Add ability to direct "packet-in"s to particular controllers.
[sliver-openvswitch.git] / lib / ofp-util.c
index a4b1f5f..0f3fdb2 100644 (file)
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Nicira Networks.
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Nicira Networks.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 #include "ofp-print.h"
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include "autopath.h"
@@ -25,7 +27,9 @@
 #include "byte-order.h"
 #include "classifier.h"
 #include "dynamic-string.h"
+#include "learn.h"
 #include "multipath.h"
+#include "meta-flow.h"
 #include "nx-match.h"
 #include "ofp-errors.h"
 #include "ofp-util.h"
@@ -59,22 +63,12 @@ ofputil_wcbits_to_netmask(int wcbits)
 }
 
 /* Given the IP netmask 'netmask', returns the number of bits of the IP address
- * that it wildcards.  'netmask' must be a CIDR netmask (see ip_is_cidr()). */
+ * that it wildcards, that is, the number of 0-bits in 'netmask'.  'netmask'
+ * must be a CIDR netmask (see ip_is_cidr()). */
 int
 ofputil_netmask_to_wcbits(ovs_be32 netmask)
 {
-    assert(ip_is_cidr(netmask));
-#if __GNUC__ >= 4
-    return netmask == htonl(0) ? 32 : __builtin_ctz(ntohl(netmask));
-#else
-    int wcbits;
-
-    for (wcbits = 32; netmask; wcbits--) {
-        netmask &= netmask - 1;
-    }
-
-    return wcbits;
-#endif
+    return 32 - ip_count_cidr_bits(netmask);
 }
 
 /* A list of the FWW_* and OFPFW_ bits that have the same value, meaning, and
@@ -84,9 +78,7 @@ ofputil_netmask_to_wcbits(ovs_be32 netmask)
     WC_INVARIANT_BIT(DL_SRC) \
     WC_INVARIANT_BIT(DL_DST) \
     WC_INVARIANT_BIT(DL_TYPE) \
-    WC_INVARIANT_BIT(NW_PROTO) \
-    WC_INVARIANT_BIT(TP_SRC) \
-    WC_INVARIANT_BIT(TP_DST)
+    WC_INVARIANT_BIT(NW_PROTO)
 
 /* Verify that all of the invariant bits (as defined on WC_INVARIANT_LIST)
  * actually have the same names and values. */
@@ -108,21 +100,32 @@ static const flow_wildcards_t WC_INVARIANTS = 0
 void
 ofputil_wildcard_from_openflow(uint32_t ofpfw, struct flow_wildcards *wc)
 {
-    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 1);
+    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 8);
 
     /* Initialize most of rule->wc. */
     flow_wildcards_init_catchall(wc);
     wc->wildcards = (OVS_FORCE flow_wildcards_t) ofpfw & WC_INVARIANTS;
 
     /* Wildcard fields that aren't defined by ofp_match or tun_id. */
-    wc->wildcards |= (FWW_ARP_SHA | FWW_ARP_THA | FWW_ND_TARGET);
+    wc->wildcards |= (FWW_ARP_SHA | FWW_ARP_THA | FWW_NW_ECN | FWW_NW_TTL
+                      | FWW_ND_TARGET | FWW_IPV6_LABEL);
 
     if (ofpfw & OFPFW_NW_TOS) {
-        wc->wildcards |= FWW_NW_TOS;
+        /* OpenFlow 1.0 defines a TOS wildcard, but it's much later in
+         * the enum than we can use. */
+        wc->wildcards |= FWW_NW_DSCP;
     }
+
     wc->nw_src_mask = ofputil_wcbits_to_netmask(ofpfw >> OFPFW_NW_SRC_SHIFT);
     wc->nw_dst_mask = ofputil_wcbits_to_netmask(ofpfw >> OFPFW_NW_DST_SHIFT);
 
+    if (!(ofpfw & OFPFW_TP_SRC)) {
+        wc->tp_src_mask = htons(UINT16_MAX);
+    }
+    if (!(ofpfw & OFPFW_TP_DST)) {
+        wc->tp_dst_mask = htons(UINT16_MAX);
+    }
+
     if (ofpfw & OFPFW_DL_DST) {
         /* OpenFlow 1.0 OFPFW_DL_DST covers the whole Ethernet destination, but
          * Open vSwitch breaks the Ethernet destination into bits as FWW_DL_DST
@@ -160,7 +163,7 @@ ofputil_cls_rule_from_match(const struct ofp_match *match,
     rule->flow.tp_dst = match->tp_dst;
     memcpy(rule->flow.dl_src, match->dl_src, ETH_ADDR_LEN);
     memcpy(rule->flow.dl_dst, match->dl_dst, ETH_ADDR_LEN);
-    rule->flow.nw_tos = match->nw_tos;
+    rule->flow.nw_tos = match->nw_tos & IP_DSCP_MASK;
     rule->flow.nw_proto = match->nw_proto;
 
     /* Translate VLANs. */
@@ -199,9 +202,15 @@ ofputil_cls_rule_to_match(const struct cls_rule *rule, struct ofp_match *match)
     ofpfw = (OVS_FORCE uint32_t) (wc->wildcards & WC_INVARIANTS);
     ofpfw |= ofputil_netmask_to_wcbits(wc->nw_src_mask) << OFPFW_NW_SRC_SHIFT;
     ofpfw |= ofputil_netmask_to_wcbits(wc->nw_dst_mask) << OFPFW_NW_DST_SHIFT;
-    if (wc->wildcards & FWW_NW_TOS) {
+    if (wc->wildcards & FWW_NW_DSCP) {
         ofpfw |= OFPFW_NW_TOS;
     }
+    if (!wc->tp_src_mask) {
+        ofpfw |= OFPFW_TP_SRC;
+    }
+    if (!wc->tp_dst_mask) {
+        ofpfw |= OFPFW_TP_DST;
+    }
 
     /* Translate VLANs. */
     match->dl_vlan = htons(0);
@@ -233,7 +242,7 @@ ofputil_cls_rule_to_match(const struct cls_rule *rule, struct ofp_match *match)
     match->dl_type = ofputil_dl_type_to_openflow(rule->flow.dl_type);
     match->nw_src = rule->flow.nw_src;
     match->nw_dst = rule->flow.nw_dst;
-    match->nw_tos = rule->flow.nw_tos;
+    match->nw_tos = rule->flow.nw_tos & IP_DSCP_MASK;
     match->nw_proto = rule->flow.nw_proto;
     match->tp_src = rule->flow.tp_src;
     match->tp_dst = rule->flow.tp_dst;
@@ -274,6 +283,7 @@ alloc_xid(void)
 
 struct ofputil_msg_type {
     enum ofputil_msg_code code; /* OFPUTIL_*. */
+    uint8_t ofp_version;        /* An OpenFlow version or 0 for "any". */
     uint32_t value;             /* OFPT_*, OFPST_*, NXT_*, or NXST_*. */
     const char *name;           /* e.g. "OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED". */
     unsigned int min_size;      /* Minimum total message size in bytes. */
@@ -282,63 +292,64 @@ struct ofputil_msg_type {
     unsigned int extra_multiple;
 };
 
+/* Represents a malformed OpenFlow message. */
+static const struct ofputil_msg_type ofputil_invalid_type = {
+    OFPUTIL_MSG_INVALID, 0, 0, "OFPUTIL_MSG_INVALID", 0, 0
+};
+
 struct ofputil_msg_category {
     const char *name;           /* e.g. "OpenFlow message" */
     const struct ofputil_msg_type *types;
     size_t n_types;
-    int missing_error;          /* ofp_mkerr() value for missing type. */
+    enum ofperr missing_error;  /* Error value for missing type. */
 };
 
-static bool
-ofputil_length_ok(const struct ofputil_msg_category *cat,
-                  const struct ofputil_msg_type *type,
-                  unsigned int size)
+static enum ofperr
+ofputil_check_length(const struct ofputil_msg_type *type, unsigned int size)
 {
     switch (type->extra_multiple) {
     case 0:
         if (size != type->min_size) {
-            VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "received %s %s with incorrect "
+            VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "received %s with incorrect "
                          "length %u (expected length %u)",
-                         cat->name, type->name, size, type->min_size);
-            return false;
+                         type->name, size, type->min_size);
+            return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_LEN;
         }
-        return true;
+        return 0;
 
     case 1:
         if (size < type->min_size) {
-            VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "received %s %s with incorrect "
+            VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "received %s with incorrect "
                          "length %u (expected length at least %u bytes)",
-                         cat->name, type->name, size, type->min_size);
-            return false;
+                         type->name, size, type->min_size);
+            return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_LEN;
         }
-        return true;
+        return 0;
 
     default:
         if (size < type->min_size
             || (size - type->min_size) % type->extra_multiple) {
-            VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "received %s %s with incorrect "
+            VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "received %s with incorrect "
                          "length %u (must be exactly %u bytes or longer "
                          "by an integer multiple of %u bytes)",
-                         cat->name, type->name, size,
+                         type->name, size,
                          type->min_size, type->extra_multiple);
-            return false;
+            return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_LEN;
         }
-        return true;
+        return 0;
     }
 }
 
-static int
+static enum ofperr
 ofputil_lookup_openflow_message(const struct ofputil_msg_category *cat,
-                                uint32_t value, unsigned int size,
+                                uint8_t version, uint32_t value,
                                 const struct ofputil_msg_type **typep)
 {
     const struct ofputil_msg_type *type;
 
     for (type = cat->types; type < &cat->types[cat->n_types]; type++) {
-        if (type->value == value) {
-            if (!ofputil_length_ok(cat, type, size)) {
-                return ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, OFPBRC_BAD_LEN);
-            }
+        if (type->value == value
+            && (!type->ofp_version || version == type->ofp_version)) {
             *typep = type;
             return 0;
         }
@@ -349,98 +360,134 @@ ofputil_lookup_openflow_message(const struct ofputil_msg_category *cat,
     return cat->missing_error;
 }
 
-static int
-ofputil_decode_vendor(const struct ofp_header *oh,
+static enum ofperr
+ofputil_decode_vendor(const struct ofp_header *oh, size_t length,
                       const struct ofputil_msg_type **typep)
 {
-    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(sizeof(struct nxt_set_flow_format)
-                      != sizeof(struct nxt_flow_mod_table_id));
-
     static const struct ofputil_msg_type nxt_messages[] = {
-        { OFPUTIL_NXT_ROLE_REQUEST,
+        { OFPUTIL_NXT_ROLE_REQUEST, OFP10_VERSION,
           NXT_ROLE_REQUEST, "NXT_ROLE_REQUEST",
           sizeof(struct nx_role_request), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_NXT_ROLE_REPLY,
+        { OFPUTIL_NXT_ROLE_REPLY, OFP10_VERSION,
           NXT_ROLE_REPLY, "NXT_ROLE_REPLY",
           sizeof(struct nx_role_request), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_NXT_SET_FLOW_FORMAT,
+        { OFPUTIL_NXT_SET_FLOW_FORMAT, OFP10_VERSION,
           NXT_SET_FLOW_FORMAT, "NXT_SET_FLOW_FORMAT",
-          sizeof(struct nxt_set_flow_format), 0 },
+          sizeof(struct nx_set_flow_format), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_NXT_FLOW_MOD,
+        { OFPUTIL_NXT_SET_PACKET_IN_FORMAT, OFP10_VERSION,
+          NXT_SET_PACKET_IN_FORMAT, "NXT_SET_PACKET_IN_FORMAT",
+          sizeof(struct nx_set_packet_in_format), 0 },
+
+        { OFPUTIL_NXT_PACKET_IN, OFP10_VERSION,
+          NXT_PACKET_IN, "NXT_PACKET_IN",
+          sizeof(struct nx_packet_in), 1 },
+
+        { OFPUTIL_NXT_FLOW_MOD, OFP10_VERSION,
           NXT_FLOW_MOD, "NXT_FLOW_MOD",
           sizeof(struct nx_flow_mod), 8 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_NXT_FLOW_REMOVED,
+        { OFPUTIL_NXT_FLOW_REMOVED, OFP10_VERSION,
           NXT_FLOW_REMOVED, "NXT_FLOW_REMOVED",
           sizeof(struct nx_flow_removed), 8 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_NXT_FLOW_MOD_TABLE_ID,
+        { OFPUTIL_NXT_FLOW_MOD_TABLE_ID, OFP10_VERSION,
           NXT_FLOW_MOD_TABLE_ID, "NXT_FLOW_MOD_TABLE_ID",
-          sizeof(struct nxt_flow_mod_table_id), 0 },
+          sizeof(struct nx_flow_mod_table_id), 0 },
+
+        { OFPUTIL_NXT_FLOW_AGE, OFP10_VERSION,
+          NXT_FLOW_AGE, "NXT_FLOW_AGE",
+          sizeof(struct nicira_header), 0 },
+
+        { OFPUTIL_NXT_SET_ASYNC_CONFIG, OFP10_VERSION,
+          NXT_SET_ASYNC_CONFIG, "NXT_SET_ASYNC_CONFIG",
+          sizeof(struct nx_async_config), 0 },
+
+        { OFPUTIL_NXT_SET_CONTROLLER_ID, OFP10_VERSION,
+          NXT_SET_CONTROLLER_ID, "NXT_SET_CONTROLLER_ID",
+          sizeof(struct nx_controller_id), 0 },
     };
 
     static const struct ofputil_msg_category nxt_category = {
         "Nicira extension message",
         nxt_messages, ARRAY_SIZE(nxt_messages),
-        OFP_MKERR(OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, OFPBRC_BAD_SUBTYPE)
+        OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_SUBTYPE
     };
 
     const struct ofp_vendor_header *ovh;
     const struct nicira_header *nh;
 
