/*
- * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009 Nicira Networks.
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Nicira, Inc.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
#include <config.h>
#include "timeval.h"
-#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <poll.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "coverage.h"
+#include "dummy.h"
+#include "dynamic-string.h"
#include "fatal-signal.h"
+#include "hash.h"
+#include "hmap.h"
+#include "ovs-thread.h"
+#include "signals.h"
+#include "seq.h"
+#include "unixctl.h"
#include "util.h"
-
#include "vlog.h"
-#define THIS_MODULE VLM_timeval
-/* Initialized? */
-static bool inited;
+VLOG_DEFINE_THIS_MODULE(timeval);
-/* Has a timer tick occurred? */
-static volatile sig_atomic_t tick;
+struct clock {
+ clockid_t id; /* CLOCK_MONOTONIC or CLOCK_REALTIME. */
-/* The current time, as of the last refresh. */
-static struct timeval now;
+ /* Features for use by unit tests. Protected by 'mutex'. */
+ struct ovs_mutex mutex;
+ atomic_bool slow_path; /* True if warped or stopped. */
+ struct timespec warp OVS_GUARDED; /* Offset added for unit tests. */
+ bool stopped OVS_GUARDED; /* Disable real-time updates if true. */
+ struct timespec cache OVS_GUARDED; /* Last time read from kernel. */
+};
-/* Time at which to die with SIGALRM (if not TIME_MIN). */
-static time_t deadline = TIME_MIN;
+/* Our clocks. */
+static struct clock monotonic_clock; /* CLOCK_MONOTONIC, if available. */
+static struct clock wall_clock; /* CLOCK_REALTIME. */
-static void set_up_timer(void);
-static void set_up_signal(int flags);
-static void sigalrm_handler(int);
-static void refresh_if_ticked(void);
-static time_t time_add(time_t, time_t);
-static void block_sigalrm(sigset_t *);
-static void unblock_sigalrm(const sigset_t *);
-static void log_poll_interval(long long int last_wakeup,
- const struct rusage *last_rusage);
+/* The monotonic time at which the time module was initialized. */
+static long long int boot_time;
-/* Initializes the timetracking module. */
-void
-time_init(void)
+/* True only when timeval_dummy_register() is called. */
+static bool timewarp_enabled;
+/* Reference to the seq struct. Threads other than main thread can
+ * wait on timewarp_seq and be waken up when time is warped. */
+static struct seq *timewarp_seq;
+/* Last value of 'timewarp_seq'. */
+DEFINE_STATIC_PER_THREAD_DATA(uint64_t, last_seq, 0);
+
+/* Monotonic time in milliseconds at which to die with SIGALRM (if not
+ * LLONG_MAX). */
+static long long int deadline = LLONG_MAX;
+
+/* Monotonic time, in milliseconds, at which the last call to time_poll() woke
+ * up. */
+DEFINE_STATIC_PER_THREAD_DATA(long long int, last_wakeup, 0);
+
+static void log_poll_interval(long long int last_wakeup);
+static struct rusage *get_recent_rusage(void);
+static void refresh_rusage(void);
+static void timespec_add(struct timespec *sum,
+ const struct timespec *a, const struct timespec *b);
+
+static void
+init_clock(struct clock *c, clockid_t id)
{
- if (inited) {
- return;
- }
+ memset(c, 0, sizeof *c);
+ c->id = id;
+ ovs_mutex_init(&c->mutex);
+ atomic_init(&c->slow_path, false);
+ xclock_gettime(c->id, &c->cache);
+ timewarp_seq = seq_create();
+}
+
+static void
+do_init_time(void)
+{
+ struct timespec ts;
coverage_init();
- inited = true;
- gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
- tick = false;
+ init_clock(&monotonic_clock, (!clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts)
+ ? CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+ : CLOCK_REALTIME));
+ init_clock(&wall_clock, CLOCK_REALTIME);
+ boot_time = timespec_to_msec(&monotonic_clock.cache);
+}
- set_up_signal(SA_RESTART);
- set_up_timer();
+/* Initializes the timetracking module, if not already initialized. */
+static void
+time_init(void)
+{
+ static pthread_once_t once = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
+ pthread_once(&once, do_init_time);
}
static void
-set_up_signal(int flags)
+time_timespec__(struct clock *c, struct timespec *ts)
{
- struct sigaction sa;
+ bool slow_path;
+
+ time_init();
- memset(&sa, 0, sizeof sa);
- sa.sa_handler = sigalrm_handler;
- sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
- sa.sa_flags = flags;
- if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL)) {
- ovs_fatal(errno, "sigaction(SIGALRM) failed");
