=== 1 Overview
=== 2 Who does what
- === 3 The kbuild Makefiles
+ === 3 The kbuild files
--- 3.1 Goal definitions
--- 3.2 Built-in object goals - obj-y
--- 3.3 Loadable module goals - obj-m
--- 3.8 Command line dependency
--- 3.9 Dependency tracking
--- 3.10 Special Rules
+ --- 3.11 $(CC) support functions
=== 4 Host Program support
--- 4.1 Simple Host Program
=== 6 Architecture Makefiles
--- 6.1 Set variables to tweak the build to the architecture
- --- 6.2 Add prerequisites to prepare:
+ --- 6.2 Add prerequisites to archprepare:
--- 6.3 List directories to visit when descending
--- 6.4 Architecture specific boot images
--- 6.5 Building non-kbuild targets
--- 6.6 Commands useful for building a boot image
--- 6.7 Custom kbuild commands
--- 6.8 Preprocessing linker scripts
- --- 6.9 $(CC) support functions
=== 7 Kbuild Variables
=== 8 Makefile language
This document is aimed towards normal developers and arch developers.
-=== 3 The kbuild Makefiles
+=== 3 The kbuild files
Most Makefiles within the kernel are kbuild Makefiles that use the
kbuild infrastructure. This chapter introduce the syntax used in the
kbuild makefiles.
+The preferred name for the kbuild files are 'Makefile' but 'Kbuild' can
+be used and if both a 'Makefile' and a 'Kbuild' file exists then the 'Kbuild'
+file will be used.
Section 3.1 "Goal definitions" is a quick intro, further chapters provide
more details, with real examples.
to prerequisites are referenced with $(src) (because they are not
generated files).
+--- 3.11 $(CC) support functions
+
+ The kernel may be build with several different versions of
+ $(CC), each supporting a unique set of features and options.
+ kbuild provide basic support to check for valid options for $(CC).
+ $(CC) is useally the gcc compiler, but other alternatives are
+ available.
+
+ as-option
+ as-option is used to check if $(CC) when used to compile
+ assembler (*.S) files supports the given option. An optional
+ second option may be specified if first option are not supported.
+
+ Example:
+ #arch/sh/Makefile
+ cflags-y += $(call as-option,-Wa$(comma)-isa=$(isa-y),)
+
+ In the above example cflags-y will be assinged the the option
+ -Wa$(comma)-isa=$(isa-y) if it is supported by $(CC).
+ The second argument is optional, and if supplied will be used
+ if first argument is not supported.
+
+ ld-option
+ ld-option is used to check if $(CC) when used to link object files
+ supports the given option. An optional second option may be
+ specified if first option are not supported.
+
+ Example:
+ #arch/i386/kernel/Makefile
+ vsyscall-flags += $(call ld-option, -Wl$(comma)--hash-style=sysv)
+
+ In the above example vsyscall-flags will be assigned the option
+ -Wl$(comma)--hash-style=sysv if it is supported by $(CC).
+ The second argument is optional, and if supplied will be used
+ if first argument is not supported.
+
+ cc-option
+ cc-option is used to check if $(CC) support a given option, and not
+ supported to use an optional second option.
+
+ Example:
+ #arch/i386/Makefile
+ cflags-y += $(call cc-option,-march=pentium-mmx,-march=i586)
+
+ In the above example cflags-y will be assigned the option
+ -march=pentium-mmx if supported by $(CC), otherwise -march-i586.
+ The second argument to cc-option is optional, and if omitted
+ cflags-y will be assigned no value if first option is not supported.
+
+ cc-option-yn
+ cc-option-yn is used to check if gcc supports a given option
+ and return 'y' if supported, otherwise 'n'.
+
+ Example:
+ #arch/ppc/Makefile
+ biarch := $(call cc-option-yn, -m32)
+ aflags-$(biarch) += -a32
+ cflags-$(biarch) += -m32
+
+ In the above example $(biarch) is set to y if $(CC) supports the -m32
+ option. When $(biarch) equals to y the expanded variables $(aflags-y)
+ and $(cflags-y) will be assigned the values -a32 and -m32.
+
+ cc-option-align
+ gcc version >= 3.0 shifted type of options used to speify
+ alignment of functions, loops etc. $(cc-option-align) whrn used
+ as prefix to the align options will select the right prefix:
+ gcc < 3.00
+ cc-option-align = -malign
+ gcc >= 3.00
+ cc-option-align = -falign
+
+ Example:
+ CFLAGS += $(cc-option-align)-functions=4
+
+ In the above example the option -falign-functions=4 is used for
+ gcc >= 3.00. For gcc < 3.00 -malign-functions=4 is used.
+
+ cc-version
+ cc-version return a numerical version of the $(CC) compiler version.
+ The format is <major><minor> where both are two digits. So for example
+ gcc 3.41 would return 0341.
+ cc-version is useful when a specific $(CC) version is faulty in one
+ area, for example the -mregparm=3 were broken in some gcc version
+ even though the option was accepted by gcc.
+
+ Example:
+ #arch/i386/Makefile
+ cflags-y += $(shell \
+ if [ $(call cc-version) -ge 0300 ] ; then \
+ echo "-mregparm=3"; fi ;)
+
+ In the above example -mregparm=3 is only used for gcc version greater
+ than or equal to gcc 3.0.