+    if (length < sizeof(struct ofp_vendor_header)) {
+        if (length == ntohs(oh->length)) {
+            VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "truncated vendor message");
+        }
+        return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_LEN;
+    }
+
     ovh = (const struct ofp_vendor_header *) oh;
     if (ovh->vendor != htonl(NX_VENDOR_ID)) {
         VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "received vendor message for unknown "
                      "vendor %"PRIx32, ntohl(ovh->vendor));
-        return ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, OFPBRC_BAD_VENDOR);
+        return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_VENDOR;
     }
 
-    if (ntohs(ovh->header.length) < sizeof(struct nicira_header)) {
-        VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "received Nicira vendor message of "
-                     "length %u (expected at least %zu)",
-                     ntohs(ovh->header.length), sizeof(struct nicira_header));
-        return ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, OFPBRC_BAD_LEN);
+    if (length < sizeof(struct nicira_header)) {
+        if (length == ntohs(oh->length)) {
+            VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "received Nicira vendor message of "
+                         "length %u (expected at least %zu)",
+                         ntohs(ovh->header.length),
+                         sizeof(struct nicira_header));
+        }
+        return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_LEN;
     }
 
     nh = (const struct nicira_header *) oh;
-    return ofputil_lookup_openflow_message(&nxt_category, ntohl(nh->subtype),
-                                           ntohs(oh->length), typep);
+    return ofputil_lookup_openflow_message(&nxt_category, oh->version,
+                                           ntohl(nh->subtype), typep);
 }
 
-static int
-check_nxstats_msg(const struct ofp_header *oh)
+static enum ofperr
+check_nxstats_msg(const struct ofp_header *oh, size_t length)
 {
     const struct ofp_stats_msg *osm = (const struct ofp_stats_msg *) oh;
     ovs_be32 vendor;
 
+    if (length < sizeof(struct ofp_vendor_stats_msg)) {
+        if (length == ntohs(oh->length)) {
+            VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "truncated vendor stats message");
+        }
+        return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_LEN;
+    }
+
     memcpy(&vendor, osm + 1, sizeof vendor);
     if (vendor != htonl(NX_VENDOR_ID)) {
         VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "received vendor stats message for "
                      "unknown vendor %"PRIx32, ntohl(vendor));
-        return ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, OFPBRC_BAD_VENDOR);
+        return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_VENDOR;
     }
 
-    if (ntohs(osm->header.length) < sizeof(struct nicira_stats_msg)) {
-        VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "truncated Nicira stats message");
-        return ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, OFPBRC_BAD_LEN);
+    if (length < sizeof(struct nicira_stats_msg)) {
+        if (length == ntohs(osm->header.length)) {
+            VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "truncated Nicira stats message");
+        }
+        return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_LEN;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-ofputil_decode_nxst_request(const struct ofp_header *oh,
+static enum ofperr
+ofputil_decode_nxst_request(const struct ofp_header *oh, size_t length,
                             const struct ofputil_msg_type **typep)
 {
     static const struct ofputil_msg_type nxst_requests[] = {
-        { OFPUTIL_NXST_FLOW_REQUEST,
+        { OFPUTIL_NXST_FLOW_REQUEST, OFP10_VERSION,
           NXST_FLOW, "NXST_FLOW request",
           sizeof(struct nx_flow_stats_request), 8 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_NXST_AGGREGATE_REQUEST,
+        { OFPUTIL_NXST_AGGREGATE_REQUEST, OFP10_VERSION,
           NXST_AGGREGATE, "NXST_AGGREGATE request",
           sizeof(struct nx_aggregate_stats_request), 8 },
     };
@@ -448,33 +495,32 @@ ofputil_decode_nxst_request(const struct ofp_header *oh,
     static const struct ofputil_msg_category nxst_request_category = {
         "Nicira extension statistics request",
         nxst_requests, ARRAY_SIZE(nxst_requests),
-        OFP_MKERR(OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, OFPBRC_BAD_SUBTYPE)
+        OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_SUBTYPE
     };
 
     const struct nicira_stats_msg *nsm;
-    int error;
+    enum ofperr error;
 
-    error = check_nxstats_msg(oh);
+    error = check_nxstats_msg(oh, length);
     if (error) {
         return error;
     }
 
     nsm = (struct nicira_stats_msg *) oh;
-    return ofputil_lookup_openflow_message(&nxst_request_category,
-                                           ntohl(nsm->subtype),
-                                           ntohs(oh->length), typep);
+    return ofputil_lookup_openflow_message(&nxst_request_category, oh->version,
+                                           ntohl(nsm->subtype), typep);
 }
 
-static int
-ofputil_decode_nxst_reply(const struct ofp_header *oh,
+static enum ofperr
+ofputil_decode_nxst_reply(const struct ofp_header *oh, size_t length,
                           const struct ofputil_msg_type **typep)
 {
     static const struct ofputil_msg_type nxst_replies[] = {
-        { OFPUTIL_NXST_FLOW_REPLY,
+        { OFPUTIL_NXST_FLOW_REPLY, OFP10_VERSION,
           NXST_FLOW, "NXST_FLOW reply",
           sizeof(struct nicira_stats_msg), 8 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_NXST_AGGREGATE_REPLY,
+        { OFPUTIL_NXST_AGGREGATE_REPLY, OFP10_VERSION,
           NXST_AGGREGATE, "NXST_AGGREGATE reply",
           sizeof(struct nx_aggregate_stats_reply), 0 },
     };
@@ -482,53 +528,65 @@ ofputil_decode_nxst_reply(const struct ofp_header *oh,
     static const struct ofputil_msg_category nxst_reply_category = {
         "Nicira extension statistics reply",
         nxst_replies, ARRAY_SIZE(nxst_replies),
-        OFP_MKERR(OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, OFPBRC_BAD_SUBTYPE)
+        OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_SUBTYPE
     };
 
     const struct nicira_stats_msg *nsm;
-    int error;
+    enum ofperr error;
 
-    error = check_nxstats_msg(oh);
+    error = check_nxstats_msg(oh, length);
     if (error) {
         return error;
     }
 
     nsm = (struct nicira_stats_msg *) oh;
-    return ofputil_lookup_openflow_message(&nxst_reply_category,
-                                           ntohl(nsm->subtype),
-                                           ntohs(oh->length), typep);
+    return ofputil_lookup_openflow_message(&nxst_reply_category, oh->version,
+                                           ntohl(nsm->subtype), typep);
 }
 
-static int
-ofputil_decode_ofpst_request(const struct ofp_header *oh,
+static enum ofperr
+check_stats_msg(const struct ofp_header *oh, size_t length)
+{
+    if (length < sizeof(struct ofp_stats_msg)) {
+        if (length == ntohs(oh->length)) {
+            VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "truncated stats message");
+        }
+        return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_LEN;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static enum ofperr
+ofputil_decode_ofpst_request(const struct ofp_header *oh, size_t length,
                              const struct ofputil_msg_type **typep)
 {
     static const struct ofputil_msg_type ofpst_requests[] = {
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_DESC_REQUEST,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_DESC_REQUEST, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPST_DESC, "OFPST_DESC request",
           sizeof(struct ofp_stats_msg), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_FLOW_REQUEST,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_FLOW_REQUEST, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPST_FLOW, "OFPST_FLOW request",
           sizeof(struct ofp_flow_stats_request), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_AGGREGATE_REQUEST,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_AGGREGATE_REQUEST, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPST_AGGREGATE, "OFPST_AGGREGATE request",
           sizeof(struct ofp_flow_stats_request), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_TABLE_REQUEST,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_TABLE_REQUEST, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPST_TABLE, "OFPST_TABLE request",
           sizeof(struct ofp_stats_msg), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_PORT_REQUEST,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_PORT_REQUEST, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPST_PORT, "OFPST_PORT request",
           sizeof(struct ofp_port_stats_request), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_QUEUE_REQUEST,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_QUEUE_REQUEST, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPST_QUEUE, "OFPST_QUEUE request",
           sizeof(struct ofp_queue_stats_request), 0 },
 
-        { 0,
+        { 0, 0,
           OFPST_VENDOR, "OFPST_VENDOR request",
           sizeof(struct ofp_vendor_stats_msg), 1 },
     };
@@ -536,51 +594,56 @@ ofputil_decode_ofpst_request(const struct ofp_header *oh,
     static const struct ofputil_msg_category ofpst_request_category = {
         "OpenFlow statistics",
         ofpst_requests, ARRAY_SIZE(ofpst_requests),
-        OFP_MKERR(OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, OFPBRC_BAD_STAT)
+        OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_STAT
     };
 
     const struct ofp_stats_msg *request = (const struct ofp_stats_msg *) oh;
-    int error;
+    enum ofperr error;
+
+    error = check_stats_msg(oh, length);
+    if (error) {
+        return error;
+    }
 
     error = ofputil_lookup_openflow_message(&ofpst_request_category,
-                                            ntohs(request->type),
-                                            ntohs(oh->length), typep);
+                                            oh->version, ntohs(request->type),
+                                            typep);
     if (!error && request->type == htons(OFPST_VENDOR)) {
-        error = ofputil_decode_nxst_request(oh, typep);
+        error = ofputil_decode_nxst_request(oh, length, typep);
     }
     return error;
 }
 
-static int
-ofputil_decode_ofpst_reply(const struct ofp_header *oh,
+static enum ofperr
+ofputil_decode_ofpst_reply(const struct ofp_header *oh, size_t length,
                            const struct ofputil_msg_type **typep)
 {
     static const struct ofputil_msg_type ofpst_replies[] = {
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_DESC_REPLY,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_DESC_REPLY, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPST_DESC, "OFPST_DESC reply",
           sizeof(struct ofp_desc_stats), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_FLOW_REPLY,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_FLOW_REPLY, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPST_FLOW, "OFPST_FLOW reply",
           sizeof(struct ofp_stats_msg), 1 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_AGGREGATE_REPLY,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_AGGREGATE_REPLY, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPST_AGGREGATE, "OFPST_AGGREGATE reply",
           sizeof(struct ofp_aggregate_stats_reply), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_TABLE_REPLY,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_TABLE_REPLY, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPST_TABLE, "OFPST_TABLE reply",
           sizeof(struct ofp_stats_msg), sizeof(struct ofp_table_stats) },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_PORT_REPLY,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_PORT_REPLY, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPST_PORT, "OFPST_PORT reply",
           sizeof(struct ofp_stats_msg), sizeof(struct ofp_port_stats) },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_QUEUE_REPLY,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPST_QUEUE_REPLY, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPST_QUEUE, "OFPST_QUEUE reply",
           sizeof(struct ofp_stats_msg), sizeof(struct ofp_queue_stats) },
 