+ atomic_read_explicit(&c->slow_path, &slow_path, memory_order_relaxed);
+ if (!slow_path) {
+ xclock_gettime(c->id, ts);
+ } else {
+ struct timespec warp;
+ struct timespec cache;
+ bool stopped;
+
+ ovs_mutex_lock(&c->mutex);
+ stopped = c->stopped;
+ warp = c->warp;
+ cache = c->cache;
+ ovs_mutex_unlock(&c->mutex);
+
+ if (!stopped) {
+ xclock_gettime(c->id, &cache);
+ }
+ timespec_add(ts, &cache, &warp);
}
}
-/* Remove SA_RESTART from the flags for SIGALRM, so that any system call that
- * is interrupted by the periodic timer interrupt will return EINTR instead of
- * continuing after the signal handler returns.
- *
- * time_disable_restart() and time_enable_restart() may be usefully wrapped
- * around function calls that might otherwise block forever unless interrupted
- * by a signal, e.g.:
- *
- * time_disable_restart();
- * fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &lock);
- * time_enable_restart();
- */
+/* Stores a monotonic timer, accurate within TIME_UPDATE_INTERVAL ms, into
+ * '*ts'. */
void
-time_disable_restart(void)
+time_timespec(struct timespec *ts)
{
- set_up_signal(0);
+ time_timespec__(&monotonic_clock, ts);
}
-/* Add SA_RESTART to the flags for SIGALRM, so that any system call that
- * is interrupted by the periodic timer interrupt will continue after the
- * signal handler returns instead of returning EINTR. */
+/* Stores the current time, accurate within TIME_UPDATE_INTERVAL ms, into
+ * '*ts'. */
void
-time_enable_restart(void)
+time_wall_timespec(struct timespec *ts)
{
- set_up_signal(SA_RESTART);
+ time_timespec__(&wall_clock, ts);
}
-static void
-set_up_timer(void)
+static time_t
+time_sec__(struct clock *c)
{
- struct itimerval itimer;
+ struct timespec ts;
- itimer.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
- itimer.it_interval.tv_usec = TIME_UPDATE_INTERVAL * 1000;
- itimer.it_value = itimer.it_interval;
- if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itimer, NULL)) {
- ovs_fatal(errno, "setitimer failed");
- }
+ time_timespec__(c, &ts);
+ return ts.tv_sec;
}
-/* Set up the interval timer, to ensure that time advances even without calling
- * time_refresh().
- *
- * A child created with fork() does not inherit the parent's interval timer, so
- * this function needs to be called from the child after fork(). */
-void
-time_postfork(void)
+/* Returns a monotonic timer, in seconds. */
+time_t
+time_now(void)
{
- set_up_timer();
+ return time_sec__(&monotonic_clock);
}
-/* Forces a refresh of the current time from the kernel. It is not usually
- * necessary to call this function, since the time will be refreshed
- * automatically at least every TIME_UPDATE_INTERVAL milliseconds. */
-void
-time_refresh(void)
+/* Returns the current time, in seconds. */
+time_t
+time_wall(void)
{
- gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
- tick = false;
+ return time_sec__(&wall_clock);
}
-/* Returns the current time, in seconds. */
-time_t
-time_now(void)
+static long long int
+time_msec__(struct clock *c)
{
- refresh_if_ticked();
- return now.tv_sec;
+ struct timespec ts;
+
+ time_timespec__(c, &ts);
+ return timespec_to_msec(&ts);
}
-/* Returns the current time, in ms (within TIME_UPDATE_INTERVAL ms). */
+/* Returns a monotonic timer, in ms (within TIME_UPDATE_INTERVAL ms). */
long long int
time_msec(void)
{
- refresh_if_ticked();
- return timeval_to_msec(&now);
+ return time_msec__(&monotonic_clock);
}
-/* Stores the current time, accurate within TIME_UPDATE_INTERVAL ms, into
- * '*tv'. */
-void
-time_timeval(struct timeval *tv)
+/* Returns the current time, in ms (within TIME_UPDATE_INTERVAL ms). */
+long long int
+time_wall_msec(void)
{
- refresh_if_ticked();
- *tv = now;
+ return time_msec__(&wall_clock);
}
/* Configures the program to die with SIGALRM 'secs' seconds from now, if
void
time_alarm(unsigned int secs)
{
- sigset_t oldsigs;
+ long long int now;
+ long long int msecs;
+ assert_single_threaded();
time_init();
- block_sigalrm(&oldsigs);
- deadline = secs ? time_add(time_now(), secs) : TIME_MIN;
- unblock_sigalrm(&oldsigs);
+
+ now = time_msec();
+ msecs = secs * 1000LL;
+ deadline = now < LLONG_MAX - msecs ? now + msecs : LLONG_MAX;
}
/* Like poll(), except:
+ *
+ * - The timeout is specified as an absolute time, as defined by
+ * time_msec(), instead of a duration.
