759 if debug_verify_chain:
760 logger.debug("verify_chain: YES. Cert %s signed by trusted cert %s"%(
761 self.pretty_cert(), trusted_cert.pretty_cert()))
764 if debug_verify_chain:
765 logger.debug("verify_chain: NO. Cert %s is signed by trusted_cert %s, but that signer is expired..."%(
766 self.pretty_cert(),trusted_cert.pretty_cert()))
767 raise CertExpired(self.pretty_cert()," signer trusted_cert %s"%trusted_cert.pretty_cert())
769 # if there is no parent, then no way to verify the chain
771 if debug_verify_chain:
772 logger.debug("verify_chain: NO. %s has no parent and issuer %s is not in %d trusted roots"%\
773 (self.pretty_cert(), self.get_issuer(), len(trusted_certs)))
774 raise CertMissingParent(self.pretty_cert() + \
775 ": Issuer %s is not one of the %d trusted roots, and cert has no parent." %\
776 (self.get_issuer(), len(trusted_certs)))
778 # if it wasn't signed by the parent...
779 if not self.is_signed_by_cert(self.parent):
780 if debug_verify_chain:
781 logger.debug("verify_chain: NO. %s is not signed by parent %s, but by %s"%\
783 self.parent.pretty_cert(),
785 raise CertNotSignedByParent("%s: Parent %s, issuer %s"\
786 % (self.pretty_cert(),
787 self.parent.pretty_cert(),
790 # Confirm that the parent is a CA. Only CAs can be trusted as
792 # Note that trusted roots are not parents, so don't need to be
794 # Ugly - cert objects aren't parsed so we need to read the
795 # extension and hope there are no other basicConstraints
796 if not self.parent.isCA and not (self.parent.get_extension('basicConstraints') == 'CA:TRUE'):
797 logger.warn("verify_chain: cert %s's parent %s is not a CA" % \
798 (self.pretty_cert(), self.parent.pretty_cert()))
799 raise CertNotSignedByParent("%s: Parent %s not a CA" % (self.pretty_cert(),
800 self.parent.pretty_cert()))
802 # if the parent isn't verified...
803 if debug_verify_chain:
804 logger.debug("verify_chain: .. %s, -> verifying parent %s"%\
805 (self.pretty_cert(),self.parent.pretty_cert()))
806 self.parent.verify_chain(trusted_certs)
810 ### more introspection
811 def get_extensions(self):
812 # pyOpenSSL does not have a way to get extensions
814 m2x509 = X509.load_cert_string(self.save_to_string())
815 nb_extensions = m2x509.get_ext_count()
816 logger.debug("X509 had %d extensions"%nb_extensions)
817 for i in range(nb_extensions):
818 ext=m2x509.get_ext_at(i)
819 triples.append( (ext.get_name(), ext.get_value(), ext.get_critical(),) )
822 def get_data_names(self):
823 return self.data.keys()
825 def get_all_datas (self):
826 triples = self.get_extensions()
827 for name in self.get_data_names():
828 triples.append( (name,self.get_data(name),'data',) )
832 def get_filename(self):
833 return getattr(self,'filename',None)
835 def dump (self, *args, **kwargs):
836 print self.dump_string(*args, **kwargs)
838 def dump_string (self,show_extensions=False):
840 result += "CERTIFICATE for %s\n"%self.pretty_cert()
841 result += "Issued by %s\n"%self.get_issuer()
842 filename=self.get_filename()
843 if filename: result += "Filename %s\n"%filename
845 all_datas = self.get_all_datas()
846 result += " has %d extensions/data attached"%len(all_datas)
847 for (n, v, c) in all_datas:
849 result += " data: %s=%s\n"%(n,v)
851 result += " ext: %s (crit=%s)=<<<%s>>>\n"%(n,c,v)