-        { 0,
+        { 0, 0,
           OFPST_VENDOR, "OFPST_VENDOR reply",
           sizeof(struct ofp_vendor_stats_msg), 1 },
     };
@@ -588,113 +651,107 @@ ofputil_decode_ofpst_reply(const struct ofp_header *oh,
     static const struct ofputil_msg_category ofpst_reply_category = {
         "OpenFlow statistics",
         ofpst_replies, ARRAY_SIZE(ofpst_replies),
-        OFP_MKERR(OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, OFPBRC_BAD_STAT)
+        OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_STAT
     };
 
     const struct ofp_stats_msg *reply = (const struct ofp_stats_msg *) oh;
-    int error;
+    enum ofperr error;
+
+    error = check_stats_msg(oh, length);
+    if (error) {
+        return error;
+    }
 
-    error = ofputil_lookup_openflow_message(&ofpst_reply_category,
-                                           ntohs(reply->type),
-                                           ntohs(oh->length), typep);
+    error = ofputil_lookup_openflow_message(&ofpst_reply_category, oh->version,
+                                           ntohs(reply->type), typep);
     if (!error && reply->type == htons(OFPST_VENDOR)) {
-        error = ofputil_decode_nxst_reply(oh, typep);
+        error = ofputil_decode_nxst_reply(oh, length, typep);
     }
     return error;
 }
 
-/* Decodes the message type represented by 'oh'.  Returns 0 if successful or
- * an OpenFlow error code constructed with ofp_mkerr() on failure.  Either
- * way, stores in '*typep' a type structure that can be inspected with the
- * ofputil_msg_type_*() functions.
- *
- * oh->length must indicate the correct length of the message (and must be at
- * least sizeof(struct ofp_header)).
- *
- * Success indicates that 'oh' is at least as long as the minimum-length
- * message of its type. */
-int
-ofputil_decode_msg_type(const struct ofp_header *oh,
-                        const struct ofputil_msg_type **typep)
+static enum ofperr
+ofputil_decode_msg_type__(const struct ofp_header *oh, size_t length,
+                          const struct ofputil_msg_type **typep)
 {
     static const struct ofputil_msg_type ofpt_messages[] = {
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_HELLO,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_HELLO, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_HELLO, "OFPT_HELLO",
           sizeof(struct ofp_hello), 1 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_ERROR,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_ERROR, 0,
           OFPT_ERROR, "OFPT_ERROR",
           sizeof(struct ofp_error_msg), 1 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_ECHO_REQUEST,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_ECHO_REQUEST, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_ECHO_REQUEST, "OFPT_ECHO_REQUEST",
           sizeof(struct ofp_header), 1 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_ECHO_REPLY,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_ECHO_REPLY, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_ECHO_REPLY, "OFPT_ECHO_REPLY",
           sizeof(struct ofp_header), 1 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_FEATURES_REQUEST,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_FEATURES_REQUEST, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_FEATURES_REQUEST, "OFPT_FEATURES_REQUEST",
           sizeof(struct ofp_header), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_FEATURES_REPLY,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_FEATURES_REPLY, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_FEATURES_REPLY, "OFPT_FEATURES_REPLY",
           sizeof(struct ofp_switch_features), sizeof(struct ofp_phy_port) },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_GET_CONFIG_REQUEST,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_GET_CONFIG_REQUEST, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_GET_CONFIG_REQUEST, "OFPT_GET_CONFIG_REQUEST",
           sizeof(struct ofp_header), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_GET_CONFIG_REPLY,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_GET_CONFIG_REPLY, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_GET_CONFIG_REPLY, "OFPT_GET_CONFIG_REPLY",
           sizeof(struct ofp_switch_config), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_SET_CONFIG,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_SET_CONFIG, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_SET_CONFIG, "OFPT_SET_CONFIG",
           sizeof(struct ofp_switch_config), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_PACKET_IN,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_PACKET_IN, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_PACKET_IN, "OFPT_PACKET_IN",
           offsetof(struct ofp_packet_in, data), 1 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED, "OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED",
           sizeof(struct ofp_flow_removed), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_PORT_STATUS,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_PORT_STATUS, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_PORT_STATUS, "OFPT_PORT_STATUS",
           sizeof(struct ofp_port_status), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_PACKET_OUT,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_PACKET_OUT, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_PACKET_OUT, "OFPT_PACKET_OUT",
           sizeof(struct ofp_packet_out), 1 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_FLOW_MOD,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_FLOW_MOD, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_FLOW_MOD, "OFPT_FLOW_MOD",
           sizeof(struct ofp_flow_mod), 1 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_PORT_MOD,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_PORT_MOD, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_PORT_MOD, "OFPT_PORT_MOD",
           sizeof(struct ofp_port_mod), 0 },
 
-        { 0,
+        { 0, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_STATS_REQUEST, "OFPT_STATS_REQUEST",
           sizeof(struct ofp_stats_msg), 1 },
 
-        { 0,
+        { 0, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_STATS_REPLY, "OFPT_STATS_REPLY",
           sizeof(struct ofp_stats_msg), 1 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_BARRIER_REQUEST,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_BARRIER_REQUEST, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_BARRIER_REQUEST, "OFPT_BARRIER_REQUEST",
           sizeof(struct ofp_header), 0 },
 
-        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_BARRIER_REPLY,
+        { OFPUTIL_OFPT_BARRIER_REPLY, OFP10_VERSION,
           OFPT_BARRIER_REPLY, "OFPT_BARRIER_REPLY",
           sizeof(struct ofp_header), 0 },
 
-        { 0,
+        { 0, 0,
           OFPT_VENDOR, "OFPT_VENDOR",
           sizeof(struct ofp_vendor_header), 1 },
     };
@@ -702,37 +759,73 @@ ofputil_decode_msg_type(const struct ofp_header *oh,
     static const struct ofputil_msg_category ofpt_category = {
         "OpenFlow message",
         ofpt_messages, ARRAY_SIZE(ofpt_messages),
-        OFP_MKERR(OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, OFPBRC_BAD_TYPE)
+        OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_TYPE
     };
 
-    int error;
+    enum ofperr error;
 
-    error = ofputil_lookup_openflow_message(&ofpt_category, oh->type,
-                                            ntohs(oh->length), typep);
+    error = ofputil_lookup_openflow_message(&ofpt_category, oh->version,
+                                            oh->type, typep);
     if (!error) {
         switch (oh->type) {
         case OFPT_VENDOR:
-            error = ofputil_decode_vendor(oh, typep);
+            error = ofputil_decode_vendor(oh, length, typep);
             break;
 
         case OFPT_STATS_REQUEST:
-            error = ofputil_decode_ofpst_request(oh, typep);
+            error = ofputil_decode_ofpst_request(oh, length, typep);
             break;
 
         case OFPT_STATS_REPLY:
-            error = ofputil_decode_ofpst_reply(oh, typep);
+            error = ofputil_decode_ofpst_reply(oh, length, typep);
 
         default:
             break;
         }
     }
+    return error;
+}
+
+/* Decodes the message type represented by 'oh'.  Returns 0 if successful or an
+ * OpenFlow error code on failure.  Either way, stores in '*typep' a type
+ * structure that can be inspected with the ofputil_msg_type_*() functions.
+ *
+ * oh->length must indicate the correct length of the message (and must be at
+ * least sizeof(struct ofp_header)).
+ *
+ * Success indicates that 'oh' is at least as long as the minimum-length
+ * message of its type. */
+enum ofperr
+ofputil_decode_msg_type(const struct ofp_header *oh,
+                        const struct ofputil_msg_type **typep)
+{
+    size_t length = ntohs(oh->length);
+    enum ofperr error;
+
+    error = ofputil_decode_msg_type__(oh, length, typep);
+    if (!error) {
+        error = ofputil_check_length(*typep, length);
+    }
     if (error) {
-        static const struct ofputil_msg_type ofputil_invalid_type = {
-            OFPUTIL_MSG_INVALID,
-            0, "OFPUTIL_MSG_INVALID",
-            0, 0
-        };
+        *typep = &ofputil_invalid_type;
+    }
+    return error;
+}
 
+/* Decodes the message type represented by 'oh', of which only the first
+ * 'length' bytes are available.  Returns 0 if successful or an OpenFlow error
+ * code on failure.  Either way, stores in '*typep' a type structure that can
+ * be inspected with the ofputil_msg_type_*() functions.  */
+enum ofperr
+ofputil_decode_msg_type_partial(const struct ofp_header *oh, size_t length,
+                                const struct ofputil_msg_type **typep)
+{
+    enum ofperr error;
+
+    error = (length >= sizeof *oh
+             ? ofputil_decode_msg_type__(oh, length, typep)
+             : OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_LEN);
+    if (error) {
         *typep = &ofputil_invalid_type;
     }
     return error;
@@ -780,6 +873,39 @@ ofputil_flow_format_from_string(const char *s)
             : -1);
 }
 
+bool
+ofputil_packet_in_format_is_valid(enum nx_packet_in_format packet_in_format)
+{
+    switch (packet_in_format) {
+    case NXPIF_OPENFLOW10:
+    case NXPIF_NXM:
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+const char *
+ofputil_packet_in_format_to_string(enum nx_packet_in_format packet_in_format)
+{
+    switch (packet_in_format) {
+    case NXPIF_OPENFLOW10:
+        return "openflow10";
+    case NXPIF_NXM:
+        return "nxm";
+    default:
+        NOT_REACHED();
+    }
+}
+
+int
+ofputil_packet_in_format_from_string(const char *s)
+{
+    return (!strcmp(s, "openflow10") ? NXPIF_OPENFLOW10
+            : !strcmp(s, "nxm") ? NXPIF_NXM
+            : -1);
+}
+
 static bool
 regs_fully_wildcarded(const struct flow_wildcards *wc)
 {
@@ -802,7 +928,7 @@ ofputil_min_flow_format(const struct cls_rule *rule)
 {
     const struct flow_wildcards *wc = &rule->wc;
 
-    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 1);
+    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 8);
 
     /* Only NXM supports separately wildcards the Ethernet multicast bit. */
     if (!(wc->wildcards & FWW_DL_DST) != !(wc->wildcards & FWW_ETH_MCAST)) {
@@ -830,6 +956,32 @@ ofputil_min_flow_format(const struct cls_rule *rule)
         return NXFF_NXM;
     }
 
+    /* Only NXM supports matching fragments. */
+    if (wc->nw_frag_mask) {
+        return NXFF_NXM;
+    }
+
+    /* Only NXM supports matching IPv6 flow label. */
+    if (!(wc->wildcards & FWW_IPV6_LABEL)) {
+        return NXFF_NXM;
+    }
+
+    /* Only NXM supports matching IP ECN bits. */
+    if (!(wc->wildcards & FWW_NW_ECN)) {
+        return NXFF_NXM;
+    }
+
+    /* Only NXM supports matching IP TTL/hop limit. */
+    if (!(wc->wildcards & FWW_NW_TTL)) {
+        return NXFF_NXM;
+    }
+
+    /* Only NXM supports bitwise matching on transport port. */
+    if ((wc->tp_src_mask && wc->tp_src_mask != htons(UINT16_MAX)) ||
+        (wc->tp_dst_mask && wc->tp_dst_mask != htons(UINT16_MAX))) {
+        return NXFF_NXM;
+    }
+
     /* Other formats can express this rule. */
     return NXFF_OPENFLOW10;
 }
@@ -839,7 +991,7 @@ ofputil_min_flow_format(const struct cls_rule *rule)
 struct ofpbuf *
 ofputil_make_set_flow_format(enum nx_flow_format flow_format)
 {
-    struct nxt_set_flow_format *sff;
+    struct nx_set_flow_format *sff;
     struct ofpbuf *msg;
 
     sff = make_nxmsg(sizeof *sff, NXT_SET_FLOW_FORMAT, &msg);
@@ -848,12 +1000,24 @@ ofputil_make_set_flow_format(enum nx_flow_format flow_format)
     return msg;
 }
 