*
* - On error, returns a negative error code (instead of setting errno).
*
* - If interrupted by a signal, retries automatically until the original
- * 'timeout' expires. (Because of this property, this function will
+ * timeout is reached. (Because of this property, this function will
* never return -EINTR.)
*
- * - As a side effect, refreshes the current time (like time_refresh()).
- */
+ * Stores the number of milliseconds elapsed during poll in '*elapsed'. */
int
-time_poll(struct pollfd *pollfds, int n_pollfds, int timeout)
+time_poll(struct pollfd *pollfds, int n_pollfds, HANDLE *handles OVS_UNUSED,
+ long long int timeout_when, int *elapsed)
{
- static long long int last_wakeup;
- static struct rusage last_rusage;
+ long long int *last_wakeup = last_wakeup_get();
long long int start;
- sigset_t oldsigs;
- bool blocked;
- int retval;
+ int retval = 0;
- time_refresh();
- log_poll_interval(last_wakeup, &last_rusage);
+ time_init();
coverage_clear();
+ coverage_run();
+ if (*last_wakeup) {
+ log_poll_interval(*last_wakeup);
+ }
start = time_msec();
- blocked = false;
+
+ timeout_when = MIN(timeout_when, deadline);
+
for (;;) {
+ long long int now = time_msec();
int time_left;
- if (timeout > 0) {
- long long int elapsed = time_msec() - start;
- time_left = timeout >= elapsed ? timeout - elapsed : 0;
+
+ if (now >= timeout_when) {
+ time_left = 0;
+ } else if ((unsigned long long int) timeout_when - now > INT_MAX) {
+ time_left = INT_MAX;
} else {
- time_left = timeout;
+ time_left = timeout_when - now;
}
+#ifndef _WIN32
retval = poll(pollfds, n_pollfds, time_left);
if (retval < 0) {
retval = -errno;
}
- time_refresh();
- if (retval != -EINTR) {
+#else
+ if (n_pollfds > MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS) {
+ VLOG_ERR("Cannot handle more than maximum wait objects\n");
+ } else if (n_pollfds != 0) {
+ retval = WaitForMultipleObjects(n_pollfds, handles, FALSE,
+ time_left);
+ }
+ if (retval < 0) {
+ /* XXX This will be replace by a win error to errno
+ conversion function */
+ retval = -WSAGetLastError();
+ retval = -EINVAL;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ if (deadline <= time_msec()) {
+ fatal_signal_handler(SIGALRM);
+ if (retval < 0) {
+ retval = 0;
+ }
break;
}
- if (!blocked && deadline == TIME_MIN) {
- block_sigalrm(&oldsigs);
- blocked = true;
+ if (retval != -EINTR) {
+ break;
}
}
- if (blocked) {
- unblock_sigalrm(&oldsigs);
- }
- last_wakeup = time_msec();
- getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &last_rusage);
+ *last_wakeup = time_msec();
+ refresh_rusage();
+ *elapsed = *last_wakeup - start;
return retval;
}
-/* Returns the sum of 'a' and 'b', with saturation on overflow or underflow. */
-static time_t
-time_add(time_t a, time_t b)
+long long int
+timespec_to_msec(const struct timespec *ts)
{
- return (a >= 0
- ? (b > TIME_MAX - a ? TIME_MAX : a + b)
- : (b < TIME_MIN - a ? TIME_MIN : a + b));
+ return (long long int) ts->tv_sec * 1000 + ts->tv_nsec / (1000 * 1000);
}
-static void
-sigalrm_handler(int sig_nr)
+long long int
+timeval_to_msec(const struct timeval *tv)
{
- tick = true;
