+/**
+ * Radix-tree synchronization
+ *
+ * The radix-tree API requires that users provide all synchronisation (with
+ * specific exceptions, noted below).
+ *
+ * Synchronization of access to the data items being stored in the tree, and
+ * management of their lifetimes must be completely managed by API users.
+ *
+ * For API usage, in general,
+ * - any function _modifying_ the the tree or tags (inserting or deleting
+ * items, setting or clearing tags must exclude other modifications, and
+ * exclude any functions reading the tree.
+ * - any function _reading_ the the tree or tags (looking up items or tags,
+ * gang lookups) must exclude modifications to the tree, but may occur
+ * concurrently with other readers.
+ *
+ * The notable exceptions to this rule are the following functions:
+ * radix_tree_lookup
+ * radix_tree_tag_get
+ * radix_tree_gang_lookup
+ * radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag
+ * radix_tree_tagged
+ *
+ * The first 4 functions are able to be called locklessly, using RCU. The
+ * caller must ensure calls to these functions are made within rcu_read_lock()
+ * regions. Other readers (lock-free or otherwise) and modifications may be
+ * running concurrently.
+ *
+ * It is still required that the caller manage the synchronization and lifetimes
+ * of the items. So if RCU lock-free lookups are used, typically this would mean
+ * that the items have their own locks, or are amenable to lock-free access; and
+ * that the items are freed by RCU (or only freed after having been deleted from
+ * the radix tree *and* a synchronize_rcu() grace period).
+ *
+ * (Note, rcu_assign_pointer and rcu_dereference are not needed to control
+ * access to data items when inserting into or looking up from the radix tree)
+ *
+ * radix_tree_tagged is able to be called without locking or RCU.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * radix_tree_deref_slot - dereference a slot
+ * @pslot: pointer to slot, returned by radix_tree_lookup_slot
+ * Returns: item that was stored in that slot with any direct pointer flag
+ * removed.
+ *
+ * For use with radix_tree_lookup_slot(). Caller must hold tree at least read
+ * locked across slot lookup and dereference. More likely, will be used with
+ * radix_tree_replace_slot(), as well, so caller will hold tree write locked.
+ */
+static inline void *radix_tree_deref_slot(void **pslot)
+{
+ return radix_tree_direct_to_ptr(*pslot);
+}
+/**
+ * radix_tree_replace_slot - replace item in a slot
+ * @pslot: pointer to slot, returned by radix_tree_lookup_slot
+ * @item: new item to store in the slot.
+ *
+ * For use with radix_tree_lookup_slot(). Caller must hold tree write locked
+ * across slot lookup and replacement.
+ */
+static inline void radix_tree_replace_slot(void **pslot, void *item)
+{
+ BUG_ON(radix_tree_is_direct_ptr(item));
+ rcu_assign_pointer(*pslot,
+ (void *)((unsigned long)item |
+ ((unsigned long)*pslot & RADIX_TREE_DIRECT_PTR)));
+}
+