+struct ofpbuf *
+ofputil_make_set_packet_in_format(enum nx_packet_in_format packet_in_format)
+{
+    struct nx_set_packet_in_format *spif;
+    struct ofpbuf *msg;
+
+    spif = make_nxmsg(sizeof *spif, NXT_SET_PACKET_IN_FORMAT, &msg);
+    spif->format = htonl(packet_in_format);
+
+    return msg;
+}
+
 /* Returns an OpenFlow message that can be used to turn the flow_mod_table_id
  * extension on or off (according to 'flow_mod_table_id'). */
 struct ofpbuf *
 ofputil_make_flow_mod_table_id(bool flow_mod_table_id)
 {
-    struct nxt_flow_mod_table_id *nfmti;
+    struct nx_flow_mod_table_id *nfmti;
     struct ofpbuf *msg;
 
     nfmti = make_nxmsg(sizeof *nfmti, NXT_FLOW_MOD_TABLE_ID, &msg);
@@ -869,7 +1033,7 @@ ofputil_make_flow_mod_table_id(bool flow_mod_table_id)
  * enabled, false otherwise.
  *
  * Does not validate the flow_mod actions. */
-int
+enum ofperr
 ofputil_decode_flow_mod(struct ofputil_flow_mod *fm,
                         const struct ofp_header *oh, bool flow_mod_table_id)
 {
@@ -884,7 +1048,7 @@ ofputil_decode_flow_mod(struct ofputil_flow_mod *fm,
         /* Standard OpenFlow flow_mod. */
         const struct ofp_flow_mod *ofm;
         uint16_t priority;
-        int error;
+        enum ofperr error;
 
         /* Dissect the message. */
         ofm = ofpbuf_pull(&b, sizeof *ofm);
@@ -908,6 +1072,7 @@ ofputil_decode_flow_mod(struct ofputil_flow_mod *fm,
 
         /* Translate the message. */
         fm->cookie = ofm->cookie;
+        fm->cookie_mask = htonll(UINT64_MAX);
         command = ntohs(ofm->command);
         fm->idle_timeout = ntohs(ofm->idle_timeout);
         fm->hard_timeout = ntohs(ofm->hard_timeout);
@@ -917,12 +1082,12 @@ ofputil_decode_flow_mod(struct ofputil_flow_mod *fm,
     } else if (ofputil_msg_type_code(type) == OFPUTIL_NXT_FLOW_MOD) {
         /* Nicira extended flow_mod. */
         const struct nx_flow_mod *nfm;
-        int error;
+        enum ofperr error;
 
         /* Dissect the message. */
         nfm = ofpbuf_pull(&b, sizeof *nfm);
         error = nx_pull_match(&b, ntohs(nfm->match_len), ntohs(nfm->priority),
-                              &fm->cr);
+                              &fm->cr, &fm->cookie, &fm->cookie_mask);
         if (error) {
             return error;
         }
@@ -932,8 +1097,18 @@ ofputil_decode_flow_mod(struct ofputil_flow_mod *fm,
         }
 
         /* Translate the message. */
-        fm->cookie = nfm->cookie;
         command = ntohs(nfm->command);
+        if (command == OFPFC_ADD) {
+            if (fm->cookie_mask) {
+                /* The "NXM_NX_COOKIE*" matches are not valid for flow
+                 * additions.  Additions must use the "cookie" field of
+                 * the "nx_flow_mod" structure. */
+                return OFPERR_NXBRC_NXM_INVALID;
+            } else {
+                fm->cookie = nfm->cookie;
+                fm->cookie_mask = htonll(UINT64_MAX);
+            }
+        }
         fm->idle_timeout = ntohs(nfm->idle_timeout);
         fm->hard_timeout = ntohs(nfm->hard_timeout);
         fm->buffer_id = ntohl(nfm->buffer_id);
@@ -992,11 +1167,16 @@ ofputil_encode_flow_mod(const struct ofputil_flow_mod *fm,
 
         msg = ofpbuf_new(sizeof *nfm + NXM_TYPICAL_LEN + actions_len);
         put_nxmsg(sizeof *nfm, NXT_FLOW_MOD, msg);
-        match_len = nx_put_match(msg, &fm->cr);
-
         nfm = msg->data;
-        nfm->cookie = fm->cookie;
         nfm->command = htons(command);
+        if (command == OFPFC_ADD) {
+            nfm->cookie = fm->cookie;
+            match_len = nx_put_match(msg, &fm->cr, 0, 0);
+        } else {
+            nfm->cookie = 0;
+            match_len = nx_put_match(msg, &fm->cr,
+                                     fm->cookie, fm->cookie_mask);
+        }
         nfm->idle_timeout = htons(fm->idle_timeout);
         nfm->hard_timeout = htons(fm->hard_timeout);
         nfm->priority = htons(fm->cr.priority);
@@ -1013,7 +1193,7 @@ ofputil_encode_flow_mod(const struct ofputil_flow_mod *fm,
     return msg;
 }
 
-static int
+static enum ofperr
 ofputil_decode_ofpst_flow_request(struct ofputil_flow_stats_request *fsr,
                                   const struct ofp_header *oh,
                                   bool aggregate)
@@ -1025,28 +1205,30 @@ ofputil_decode_ofpst_flow_request(struct ofputil_flow_stats_request *fsr,
     ofputil_cls_rule_from_match(&ofsr->match, 0, &fsr->match);
     fsr->out_port = ntohs(ofsr->out_port);
     fsr->table_id = ofsr->table_id;
+    fsr->cookie = fsr->cookie_mask = htonll(0);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
+static enum ofperr
 ofputil_decode_nxst_flow_request(struct ofputil_flow_stats_request *fsr,
                                  const struct ofp_header *oh,
                                  bool aggregate)
 {
     const struct nx_flow_stats_request *nfsr;
     struct ofpbuf b;
-    int error;
+    enum ofperr error;
 
     ofpbuf_use_const(&b, oh, ntohs(oh->length));
 
     nfsr = ofpbuf_pull(&b, sizeof *nfsr);
-    error = nx_pull_match(&b, ntohs(nfsr->match_len), 0, &fsr->match);
+    error = nx_pull_match(&b, ntohs(nfsr->match_len), 0, &fsr->match,
+                          &fsr->cookie, &fsr->cookie_mask);
     if (error) {
         return error;
     }
     if (b.size) {
-        return ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, OFPBRC_BAD_LEN);
+        return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_LEN;
     }
 
     fsr->aggregate = aggregate;
@@ -1059,7 +1241,7 @@ ofputil_decode_nxst_flow_request(struct ofputil_flow_stats_request *fsr,
 /* Converts an OFPST_FLOW, OFPST_AGGREGATE, NXST_FLOW, or NXST_AGGREGATE
  * request 'oh', into an abstract flow_stats_request in 'fsr'.  Returns 0 if
  * successful, otherwise an OpenFlow error code. */
-int
+enum ofperr
 ofputil_decode_flow_stats_request(struct ofputil_flow_stats_request *fsr,
                                   const struct ofp_header *oh)
 {
@@ -1115,7 +1297,8 @@ ofputil_encode_flow_stats_request(const struct ofputil_flow_stats_request *fsr,
 
         subtype = fsr->aggregate ? NXST_AGGREGATE : NXST_FLOW;
         ofputil_make_stats_request(sizeof *nfsr, OFPST_VENDOR, subtype, &msg);
-        match_len = nx_put_match(msg, &fsr->match);
+        match_len = nx_put_match(msg, &fsr->match,
+                                 fsr->cookie, fsr->cookie_mask);
 
         nfsr = msg->data;
         nfsr->out_port = htons(fsr->out_port);
@@ -1136,11 +1319,18 @@ ofputil_encode_flow_stats_request(const struct ofputil_flow_stats_request *fsr,
  * iterates through the replies.  The caller must initially leave 'msg''s layer
  * pointers null and not modify them between calls.
  *
+ * Most switches don't send the values needed to populate fs->idle_age and
+ * fs->hard_age, so those members will usually be set to 0.  If the switch from
+ * which 'msg' originated is known to implement NXT_FLOW_AGE, then pass
+ * 'flow_age_extension' as true so that the contents of 'msg' determine the
+ * 'idle_age' and 'hard_age' members in 'fs'.
+ *
  * Returns 0 if successful, EOF if no replies were left in this 'msg',
  * otherwise a positive errno value. */
 int
 ofputil_decode_flow_stats_reply(struct ofputil_flow_stats *fs,
-                                struct ofpbuf *msg)
+                                struct ofpbuf *msg,
+                                bool flow_age_extension)
 {
     const struct ofputil_msg_type *type;
     int code;
@@ -1191,6 +1381,8 @@ ofputil_decode_flow_stats_reply(struct ofputil_flow_stats *fs,
         fs->duration_nsec = ntohl(ofs->duration_nsec);
         fs->idle_timeout = ntohs(ofs->idle_timeout);
         fs->hard_timeout = ntohs(ofs->hard_timeout);
+        fs->idle_age = -1;
+        fs->hard_age = -1;
         fs->packet_count = ntohll(get_32aligned_be64(&ofs->packet_count));
         fs->byte_count = ntohll(get_32aligned_be64(&ofs->byte_count));
     } else if (code == OFPUTIL_NXST_FLOW_REPLY) {
@@ -1211,7 +1403,8 @@ ofputil_decode_flow_stats_reply(struct ofputil_flow_stats *fs,
                          "claims invalid length %zu", match_len, length);
             return EINVAL;
         }
-        if (nx_pull_match(msg, match_len, ntohs(nfs->priority), &fs->rule)) {
+        if (nx_pull_match(msg, match_len, ntohs(nfs->priority), &fs->rule,
+                          NULL, NULL)) {
             return EINVAL;
         }
 
@@ -1227,6 +1420,16 @@ ofputil_decode_flow_stats_reply(struct ofputil_flow_stats *fs,
         fs->duration_nsec = ntohl(nfs->duration_nsec);
         fs->idle_timeout = ntohs(nfs->idle_timeout);
         fs->hard_timeout = ntohs(nfs->hard_timeout);
+        fs->idle_age = -1;
+        fs->hard_age = -1;
+        if (flow_age_extension) {
+            if (nfs->idle_age) {
+                fs->idle_age = ntohs(nfs->idle_age) - 1;
+            }
+            if (nfs->hard_age) {
+                fs->hard_age = ntohs(nfs->hard_age) - 1;
+            }
+        }
         fs->packet_count = ntohll(nfs->packet_count);
         fs->byte_count = ntohll(nfs->byte_count);
     } else {
@@ -1295,8 +1498,13 @@ ofputil_append_flow_stats_reply(const struct ofputil_flow_stats *fs,
         nfs->priority = htons(fs->rule.priority);
         nfs->idle_timeout = htons(fs->idle_timeout);
         nfs->hard_timeout = htons(fs->hard_timeout);
-        nfs->match_len = htons(nx_put_match(msg, &fs->rule));
-        memset(nfs->pad2, 0, sizeof nfs->pad2);
+        nfs->idle_age = htons(fs->idle_age < 0 ? 0
+                              : fs->idle_age < UINT16_MAX ? fs->idle_age + 1
+                              : UINT16_MAX);
+        nfs->hard_age = htons(fs->hard_age < 0 ? 0
+                              : fs->hard_age < UINT16_MAX ? fs->hard_age + 1
+                              : UINT16_MAX);
+        nfs->match_len = htons(nx_put_match(msg, &fs->rule, 0, 0));
         nfs->cookie = fs->cookie;
         nfs->packet_count = htonll(fs->packet_count);
         nfs->byte_count = htonll(fs->byte_count);
@@ -1343,7 +1551,7 @@ ofputil_encode_aggregate_stats_reply(
 /* Converts an OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED or NXT_FLOW_REMOVED message 'oh' into an
  * abstract ofputil_flow_removed in 'fr'.  Returns 0 if successful, otherwise
  * an OpenFlow error code. */
-int
+enum ofperr
 ofputil_decode_flow_removed(struct ofputil_flow_removed *fr,
                             const struct ofp_header *oh)
 {
@@ -1374,12 +1582,12 @@ ofputil_decode_flow_removed(struct ofputil_flow_removed *fr,
 
         nfr = ofpbuf_pull(&b, sizeof *nfr);
         error = nx_pull_match(&b, ntohs(nfr->match_len), ntohs(nfr->priority),
-                              &fr->rule);
+                              &fr->rule, NULL, NULL);
         if (error) {
             return error;
         }
         if (b.size) {
-            return ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, OFPBRC_BAD_LEN);
+            return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_LEN;
         }
 
         fr->cookie = nfr->cookie;
@@ -1424,7 +1632,7 @@ ofputil_encode_flow_removed(const struct ofputil_flow_removed *fr,
         int match_len;
 
         make_nxmsg_xid(sizeof *nfr, NXT_FLOW_REMOVED, htonl(0), &msg);
-        match_len = nx_put_match(msg, &fr->rule);
+        match_len = nx_put_match(msg, &fr->rule, 0, 0);
 
         nfr = msg->data;
         nfr->cookie = fr->cookie;
@@ -1443,47 +1651,240 @@ ofputil_encode_flow_removed(const struct ofputil_flow_removed *fr,
     return msg;
 }
 