- if (deadline != TIME_MIN && time(0) > deadline) {
- fatal_signal_handler(sig_nr);
- }
+ return (long long int) tv->tv_sec * 1000 + tv->tv_usec / 1000;
}
-static void
-refresh_if_ticked(void)
+/* Returns the monotonic time at which the "time" module was initialized, in
+ * milliseconds. */
+long long int
+time_boot_msec(void)
{
- assert(inited);
- if (tick) {
- time_refresh();
- }
+ time_init();
+ return boot_time;
}
-static void
-block_sigalrm(sigset_t *oldsigs)
+void
+xgettimeofday(struct timeval *tv)
{
- sigset_t sigalrm;
- sigemptyset(&sigalrm);
- sigaddset(&sigalrm, SIGALRM);
- if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sigalrm, oldsigs)) {
- ovs_fatal(errno, "sigprocmask");
+ if (gettimeofday(tv, NULL) == -1) {
+ VLOG_FATAL("gettimeofday failed (%s)", ovs_strerror(errno));
}
}
-static void
-unblock_sigalrm(const sigset_t *oldsigs)
+void
+xclock_gettime(clock_t id, struct timespec *ts)
{
- if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, oldsigs, NULL)) {
- ovs_fatal(errno, "sigprocmask");
+ if (clock_gettime(id, ts) == -1) {
+ /* It seems like a bad idea to try to use vlog here because it is
+ * likely to try to check the current time. */
+ ovs_abort(errno, "xclock_gettime() failed");
}
}
-long long int
-timeval_to_msec(const struct timeval *tv)
+/* Makes threads wait on timewarp_seq and be waken up when time is warped.
+ * This function will be no-op unless timeval_dummy_register() is called. */
+void
+timewarp_wait(void)
{
- return (long long int) tv->tv_sec * 1000 + tv->tv_usec / 1000;
+ if (timewarp_enabled) {
+ uint64_t *last_seq = last_seq_get();
+
+ *last_seq = seq_read(timewarp_seq);
+ seq_wait(timewarp_seq, *last_seq);
+ }
}
static long long int
}
static void
-log_poll_interval(long long int last_wakeup, const struct rusage *last_rusage)
+timespec_add(struct timespec *sum,
+ const struct timespec *a,
+ const struct timespec *b)
{
- static unsigned int mean_interval; /* In 16ths of a millisecond. */
- static unsigned int n_samples;
+ struct timespec tmp;
- long long int now;
- unsigned int interval; /* In 16ths of a millisecond. */
+ tmp.tv_sec = a->tv_sec + b->tv_sec;
+ tmp.tv_nsec = a->tv_nsec + b->tv_nsec;
+ if (tmp.tv_nsec >= 1000 * 1000 * 1000) {
+ tmp.tv_nsec -= 1000 * 1000 * 1000;
+ tmp.tv_sec++;
+ }
- /* Compute interval from last wakeup to now in 16ths of a millisecond,
- * capped at 10 seconds (16000 in this unit). */
- now = time_msec();
- interval = MIN(10000, now - last_wakeup) << 4;
+ *sum = tmp;
+}
+
+static bool
+is_warped(const struct clock *c)
+{
+ bool warped;
+
+ ovs_mutex_lock(&c->mutex);
+ warped = monotonic_clock.warp.tv_sec || monotonic_clock.warp.tv_nsec;
+ ovs_mutex_unlock(&c->mutex);
+
+ return warped;
+}
+
+static void
+log_poll_interval(long long int last_wakeup)
+{
+ long long int interval = time_msec() - last_wakeup;
- /* Warn if we took too much time between polls. */
- if (n_samples > 10 && interval > mean_interval * 8) {
+ if (interval >= 1000 && !is_warped(&monotonic_clock)) {
+ const struct rusage *last_rusage = get_recent_rusage();
struct rusage rusage;
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &rusage);