+
+ cc-ifversion
+ cc-ifversion test the version of $(CC) and equals last argument if
+ version expression is true.
+
+ Example:
+ #fs/reiserfs/Makefile
+ EXTRA_CFLAGS := $(call cc-ifversion, -lt, 0402, -O1)
+
+ In this example EXTRA_CFLAGS will be assigned the value -O1 if the
+ $(CC) version is less than 4.2.
+ cc-ifversion takes all the shell operators:
+ -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, and -ge
+ The third parameter may be a text as in this example, but it may also
+ be an expanded variable or a macro.
+
=== 4 Host Program support
probe supported options:
#arch/i386/Makefile
- check_gcc = $(shell if $(CC) $(1) -S -o /dev/null -xc \
- /dev/null\ > /dev/null 2>&1; then echo "$(1)"; \
- else echo "$(2)"; fi)
- cflags-$(CONFIG_MCYRIXIII) += $(call check_gcc,\
- -march=c3,-march=i486)
- CFLAGS += $(cflags-y)
+ ...
+ cflags-$(CONFIG_MPENTIUMII) += $(call cc-option,\
+ -march=pentium2,-march=i686)
+ ...
+ # Disable unit-at-a-time mode ...
+ CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-unit-at-a-time)
+ ...
+
- The above examples both utilise the trick that a config option expands
+ The first examples utilises the trick that a config option expands
to 'y' when selected.
CFLAGS_KERNEL $(CC) options specific for built-in
for loadable kernel modules.
---- 6.2 Add prerequisites to prepare:
+--- 6.2 Add prerequisites to archprepare:
- The prepare: rule is used to list prerequisites that needs to be
+ The archprepare: rule is used to list prerequisites that needs to be
built before starting to descend down in the subdirectories.
This is usual header files containing assembler constants.
Example:
- #arch/s390/Makefile
- prepare: include/asm-$(ARCH)/offsets.h
+ #arch/arm/Makefile
+ archprepare: maketools
- In this example the file include/asm-$(ARCH)/offsets.h will
- be built before descending down in the subdirectories.
+ In this example the file target maketools will be processed
+ before descending down in the subdirectories.
See also chapter XXX-TODO that describe how kbuild supports
generating offset header files.
Assignments to $(targets) are without $(obj)/ prefix.
if_changed may be used in conjunction with custom commands as
defined in 6.7 "Custom kbuild commands".
+
Note: It is a typical mistake to forget the FORCE prerequisite.
+ Another common pitfall is that whitespace is sometimes
+ significant; for instance, the below will fail (note the extra space
+ after the comma):
+ target: source(s) FORCE
+ #WRONG!# $(call if_changed, ld/objcopy/gzip)
ld
Link target. Often LDFLAGS_$@ is used to set specific options to ld.
architecture specific files.
---- 6.9 $(CC) support functions
-
- The kernel may be build with several different versions of
- $(CC), each supporting a unique set of features and options.
- kbuild provide basic support to check for valid options for $(CC).
- $(CC) is useally the gcc compiler, but other alternatives are
- available.
-
- cc-option
- cc-option is used to check if $(CC) support a given option, and not
- supported to use an optional second option.
-
- Example:
- #arch/i386/Makefile
- cflags-y += $(call cc-option,-march=pentium-mmx,-march=i586)
-
- In the above example cflags-y will be assigned the option
- -march=pentium-mmx if supported by $(CC), otherwise -march-i586.
- The second argument to cc-option is optional, and if omitted
- cflags-y will be assigned no value if first option is not supported.
-
- cc-option-yn
- cc-option-yn is used to check if gcc supports a given option
- and return 'y' if supported, otherwise 'n'.
-
- Example:
- #arch/ppc/Makefile
- biarch := $(call cc-option-yn, -m32)
- aflags-$(biarch) += -a32
- cflags-$(biarch) += -m32
-
- In the above example $(biarch) is set to y if $(CC) supports the -m32
- option. When $(biarch) equals to y the expanded variables $(aflags-y)
- and $(cflags-y) will be assigned the values -a32 and -m32.
-
- cc-version
- cc-version return a numerical version of the $(CC) compiler version.
- The format is <major><minor> where both are two digits. So for example
- gcc 3.41 would return 0341.
- cc-version is useful when a specific $(CC) version is faulty in one
- area, for example the -mregparm=3 were broken in some gcc version
- even though the option was accepted by gcc.
-
- Example:
- #arch/i386/Makefile
- GCC_VERSION := $(call cc-version)
- cflags-y += $(shell \
- if [ $(GCC_VERSION) -ge 0300 ] ; then echo "-mregparm=3"; fi ;)
-
- In the above example -mregparm=3 is only used for gcc version greater
- than or equal to gcc 3.0.
-
-
=== 7 Kbuild Variables
The top Makefile exports the following variables:
$(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE). The user may
override this value on the command line if desired.
+ INSTALL_MOD_STRIP
+
+ If this variable is specified, will cause modules to be stripped
+ after they are installed. If INSTALL_MOD_STRIP is '1', then the
+ default option --strip-debug will be used. Otherwise,
+ INSTALL_MOD_STRIP will used as the option(s) to the strip command.
+
+
=== 8 Makefile language
The kernel Makefiles are designed to run with GNU Make. The Makefiles
git://git.onelab.eu / linux-2.6.git / blobdiff