-/* Converts abstract ofputil_packet_in 'pin' into an OFPT_PACKET_IN message
- * and returns the message.
- *
- * If 'rw_packet' is NULL, the caller takes ownership of the newly allocated
- * returned ofpbuf.
- *
- * If 'rw_packet' is nonnull, then it must contain the same data as
- * pin->packet.  'rw_packet' is allowed to be the same ofpbuf as pin->packet.
- * It is modified in-place into an OFPT_PACKET_IN message according to 'pin',
- * and then ofputil_encode_packet_in() returns 'rw_packet'.  If 'rw_packet' has
- * enough headroom to insert a "struct ofp_packet_in", this is more efficient
- * than ofputil_encode_packet_in() because it does not copy the packet
- * payload. */
+int
+ofputil_decode_packet_in(struct ofputil_packet_in *pin,
+                         const struct ofp_header *oh)
+{
+    const struct ofputil_msg_type *type;
+    enum ofputil_msg_code code;
+
+    ofputil_decode_msg_type(oh, &type);
+    code = ofputil_msg_type_code(type);
+    memset(pin, 0, sizeof *pin);
+
+    if (code == OFPUTIL_OFPT_PACKET_IN) {
+        const struct ofp_packet_in *opi = (const struct ofp_packet_in *) oh;
+
+        pin->packet = opi->data;
+        pin->packet_len = ntohs(opi->header.length)
+            - offsetof(struct ofp_packet_in, data);
+
+        pin->fmd.in_port = ntohs(opi->in_port);
+        pin->reason = opi->reason;
+        pin->buffer_id = ntohl(opi->buffer_id);
+        pin->total_len = ntohs(opi->total_len);
+    } else if (code == OFPUTIL_NXT_PACKET_IN) {
+        const struct nx_packet_in *npi;
+        struct cls_rule rule;
+        struct ofpbuf b;
+        int error;
+
+        ofpbuf_use_const(&b, oh, ntohs(oh->length));
+
+        npi = ofpbuf_pull(&b, sizeof *npi);
+        error = nx_pull_match_loose(&b, ntohs(npi->match_len), 0, &rule, NULL,
+                              NULL);
+        if (error) {
+            return error;
+        }
+
+        if (!ofpbuf_try_pull(&b, 2)) {
+            return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_LEN;
+        }
+
+        pin->packet = b.data;
+        pin->packet_len = b.size;
+        pin->reason = npi->reason;
+        pin->table_id = npi->table_id;
+        pin->cookie = npi->cookie;
+
+        pin->fmd.in_port = rule.flow.in_port;
+
+        pin->fmd.tun_id = rule.flow.tun_id;
+        pin->fmd.tun_id_mask = rule.wc.tun_id_mask;
+
+        memcpy(pin->fmd.regs, rule.flow.regs, sizeof pin->fmd.regs);
+        memcpy(pin->fmd.reg_masks, rule.wc.reg_masks,
+               sizeof pin->fmd.reg_masks);
+
+        pin->buffer_id = ntohl(npi->buffer_id);
+        pin->total_len = ntohs(npi->total_len);
+    } else {
+        NOT_REACHED();
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Converts abstract ofputil_packet_in 'pin' into a PACKET_IN message
+ * in the format specified by 'packet_in_format'.  */
 struct ofpbuf *
 ofputil_encode_packet_in(const struct ofputil_packet_in *pin,
-                        struct ofpbuf *rw_packet)
+                         enum nx_packet_in_format packet_in_format)
 {
-    int total_len = pin->packet->size;
-    struct ofp_packet_in *opi;
+    size_t send_len = MIN(pin->send_len, pin->packet_len);
+    struct ofpbuf *packet;
 
-    if (rw_packet) {
-        if (pin->send_len < rw_packet->size) {
-            rw_packet->size = pin->send_len;
+    /* Add OFPT_PACKET_IN. */
+    if (packet_in_format == NXPIF_OPENFLOW10) {
+        size_t header_len = offsetof(struct ofp_packet_in, data);
+        struct ofp_packet_in *opi;
+
+        packet = ofpbuf_new(send_len + header_len);
+        opi = ofpbuf_put_zeros(packet, header_len);
+        opi->header.version = OFP_VERSION;
+        opi->header.type = OFPT_PACKET_IN;
+        opi->total_len = htons(pin->total_len);
+        opi->in_port = htons(pin->fmd.in_port);
+        opi->reason = pin->reason;
+        opi->buffer_id = htonl(pin->buffer_id);
+
+        ofpbuf_put(packet, pin->packet, send_len);
+    } else if (packet_in_format == NXPIF_NXM) {
+        struct nx_packet_in *npi;
+        struct cls_rule rule;
+        size_t match_len;
+        size_t i;
+
+        /* Estimate of required PACKET_IN length includes the NPI header, space
+         * for the match (2 times sizeof the metadata seems like enough), 2
+         * bytes for padding, and the packet length. */
+        packet = ofpbuf_new(sizeof *npi + sizeof(struct flow_metadata) * 2
+                            + 2 + send_len);
+
+        cls_rule_init_catchall(&rule, 0);
+        cls_rule_set_tun_id_masked(&rule, pin->fmd.tun_id,
+                                   pin->fmd.tun_id_mask);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < FLOW_N_REGS; i++) {
+            cls_rule_set_reg_masked(&rule, i, pin->fmd.regs[i],
+                                    pin->fmd.reg_masks[i]);
         }
+
+        cls_rule_set_in_port(&rule, pin->fmd.in_port);
+
+        ofpbuf_put_zeros(packet, sizeof *npi);
+        match_len = nx_put_match(packet, &rule, 0, 0);
+        ofpbuf_put_zeros(packet, 2);
+        ofpbuf_put(packet, pin->packet, send_len);
+
+        npi = packet->data;
+        npi->nxh.header.version = OFP_VERSION;
+        npi->nxh.header.type = OFPT_VENDOR;
+        npi->nxh.vendor = htonl(NX_VENDOR_ID);
+        npi->nxh.subtype = htonl(NXT_PACKET_IN);
+
+        npi->buffer_id = htonl(pin->buffer_id);
+        npi->total_len = htons(pin->total_len);
+        npi->reason = pin->reason;
+        npi->table_id = pin->table_id;
+        npi->cookie = pin->cookie;
+        npi->match_len = htons(match_len);
     } else {
-        rw_packet = ofpbuf_clone_data_with_headroom(
-            pin->packet->data, MIN(pin->send_len, pin->packet->size),
-            offsetof(struct ofp_packet_in, data));
+        NOT_REACHED();
     }
+    update_openflow_length(packet);
 
-    /* Add OFPT_PACKET_IN. */
-    opi = ofpbuf_push_zeros(rw_packet, offsetof(struct ofp_packet_in, data));
-    opi->header.version = OFP_VERSION;
-    opi->header.type = OFPT_PACKET_IN;
-    opi->total_len = htons(total_len);
-    opi->in_port = htons(pin->in_port);
-    opi->reason = pin->reason;
-    opi->buffer_id = htonl(pin->buffer_id);
-    update_openflow_length(rw_packet);
+    return packet;
+}
+
+const char *
+ofputil_packet_in_reason_to_string(enum ofp_packet_in_reason reason)
+{
+    static char s[INT_STRLEN(int) + 1];
+
+    switch (reason) {
+    case OFPR_NO_MATCH:
+        return "no_match";
+    case OFPR_ACTION:
+        return "action";
+    case OFPR_INVALID_TTL:
+        return "invalid_ttl";
+
+    case OFPR_N_REASONS:
+    default:
+        sprintf(s, "%d", (int) reason);
+        return s;
+    }
+}
+
+bool
+ofputil_packet_in_reason_from_string(const char *s,
+                                     enum ofp_packet_in_reason *reason)
+{
+    int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < OFPR_N_REASONS; i++) {
+        if (!strcasecmp(s, ofputil_packet_in_reason_to_string(i))) {
+            *reason = i;
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+enum ofperr
+ofputil_decode_packet_out(struct ofputil_packet_out *po,
+                          const struct ofp_packet_out *opo)
+{
+    enum ofperr error;
+    struct ofpbuf b;
+
+    po->buffer_id = ntohl(opo->buffer_id);
+    po->in_port = ntohs(opo->in_port);
+    if (po->in_port >= OFPP_MAX && po->in_port != OFPP_LOCAL
+        && po->in_port != OFPP_NONE) {
+        VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "packet-out has bad input port %#"PRIx16,
+                     po->in_port);
+        return OFPERR_NXBRC_BAD_IN_PORT;
+    }
+
+    ofpbuf_use_const(&b, opo, ntohs(opo->header.length));
+    ofpbuf_pull(&b, sizeof *opo);
 
-    return rw_packet;
+    error = ofputil_pull_actions(&b, ntohs(opo->actions_len),
+                                 &po->actions, &po->n_actions);
+    if (error) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    if (po->buffer_id == UINT32_MAX) {
+        po->packet = b.data;
+        po->packet_len = b.size;
+    } else {
+        po->packet = NULL;
+        po->packet_len = 0;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+struct ofpbuf *
+ofputil_encode_packet_out(const struct ofputil_packet_out *po)
+{
+    struct ofp_packet_out *opo;
+    size_t actions_len;
+    struct ofpbuf *msg;
+    size_t size;
+
+    actions_len = po->n_actions * sizeof *po->actions;
+    size = sizeof *opo + actions_len;
+    if (po->buffer_id == UINT32_MAX) {
+        size += po->packet_len;
+    }
+
+    msg = ofpbuf_new(size);
+    opo = put_openflow(sizeof *opo, OFPT_PACKET_OUT, msg);
+    opo->buffer_id = htonl(po->buffer_id);
+    opo->in_port = htons(po->in_port);
+    opo->actions_len = htons(actions_len);
+    ofpbuf_put(msg, po->actions, actions_len);
+    if (po->buffer_id == UINT32_MAX) {
+        ofpbuf_put(msg, po->packet, po->packet_len);
+    }
+    update_openflow_length(msg);
+
+    return msg;
 }
 
 /* Returns a string representing the message type of 'type'.  The string is the
@@ -1835,10 +2236,7 @@ make_add_simple_flow(const struct cls_rule *rule,
         struct ofpbuf *buffer;
 
         buffer = make_add_flow(rule, buffer_id, idle_timeout, sizeof *oao);
-        oao = ofpbuf_put_zeros(buffer, sizeof *oao);
-        oao->type = htons(OFPAT_OUTPUT);
-        oao->len = htons(sizeof *oao);
-        oao->port = htons(out_port);
+        ofputil_put_OFPAT_OUTPUT(buffer)->port = htons(out_port);
         return buffer;
     } else {
         return make_add_flow(rule, buffer_id, idle_timeout, 0);
@@ -1867,59 +2265,6 @@ make_packet_in(uint32_t buffer_id, uint16_t in_port, uint8_t reason,
     return buf;
 }
 