- VLOG_WARN("%u ms poll interval (%lld ms user, %lld ms system) "
- "is over %u times the weighted mean interval %u ms "
- "(%u samples)",
- (interval + 8) / 16,
- timeval_diff_msec(&rusage.ru_utime, &last_rusage->ru_utime),
- timeval_diff_msec(&rusage.ru_stime, &last_rusage->ru_stime),
- interval / mean_interval,
- (mean_interval + 8) / 16, n_samples);
+ VLOG_WARN("Unreasonably long %lldms poll interval"
+ " (%lldms user, %lldms system)",
+ interval,
+ timeval_diff_msec(&rusage.ru_utime,
+ &last_rusage->ru_utime),
+ timeval_diff_msec(&rusage.ru_stime,
+ &last_rusage->ru_stime));
if (rusage.ru_minflt > last_rusage->ru_minflt
|| rusage.ru_majflt > last_rusage->ru_majflt) {
VLOG_WARN("faults: %ld minor, %ld major",
rusage.ru_nvcsw - last_rusage->ru_nvcsw,
rusage.ru_nivcsw - last_rusage->ru_nivcsw);
}
+ coverage_log();
+ }
+}
+\f
+/* CPU usage tracking. */
+
+struct cpu_usage {
+ long long int when; /* Time that this sample was taken. */
+ unsigned long long int cpu; /* Total user+system CPU usage when sampled. */
+};
- /* Care should be taken in the value chosen for logging. Depending
- * on the configuration, syslog can write changes synchronously,
- * which can cause the coverage messages to take longer to log
- * than the processing delay that triggered it. */
- coverage_log(VLL_INFO, true);
+struct cpu_tracker {
+ struct cpu_usage older;
+ struct cpu_usage newer;
+ int cpu_usage;
+
+ struct rusage recent_rusage;
+};
+DEFINE_PER_THREAD_MALLOCED_DATA(struct cpu_tracker *, cpu_tracker_var);
+
+static struct cpu_tracker *
+get_cpu_tracker(void)
+{
+ struct cpu_tracker *t = cpu_tracker_var_get();
+ if (!t) {
+ t = xzalloc(sizeof *t);
+ t->older.when = LLONG_MIN;
+ t->newer.when = LLONG_MIN;
+ cpu_tracker_var_set_unsafe(t);
}
+ return t;
+}
- /* Update exponentially weighted moving average. With these parameters, a
- * given value decays to 1% of its value in about 100 time steps. */
- if (n_samples++) {
- mean_interval = (mean_interval * 122 + interval * 6 + 64) / 128;
- } else {
- mean_interval = interval;
+static struct rusage *
+get_recent_rusage(void)
+{
+ return &get_cpu_tracker()->recent_rusage;
+}
+
+static int
+getrusage_thread(struct rusage *rusage OVS_UNUSED)
+{
+#ifdef RUSAGE_THREAD
+ return getrusage(RUSAGE_THREAD, rusage);
+#else
+ errno = EINVAL;
+ return -1;
+#endif
+}
+
+static void
+refresh_rusage(void)
+{
+ struct cpu_tracker *t = get_cpu_tracker();
+ struct rusage *recent_rusage = &t->recent_rusage;
+
+ if (!getrusage_thread(recent_rusage)) {
+ long long int now = time_msec();
+ if (now >= t->newer.when + 3 * 1000) {
+ t->older = t->newer;
+ t->newer.when = now;
+ t->newer.cpu = (timeval_to_msec(&recent_rusage->ru_utime) +
+ timeval_to_msec(&recent_rusage->ru_stime));
+
+ if (t->older.when != LLONG_MIN && t->newer.cpu > t->older.cpu) {
+ unsigned int dividend = t->newer.cpu - t->older.cpu;
+ unsigned int divisor = (t->newer.when - t->older.when) / 100;
+ t->cpu_usage = divisor > 0 ? dividend / divisor : -1;
+ } else {
+ t->cpu_usage = -1;
+ }
+ }
}
}
+
+/* Returns an estimate of this process's CPU usage, as a percentage, over the