-struct ofpbuf *
-make_packet_out(const struct ofpbuf *packet, uint32_t buffer_id,
-                uint16_t in_port,
-                const struct ofp_action_header *actions, size_t n_actions)
-{
-    size_t actions_len = n_actions * sizeof *actions;
-    struct ofp_packet_out *opo;
-    size_t size = sizeof *opo + actions_len + (packet ? packet->size : 0);
-    struct ofpbuf *out = ofpbuf_new(size);
-
-    opo = ofpbuf_put_uninit(out, sizeof *opo);
-    opo->header.version = OFP_VERSION;
-    opo->header.type = OFPT_PACKET_OUT;
-    opo->header.length = htons(size);
-    opo->header.xid = htonl(0);
-    opo->buffer_id = htonl(buffer_id);
-    opo->in_port = htons(in_port == OVSP_LOCAL ? OFPP_LOCAL : in_port);
-    opo->actions_len = htons(actions_len);
-    ofpbuf_put(out, actions, actions_len);
-    if (packet) {
-        ofpbuf_put(out, packet->data, packet->size);
-    }
-    return out;
-}
-
-struct ofpbuf *
-make_unbuffered_packet_out(const struct ofpbuf *packet,
-                           uint16_t in_port, uint16_t out_port)
-{
-    struct ofp_action_output action;
-    action.type = htons(OFPAT_OUTPUT);
-    action.len = htons(sizeof action);
-    action.port = htons(out_port);
-    return make_packet_out(packet, UINT32_MAX, in_port,
-                           (struct ofp_action_header *) &action, 1);
-}
-
-struct ofpbuf *
-make_buffered_packet_out(uint32_t buffer_id,
-                         uint16_t in_port, uint16_t out_port)
-{
-    if (out_port != OFPP_NONE) {
-        struct ofp_action_output action;
-        action.type = htons(OFPAT_OUTPUT);
-        action.len = htons(sizeof action);
-        action.port = htons(out_port);
-        return make_packet_out(NULL, buffer_id, in_port,
-                               (struct ofp_action_header *) &action, 1);
-    } else {
-        return make_packet_out(NULL, buffer_id, in_port, NULL, 0);
-    }
-}
-
 /* Creates and returns an OFPT_ECHO_REQUEST message with an empty payload. */
 struct ofpbuf *
 make_echo_request(void)
@@ -1946,10 +2291,49 @@ make_echo_reply(const struct ofp_header *rq)
     return out;
 }
 
+struct ofpbuf *
+ofputil_encode_barrier_request(void)
+{
+    struct ofpbuf *msg;
+
+    make_openflow(sizeof(struct ofp_header), OFPT_BARRIER_REQUEST, &msg);
+    return msg;
+}
+
+const char *
+ofputil_frag_handling_to_string(enum ofp_config_flags flags)
+{
+    switch (flags & OFPC_FRAG_MASK) {
+    case OFPC_FRAG_NORMAL:   return "normal";
+    case OFPC_FRAG_DROP:     return "drop";
+    case OFPC_FRAG_REASM:    return "reassemble";
+    case OFPC_FRAG_NX_MATCH: return "nx-match";
+    }
+
+    NOT_REACHED();
+}
+
+bool
+ofputil_frag_handling_from_string(const char *s, enum ofp_config_flags *flags)
+{
+    if (!strcasecmp(s, "normal")) {
+        *flags = OFPC_FRAG_NORMAL;
+    } else if (!strcasecmp(s, "drop")) {
+        *flags = OFPC_FRAG_DROP;
+    } else if (!strcasecmp(s, "reassemble")) {
+        *flags = OFPC_FRAG_REASM;
+    } else if (!strcasecmp(s, "nx-match")) {
+        *flags = OFPC_FRAG_NX_MATCH;
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 /* Checks that 'port' is a valid output port for the OFPAT_OUTPUT action, given
  * that the switch will never have more than 'max_ports' ports.  Returns 0 if
- * 'port' is valid, otherwise an ofp_mkerr() return code. */
-int
+ * 'port' is valid, otherwise an OpenFlow return code. */
+enum ofperr
 ofputil_check_output_port(uint16_t port, int max_ports)
 {
     switch (port) {
@@ -1966,36 +2350,99 @@ ofputil_check_output_port(uint16_t port, int max_ports)
         if (port < max_ports) {
             return 0;
         }
-        return ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_ACTION, OFPBAC_BAD_OUT_PORT);
+        return OFPERR_OFPBAC_BAD_OUT_PORT;
     }
 }
 
-static int
+#define OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORTS                     \
+        OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORT(IN_PORT)             \
+        OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORT(TABLE)               \
+        OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORT(NORMAL)              \
+        OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORT(FLOOD)               \
+        OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORT(ALL)                 \
+        OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORT(CONTROLLER)          \
+        OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORT(LOCAL)               \
+        OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORT(NONE)
+
+/* Checks whether 's' is the string representation of an OpenFlow port number,
+ * either as an integer or a string name (e.g. "LOCAL").  If it is, stores the
+ * number in '*port' and returns true.  Otherwise, returns false. */
+bool
+ofputil_port_from_string(const char *name, uint16_t *port)
+{
+    struct pair {
+        const char *name;
+        uint16_t value;
+    };
+    static const struct pair pairs[] = {
+#define OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORT(NAME) {#NAME, OFPP_##NAME},
+        OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORTS
+#undef OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORT
+    };
+    static const int n_pairs = ARRAY_SIZE(pairs);
+    int i;
+
+    if (str_to_int(name, 0, &i) && i >= 0 && i < UINT16_MAX) {
+        *port = i;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n_pairs; i++) {
+        if (!strcasecmp(name, pairs[i].name)) {
+            *port = pairs[i].value;
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+/* Appends to 's' a string representation of the OpenFlow port number 'port'.
+ * Most ports' string representation is just the port number, but for special
+ * ports, e.g. OFPP_LOCAL, it is the name, e.g. "LOCAL". */
+void
+ofputil_format_port(uint16_t port, struct ds *s)
+{
+    const char *name;
+
+    switch (port) {
+#define OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORT(NAME) case OFPP_##NAME: name = #NAME; break;
+        OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORTS
+#undef OFPUTIL_NAMED_PORT
+
+    default:
+        ds_put_format(s, "%"PRIu16, port);
+        return;
+    }
+    ds_put_cstr(s, name);
+}
+
+static enum ofperr
 check_resubmit_table(const struct nx_action_resubmit *nar)
 {
     if (nar->pad[0] || nar->pad[1] || nar->pad[2]) {
-        return ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_ACTION, OFPBAC_BAD_ARGUMENT);
+        return OFPERR_OFPBAC_BAD_ARGUMENT;
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
+static enum ofperr
 check_output_reg(const struct nx_action_output_reg *naor,
                  const struct flow *flow)
 {
+    struct mf_subfield src;
     size_t i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < sizeof naor->zero; i++) {
         if (naor->zero[i]) {
-            return ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_ACTION, OFPBAC_BAD_ARGUMENT);
+            return OFPERR_OFPBAC_BAD_ARGUMENT;
         }
     }
 
-    return nxm_src_check(naor->src, nxm_decode_ofs(naor->ofs_nbits),
-                         nxm_decode_n_bits(naor->ofs_nbits), flow);
+    nxm_decode(&src, naor->src, naor->ofs_nbits);
+    return mf_check_src(&src, flow);
 }
 
-int
+enum ofperr
 validate_actions(const union ofp_action *actions, size_t n_actions,
                  const struct flow *flow, int max_ports)
 {
@@ -2003,20 +2450,16 @@ validate_actions(const union ofp_action *actions, size_t n_actions,
     size_t left;
 
     OFPUTIL_ACTION_FOR_EACH (a, left, actions, n_actions) {
+        enum ofperr error;
         uint16_t port;
-        int error;
         int code;
 
         code = ofputil_decode_action(a);
         if (code < 0) {
-            char *msg;
-
             error = -code;
-            msg = ofputil_error_to_string(error);
             VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl,
                          "action decoding error at offset %td (%s)",
-                         (a - actions) * sizeof *a, msg);
-            free(msg);
+                         (a - actions) * sizeof *a, ofperr_get_name(error));
 
             return error;
         }
@@ -2030,20 +2473,21 @@ validate_actions(const union ofp_action *actions, size_t n_actions,
 
         case OFPUTIL_OFPAT_SET_VLAN_VID:
             if (a->vlan_vid.vlan_vid & ~htons(0xfff)) {
-                error = ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_ACTION, OFPBAC_BAD_ARGUMENT);
+                error = OFPERR_OFPBAC_BAD_ARGUMENT;
             }
             break;
 
         case OFPUTIL_OFPAT_SET_VLAN_PCP:
             if (a->vlan_pcp.vlan_pcp & ~7) {
-                error = ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_ACTION, OFPBAC_BAD_ARGUMENT);
+                error = OFPERR_OFPBAC_BAD_ARGUMENT;
             }
             break;
 
         case OFPUTIL_OFPAT_ENQUEUE:
             port = ntohs(((const struct ofp_action_enqueue *) a)->port);
-            if (port >= max_ports && port != OFPP_IN_PORT) {
-                error = ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_ACTION, OFPBAC_BAD_OUT_PORT);
+            if (port >= max_ports && port != OFPP_IN_PORT
+                && port != OFPP_LOCAL) {
+                error = OFPERR_OFPBAC_BAD_OUT_PORT;
             }
             break;
 
@@ -2083,6 +2527,16 @@ validate_actions(const union ofp_action *actions, size_t n_actions,
                 (const struct nx_action_resubmit *) a);
             break;
 
+        case OFPUTIL_NXAST_LEARN:
+            error = learn_check((const struct nx_action_learn *) a, flow);
+            break;
+
+        case OFPUTIL_NXAST_CONTROLLER:
+            if (((const struct nx_action_controller *) a)->zero) {
+                error = OFPERR_NXBAC_MUST_BE_ZERO;
+            }
+            break;
+
         case OFPUTIL_OFPAT_STRIP_VLAN:
         case OFPUTIL_OFPAT_SET_NW_SRC:
         case OFPUTIL_OFPAT_SET_NW_DST:
@@ -2097,21 +2551,22 @@ validate_actions(const union ofp_action *actions, size_t n_actions,
         case OFPUTIL_NXAST_POP_QUEUE:
         case OFPUTIL_NXAST_NOTE:
         case OFPUTIL_NXAST_SET_TUNNEL64:
+        case OFPUTIL_NXAST_EXIT:
+        case OFPUTIL_NXAST_DEC_TTL:
+        case OFPUTIL_NXAST_FIN_TIMEOUT:
             break;
         }
 
         if (error) {
-            char *msg = ofputil_error_to_string(error);
             VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "bad action at offset %td (%s)",
-                         (a - actions) * sizeof *a, msg);
-            free(msg);
+                         (a - actions) * sizeof *a, ofperr_get_name(error));
             return error;
         }
     }
     if (left) {
         VLOG_WARN_RL(&bad_ofmsg_rl, "bad action format at offset %zu",
                      (n_actions - left) * sizeof *a);
-        return ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_ACTION, OFPBAC_BAD_LEN);
+        return OFPERR_OFPBAC_BAD_LEN;
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2123,11 +2578,11 @@ struct ofputil_action {
 };
 
 static const struct ofputil_action action_bad_type
-    = { -OFP_MKERR(OFPET_BAD_ACTION, OFPBAC_BAD_TYPE),   0, UINT_MAX };
+    = { -OFPERR_OFPBAC_BAD_TYPE,   0, UINT_MAX };
 static const struct ofputil_action action_bad_len
-    = { -OFP_MKERR(OFPET_BAD_ACTION, OFPBAC_BAD_LEN),    0, UINT_MAX };
+    = { -OFPERR_OFPBAC_BAD_LEN,    0, UINT_MAX };
 static const struct ofputil_action action_bad_vendor
-    = { -OFP_MKERR(OFPET_BAD_ACTION, OFPBAC_BAD_VENDOR), 0, UINT_MAX };
+    = { -OFPERR_OFPBAC_BAD_VENDOR, 0, UINT_MAX };
 
 static const struct ofputil_action *
 ofputil_decode_ofpat_action(const union ofp_action *a)
@@ -2135,26 +2590,16 @@ ofputil_decode_ofpat_action(const union ofp_action *a)
     enum ofp_action_type type = ntohs(a->type);
 
     switch (type) {
-#define OFPAT_ACTION(ENUM, TYPE)                            \
+#define OFPAT_ACTION(ENUM, STRUCT, NAME)                    \
         case ENUM: {                                        \
             static const struct ofputil_action action = {   \
-                OFPUTIL_##ENUM, sizeof(TYPE), sizeof(TYPE)  \
+                OFPUTIL_##ENUM,                             \
+                sizeof(struct STRUCT),                      \
+                sizeof(struct STRUCT)                       \
             };                                              \
             return &action;                                 \
         }
-        OFPAT_ACTION(OFPAT_OUTPUT,       struct ofp_action_output);
-        OFPAT_ACTION(OFPAT_SET_VLAN_VID, struct ofp_action_vlan_vid);
-        OFPAT_ACTION(OFPAT_SET_VLAN_PCP, struct ofp_action_vlan_pcp);
-        OFPAT_ACTION(OFPAT_STRIP_VLAN,   struct ofp_action_header);
-        OFPAT_ACTION(OFPAT_SET_DL_SRC,   struct ofp_action_dl_addr);
-        OFPAT_ACTION(OFPAT_SET_DL_DST,   struct ofp_action_dl_addr);
-        OFPAT_ACTION(OFPAT_SET_NW_SRC,   struct ofp_action_nw_addr);
-        OFPAT_ACTION(OFPAT_SET_NW_DST,   struct ofp_action_nw_addr);
-        OFPAT_ACTION(OFPAT_SET_NW_TOS,   struct ofp_action_nw_tos);
-        OFPAT_ACTION(OFPAT_SET_TP_SRC,   struct ofp_action_tp_port);
-        OFPAT_ACTION(OFPAT_SET_TP_DST,   struct ofp_action_tp_port);
-        OFPAT_ACTION(OFPAT_ENQUEUE,      struct ofp_action_enqueue);
-#undef OFPAT_ACTION
+#include "ofp-util.def"
 
     case OFPAT_VENDOR:
     default:
@@ -2169,30 +2614,16 @@ ofputil_decode_nxast_action(const union ofp_action *a)
     enum nx_action_subtype subtype = ntohs(nah->subtype);
 
     switch (subtype) {
-#define NXAST_ACTION(ENUM, TYPE, EXTENSIBLE)                \
-        case ENUM: {                                        \
-            static const struct ofputil_action action = {   \
-                OFPUTIL_##ENUM,                             \
-                sizeof(TYPE),                               \
-                EXTENSIBLE ? UINT_MAX : sizeof(TYPE)        \
-            };                                              \
-            return &action;                                 \
+#define NXAST_ACTION(ENUM, STRUCT, EXTENSIBLE, NAME)            \
+        case ENUM: {                                            \
+            static const struct ofputil_action action = {       \
+                OFPUTIL_##ENUM,                                 \
+                sizeof(struct STRUCT),                          \
+                EXTENSIBLE ? UINT_MAX : sizeof(struct STRUCT)   \
+            };                                                  \
+            return &action;                                     \
         }
-        NXAST_ACTION(NXAST_RESUBMIT,     struct nx_action_resubmit,     false);
-        NXAST_ACTION(NXAST_SET_TUNNEL,   struct nx_action_set_tunnel,   false);
-        NXAST_ACTION(NXAST_SET_QUEUE,    struct nx_action_set_queue,    false);
-        NXAST_ACTION(NXAST_POP_QUEUE,    struct nx_action_pop_queue,    false);
-        NXAST_ACTION(NXAST_REG_MOVE,     struct nx_action_reg_move,     false);
-        NXAST_ACTION(NXAST_REG_LOAD,     struct nx_action_reg_load,     false);
-        NXAST_ACTION(NXAST_NOTE,         struct nx_action_note,         true);
-        NXAST_ACTION(NXAST_SET_TUNNEL64, struct nx_action_set_tunnel64, false);
-        NXAST_ACTION(NXAST_MULTIPATH,    struct nx_action_multipath,    false);
-        NXAST_ACTION(NXAST_AUTOPATH,     struct nx_action_autopath,     false);
-        NXAST_ACTION(NXAST_BUNDLE,       struct nx_action_bundle,       true);
-        NXAST_ACTION(NXAST_BUNDLE_LOAD,  struct nx_action_bundle,       true);
-        NXAST_ACTION(NXAST_RESUBMIT_TABLE, struct nx_action_resubmit,   false);
-        NXAST_ACTION(NXAST_OUTPUT_REG,   struct nx_action_output_reg,   false);
-#undef NXAST_ACTION
+#include "ofp-util.def"
 
     case NXAST_SNAT__OBSOLETE:
     case NXAST_DROP_SPOOFED_ARP__OBSOLETE:
@@ -2202,8 +2633,8 @@ ofputil_decode_nxast_action(const union ofp_action *a)
 }
 
 /* Parses 'a' to determine its type.  Returns a nonnegative OFPUTIL_OFPAT_* or
- * OFPUTIL_NXAST_* constant if successful, otherwise a negative OpenFlow error
- * code (as returned by ofp_mkerr()).
+ * OFPUTIL_NXAST_* constant if successful, otherwise a negative OFPERR_* error
+ * code.
  *
  * The caller must have already verified that 'a''s length is correct (that is,
  * a->header.len is nonzero and a multiple of sizeof(union ofp_action) and no
@@ -2223,7 +2654,7 @@ ofputil_decode_action(const union ofp_action *a)
         switch (ntohl(a->vendor.vendor)) {
         case NX_VENDOR_ID:
             if (len < sizeof(struct nx_action_header)) {
-                return -ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_ACTION, OFPBAC_BAD_LEN);
+                return -OFPERR_OFPBAC_BAD_LEN;
             }
             action = ofputil_decode_nxast_action(a);
             break;
@@ -2235,7 +2666,7 @@ ofputil_decode_action(const union ofp_action *a)
 
     return (len >= action->min_len && len <= action->max_len
             ? action->code
-            : -ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_ACTION, OFPBAC_BAD_LEN));
+            : -OFPERR_OFPBAC_BAD_LEN);
 }
 
 /* Parses 'a' and returns its type as an OFPUTIL_OFPAT_* or OFPUTIL_NXAST_*
@@ -2256,6 +2687,84 @@ ofputil_decode_action_unsafe(const union ofp_action *a)
     return action->code;
 }
 
+/* Returns the 'enum ofputil_action_code' corresponding to 'name' (e.g. if
+ * 'name' is "output" then the return value is OFPUTIL_OFPAT_OUTPUT), or -1 if
+ * 'name' is not the name of any action.
+ *
+ * ofp-util.def lists the mapping from names to action. */
+int
+ofputil_action_code_from_name(const char *name)
+{
+    static const char *names[OFPUTIL_N_ACTIONS] = {
+#define OFPAT_ACTION(ENUM, STRUCT, NAME)             NAME,
+#define NXAST_ACTION(ENUM, STRUCT, EXTENSIBLE, NAME) NAME,
+#include "ofp-util.def"
+    };
+
+    const char **p;
+
+    for (p = names; p < &names[ARRAY_SIZE(names)]; p++) {
+        if (*p && !strcasecmp(name, *p)) {
+            return p - names;
+        }
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/* Appends an action of the type specified by 'code' to 'buf' and returns the
+ * action.  Initializes the parts of 'action' that identify it as having type
+ * <ENUM> and length 'sizeof *action' and zeros the rest.  For actions that
+ * have variable length, the length used and cleared is that of struct
+ * <STRUCT>.  */
+void *
+ofputil_put_action(enum ofputil_action_code code, struct ofpbuf *buf)
+{
+    switch (code) {
+#define OFPAT_ACTION(ENUM, STRUCT, NAME)                    \
+    case OFPUTIL_##ENUM: return ofputil_put_##ENUM(buf);
+#define NXAST_ACTION(ENUM, STRUCT, EXTENSIBLE, NAME)        \
+    case OFPUTIL_##ENUM: return ofputil_put_##ENUM(buf);
+#include "ofp-util.def"
+    }
+    NOT_REACHED();
+}
+
+#define OFPAT_ACTION(ENUM, STRUCT, NAME)                        \
+    void                                                        \
+    ofputil_init_##ENUM(struct STRUCT *s)                       \
+    {                                                           \
+        memset(s, 0, sizeof *s);                                \
+        s->type = htons(ENUM);                                  \
+        s->len = htons(sizeof *s);                              \
+    }                                                           \
+                                                                \
+    struct STRUCT *                                             \
+    ofputil_put_##ENUM(struct ofpbuf *buf)                      \
+    {                                                           \
+        struct STRUCT *s = ofpbuf_put_uninit(buf, sizeof *s);   \
+        ofputil_init_##ENUM(s);                                 \
+        return s;                                               \
+    }
+#define NXAST_ACTION(ENUM, STRUCT, EXTENSIBLE, NAME)            \
+    void                                                        \
+    ofputil_init_##ENUM(struct STRUCT *s)                       \
+    {                                                           \
+        memset(s, 0, sizeof *s);                                \
+        s->type = htons(OFPAT_VENDOR);                          \
+        s->len = htons(sizeof *s);                              \
+        s->vendor = htonl(NX_VENDOR_ID);                        \
+        s->subtype = htons(ENUM);                               \
+    }                                                           \
+                                                                \
+    struct STRUCT *                                             \
+    ofputil_put_##ENUM(struct ofpbuf *buf)                      \
+    {                                                           \
+        struct STRUCT *s = ofpbuf_put_uninit(buf, sizeof *s);   \
+        ofputil_init_##ENUM(s);                                 \
+        return s;                                               \
+    }
+#include "ofp-util.def"
+
 /* Returns true if 'action' outputs to 'port', false otherwise. */
 bool
 action_outputs_to_port(const union ofp_action *action, ovs_be16 port)
@@ -2295,10 +2804,10 @@ ofputil_normalize_rule(struct cls_rule *rule, enum nx_flow_format flow_format)
         MAY_NW_ADDR     = 1 << 0, /* nw_src, nw_dst */
         MAY_TP_ADDR     = 1 << 1, /* tp_src, tp_dst */
         MAY_NW_PROTO    = 1 << 2, /* nw_proto */
-        MAY_NW_TOS      = 1 << 3, /* nw_tos */
+        MAY_IPVx        = 1 << 3, /* tos, frag, ttl */
         MAY_ARP_SHA     = 1 << 4, /* arp_sha */
         MAY_ARP_THA     = 1 << 5, /* arp_tha */
-        MAY_IPV6_ADDR   = 1 << 6, /* ipv6_src, ipv6_dst */
+        MAY_IPV6        = 1 << 6, /* ipv6_src, ipv6_dst, ipv6_label */
         MAY_ND_TARGET   = 1 << 7  /* nd_target */
     } may_match;
 
@@ -2306,7 +2815,7 @@ ofputil_normalize_rule(struct cls_rule *rule, enum nx_flow_format flow_format)
 