+ * past few seconds of wall-clock time. Returns -1 if no estimate is available
+ * (which will happen if the process has not been running long enough to have
+ * an estimate, and can happen for other reasons as well). */
+int
+get_cpu_usage(void)
+{
+ return get_cpu_tracker()->cpu_usage;
+}
+\f
+/* Unixctl interface. */
+
+/* "time/stop" stops the monotonic time returned by e.g. time_msec() from
+ * advancing, except due to later calls to "time/warp". */
+static void
+timeval_stop_cb(struct unixctl_conn *conn,
+ int argc OVS_UNUSED, const char *argv[] OVS_UNUSED,
+ void *aux OVS_UNUSED)
+{
+ ovs_mutex_lock(&monotonic_clock.mutex);
+ atomic_store(&monotonic_clock.slow_path, true);
+ monotonic_clock.stopped = true;
+ xclock_gettime(monotonic_clock.id, &monotonic_clock.cache);
+ ovs_mutex_unlock(&monotonic_clock.mutex);
+
+ unixctl_command_reply(conn, NULL);
+}
+
+/* "time/warp MSECS" advances the current monotonic time by the specified
+ * number of milliseconds. Unless "time/stop" has also been executed, the
+ * monotonic clock continues to tick forward at the normal rate afterward.
+ *
+ * Does not affect wall clock readings. */
+static void
+timeval_warp_cb(struct unixctl_conn *conn,
+ int argc OVS_UNUSED, const char *argv[], void *aux OVS_UNUSED)
+{
+ struct timespec ts;
+ int msecs;
+
+ msecs = atoi(argv[1]);
+ if (msecs <= 0) {
+ unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "invalid MSECS");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ ts.tv_sec = msecs / 1000;
+ ts.tv_nsec = (msecs % 1000) * 1000 * 1000;
+
+ ovs_mutex_lock(&monotonic_clock.mutex);
+ atomic_store(&monotonic_clock.slow_path, true);
+ timespec_add(&monotonic_clock.warp, &monotonic_clock.warp, &ts);
+ ovs_mutex_unlock(&monotonic_clock.mutex);
+ seq_change(timewarp_seq);
+ poll(NULL, 0, 10); /* give threads (eg. monitor) some chances to run */
+ unixctl_command_reply(conn, "warped");
+}
+
+void
+timeval_dummy_register(void)
+{
+ timewarp_enabled = true;
+ unixctl_command_register("time/stop", "", 0, 0, timeval_stop_cb, NULL);
+ unixctl_command_register("time/warp", "MSECS", 1, 1,
+ timeval_warp_cb, NULL);
+}
+
+
+
+/* strftime() with an extension for high-resolution timestamps. Any '#'s in
+ * 'format' will be replaced by subseconds, e.g. use "%S.###" to obtain results
+ * like "01.123". */
+size_t
+strftime_msec(char *s, size_t max, const char *format,
+ const struct tm_msec *tm)
+{
+ size_t n;
+
+ n = strftime(s, max, format, &tm->tm);
+ if (n) {
+ char decimals[4];
+ char *p;
+
+ sprintf(decimals, "%03d", tm->msec);
+ for (p = strchr(s, '#'); p; p = strchr(p, '#')) {
+ char *d = decimals;
+ while (*p == '#') {
+ *p++ = *d ? *d++ : '0';
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ return n;
+}
+
+struct tm_msec *
+localtime_msec(long long int now, struct tm_msec *result)
+{
+ time_t now_sec = now / 1000;
+ localtime_r(&now_sec, &result->tm);
+ result->msec = now % 1000;
+ return result;
+}
+
+struct tm_msec *
+gmtime_msec(long long int now, struct tm_msec *result)
+{
+ time_t now_sec = now / 1000;
+ gmtime_r(&now_sec, &result->tm);
+ result->msec = now % 1000;
+ return result;
+}