     /* Figure out what fields may be matched. */
     if (rule->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
-        may_match = MAY_NW_PROTO | MAY_NW_TOS | MAY_NW_ADDR;
+        may_match = MAY_NW_PROTO | MAY_IPVx | MAY_NW_ADDR;
         if (rule->flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_TCP ||
             rule->flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_UDP ||
             rule->flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_ICMP) {
@@ -2314,7 +2823,7 @@ ofputil_normalize_rule(struct cls_rule *rule, enum nx_flow_format flow_format)
         }
     } else if (rule->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IPV6)
                && flow_format == NXFF_NXM) {
-        may_match = MAY_NW_PROTO | MAY_NW_TOS | MAY_IPV6_ADDR;
+        may_match = MAY_NW_PROTO | MAY_IPVx | MAY_IPV6;
         if (rule->flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_TCP ||
             rule->flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_UDP) {
             may_match |= MAY_TP_ADDR;
@@ -2341,13 +2850,15 @@ ofputil_normalize_rule(struct cls_rule *rule, enum nx_flow_format flow_format)
         wc.nw_src_mask = wc.nw_dst_mask = htonl(0);
     }
     if (!(may_match & MAY_TP_ADDR)) {
-        wc.wildcards |= FWW_TP_SRC | FWW_TP_DST;
+        wc.tp_src_mask = wc.tp_dst_mask = htons(0);
     }
     if (!(may_match & MAY_NW_PROTO)) {
         wc.wildcards |= FWW_NW_PROTO;
     }
-    if (!(may_match & MAY_NW_TOS)) {
-        wc.wildcards |= FWW_NW_TOS;
+    if (!(may_match & MAY_IPVx)) {
+        wc.wildcards |= FWW_NW_DSCP;
+        wc.wildcards |= FWW_NW_ECN;
+        wc.wildcards |= FWW_NW_TTL;
     }
     if (!(may_match & MAY_ARP_SHA)) {
         wc.wildcards |= FWW_ARP_SHA;
@@ -2355,8 +2866,9 @@ ofputil_normalize_rule(struct cls_rule *rule, enum nx_flow_format flow_format)
     if (!(may_match & MAY_ARP_THA)) {
         wc.wildcards |= FWW_ARP_THA;
     }
-    if (!(may_match & MAY_IPV6_ADDR)) {
+    if (!(may_match & MAY_IPV6)) {
         wc.ipv6_src_mask = wc.ipv6_dst_mask = in6addr_any;
+        wc.wildcards |= FWW_IPV6_LABEL;
     }
     if (!(may_match & MAY_ND_TARGET)) {
         wc.wildcards |= FWW_ND_TARGET;
@@ -2381,207 +2893,6 @@ ofputil_normalize_rule(struct cls_rule *rule, enum nx_flow_format flow_format)
     }
 }
 
-static uint32_t
-vendor_code_to_id(uint8_t code)
-{
-    switch (code) {
-#define OFPUTIL_VENDOR(NAME, VENDOR_ID) case NAME: return VENDOR_ID;
-        OFPUTIL_VENDORS
-#undef OFPUTIL_VENDOR
-    default:
-        return UINT32_MAX;
-    }
-}
-
-static int
-vendor_id_to_code(uint32_t id)
-{
-    switch (id) {
-#define OFPUTIL_VENDOR(NAME, VENDOR_ID) case VENDOR_ID: return NAME;
-        OFPUTIL_VENDORS
-#undef OFPUTIL_VENDOR
-    default:
-        return -1;
-    }
-}
-
-/* Creates and returns an OpenFlow message of type OFPT_ERROR with the error
- * information taken from 'error', whose encoding must be as described in the
- * large comment in ofp-util.h.  If 'oh' is nonnull, then the error will use
- * oh->xid as its transaction ID, and it will include up to the first 64 bytes
- * of 'oh'.
- *
- * Returns NULL if 'error' is not an OpenFlow error code. */
-struct ofpbuf *
-ofputil_encode_error_msg(int error, const struct ofp_header *oh)
-{
-    static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 5);
-
-    struct ofpbuf *buf;
-    const void *data;
-    size_t len;
-    uint8_t vendor;
-    uint16_t type;
-    uint16_t code;
-    ovs_be32 xid;
-
-    if (!is_ofp_error(error)) {
-        /* We format 'error' with strerror() here since it seems likely to be
-         * a system errno value. */
-        VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "invalid OpenFlow error code %d (%s)",
-                     error, strerror(error));
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    if (oh) {
-        xid = oh->xid;
-        data = oh;
-        len = ntohs(oh->length);
-        if (len > 64) {
-            len = 64;
-        }
-    } else {
-        xid = 0;
-        data = NULL;
-        len = 0;
-    }
-
-    vendor = get_ofp_err_vendor(error);
-    type = get_ofp_err_type(error);
-    code = get_ofp_err_code(error);
-    if (vendor == OFPUTIL_VENDOR_OPENFLOW) {
-        struct ofp_error_msg *oem;
-
-        oem = make_openflow_xid(len + sizeof *oem, OFPT_ERROR, xid, &buf);
-        oem->type = htons(type);
-        oem->code = htons(code);
-    } else {
-        struct ofp_error_msg *oem;
-        struct nx_vendor_error *nve;
-        uint32_t vendor_id;
-
-        vendor_id = vendor_code_to_id(vendor);
-        if (vendor_id == UINT32_MAX) {
-            VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "error %x contains invalid vendor code %d",
-                         error, vendor);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-
-        oem = make_openflow_xid(len + sizeof *oem + sizeof *nve,
-                                OFPT_ERROR, xid, &buf);
-        oem->type = htons(NXET_VENDOR);
-        oem->code = htons(NXVC_VENDOR_ERROR);
-
-        nve = (struct nx_vendor_error *)oem->data;
-        nve->vendor = htonl(vendor_id);
-        nve->type = htons(type);
-        nve->code = htons(code);
-    }
-
-    if (len) {
-        buf->size -= len;
-        ofpbuf_put(buf, data, len);
-    }
-
-    return buf;
-}
-
-/* Decodes 'oh', which should be an OpenFlow OFPT_ERROR message, and returns an
- * Open vSwitch internal error code in the format described in the large
- * comment in ofp-util.h.
- *
- * If 'payload_ofs' is nonnull, on success '*payload_ofs' is set to the offset
- * to the payload starting from 'oh' and on failure it is set to 0. */
-int
-ofputil_decode_error_msg(const struct ofp_header *oh, size_t *payload_ofs)
-{
-    static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 5);
-
-    const struct ofp_error_msg *oem;
-    uint16_t type, code;
-    struct ofpbuf b;
-    int vendor;
-
-    if (payload_ofs) {
-        *payload_ofs = 0;
-    }
-    if (oh->type != OFPT_ERROR) {
-        return EPROTO;
-    }
-
-    ofpbuf_use_const(&b, oh, ntohs(oh->length));
-    oem = ofpbuf_try_pull(&b, sizeof *oem);
-    if (!oem) {
-        return EPROTO;
-    }
-
-    type = ntohs(oem->type);
-    code = ntohs(oem->code);
-    if (type == NXET_VENDOR && code == NXVC_VENDOR_ERROR) {
-        const struct nx_vendor_error *nve = ofpbuf_try_pull(&b, sizeof *nve);
-        if (!nve) {
-            return EPROTO;
-        }
-
-        vendor = vendor_id_to_code(ntohl(nve->vendor));
-        if (vendor < 0) {
-            VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "error contains unknown vendor ID %#"PRIx32,
-                         ntohl(nve->vendor));
-            return EPROTO;
-        }
-        type = ntohs(nve->type);
-        code = ntohs(nve->code);
-    } else {
-        vendor = OFPUTIL_VENDOR_OPENFLOW;
-    }
-
-    if (type >= 1024) {
-        VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "error contains type %"PRIu16" greater than "
-                     "supported maximum value 1023", type);
-        return EPROTO;
-    }
-
-    if (payload_ofs) {
-        *payload_ofs = (uint8_t *) b.data - (uint8_t *) oh;
-    }
-    return ofp_mkerr_vendor(vendor, type, code);
-}
-
-void
-ofputil_format_error(struct ds *s, int error)
-{
-    if (is_errno(error)) {
-        ds_put_cstr(s, strerror(error));
-    } else {
-        uint16_t type = get_ofp_err_type(error);
-        uint16_t code = get_ofp_err_code(error);
-        const char *type_s = ofp_error_type_to_string(type);
-        const char *code_s = ofp_error_code_to_string(type, code);
-
-        ds_put_format(s, "type ");
-        if (type_s) {
-            ds_put_cstr(s, type_s);
-        } else {
-            ds_put_format(s, "%"PRIu16, type);
-        }
-
-        ds_put_cstr(s, ", code ");
-        if (code_s) {
-            ds_put_cstr(s, code_s);
-        } else {
-            ds_put_format(s, "%"PRIu16, code);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-char *
-ofputil_error_to_string(int error)
-{
-    struct ds s = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
-    ofputil_format_error(&s, error);
-    return ds_steal_cstr(&s);
-}
-
 /* Attempts to pull 'actions_len' bytes from the front of 'b'.  Returns 0 if
  * successful, otherwise an OpenFlow error.
  *
@@ -2593,7 +2904,7 @@ ofputil_error_to_string(int error)
  * do so, with validate_actions()).  The caller is also responsible for making
  * sure that 'b->data' is initially aligned appropriately for "union
  * ofp_action". */
-int
+enum ofperr
 ofputil_pull_actions(struct ofpbuf *b, unsigned int actions_len,
                      union ofp_action **actionsp, size_t *n_actionsp)
 {
@@ -2617,7 +2928,7 @@ ofputil_pull_actions(struct ofpbuf *b, unsigned int actions_len,
 error:
     *actionsp = NULL;
     *n_actionsp = 0;
-    return ofp_mkerr(OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, OFPBRC_BAD_LEN);
+    return OFPERR_OFPBRC_BAD_LEN;
 }
 
 bool
@@ -2632,3 +2943,72 @@ ofputil_actions_clone(const union ofp_action *actions, size_t n)
 {
     return n ? xmemdup(actions, n * sizeof *actions) : NULL;
 }
+
+/* Parses a key or a key-value pair from '*stringp'.
+ *
+ * On success: Stores the key into '*keyp'.  Stores the value, if present, into
+ * '*valuep', otherwise an empty string.  Advances '*stringp' past the end of
+ * the key-value pair, preparing it for another call.  '*keyp' and '*valuep'
+ * are substrings of '*stringp' created by replacing some of its bytes by null
+ * terminators.  Returns true.
+ *
+ * If '*stringp' is just white space or commas, sets '*keyp' and '*valuep' to
+ * NULL and returns false. */
+bool
+ofputil_parse_key_value(char **stringp, char **keyp, char **valuep)
+{
+    char *pos, *key, *value;
+    size_t key_len;
+
+    pos = *stringp;
+    pos += strspn(pos, ", \t\r\n");
+    if (*pos == '\0') {
+        *keyp = *valuep = NULL;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    key = pos;
+    key_len = strcspn(pos, ":=(, \t\r\n");
+    if (key[key_len] == ':' || key[key_len] == '=') {
+        /* The value can be separated by a colon. */
+        size_t value_len;
+
+        value = key + key_len + 1;
+        value_len = strcspn(value, ", \t\r\n");
+        pos = value + value_len + (value[value_len] != '\0');
+        value[value_len] = '\0';
+    } else if (key[key_len] == '(') {
+        /* The value can be surrounded by balanced parentheses.  The outermost
+         * set of parentheses is removed. */
+        int level = 1;
+        size_t value_len;
+
+        value = key + key_len + 1;
+        for (value_len = 0; level > 0; value_len++) {
+            switch (value[value_len]) {
+            case '\0':
+                ovs_fatal(0, "unbalanced parentheses in argument to %s", key);
+
+            case '(':
+                level++;
+                break;
+
+            case ')':
+                level--;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        value[value_len - 1] = '\0';
+        pos = value + value_len;
+    } else {
+        /* There might be no value at all. */
+        value = key + key_len;  /* Will become the empty string below. */
+        pos = key + key_len + (key[key_len] != '\0');
+    }
+    key[key_len] = '\0';
+
+    *stringp = pos;
+    *keyp = key;
+    *valuep = value;
+    return true;
+}