--- /dev/null
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <asm/uaccess.h>
+
+/**
+ * __kzalloc - allocate memory. The memory is set to zero.
+ * @size: how many bytes of memory are required.
+ * @flags: the type of memory to allocate.
+ */
+void *__kzalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
+{
+ void *ret = ____kmalloc(size, flags);
+ if (ret)
+ memset(ret, 0, size);
+ return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kzalloc);
+
+/*
+ * kstrdup - allocate space for and copy an existing string
+ *
+ * @s: the string to duplicate
+ * @gfp: the GFP mask used in the kmalloc() call when allocating memory
+ */
+char *kstrdup(const char *s, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+ size_t len;
+ char *buf;
+
+ if (!s)
+ return NULL;
+
+ len = strlen(s) + 1;
+ buf = ____kmalloc(len, gfp);
+ if (buf)
+ memcpy(buf, s, len);
+ return buf;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(kstrdup);
+
+/*
+ * strndup_user - duplicate an existing string from user space
+ *
+ * @s: The string to duplicate
+ * @n: Maximum number of bytes to copy, including the trailing NUL.
+ */
+char *strndup_user(const char __user *s, long n)
+{
+ char *p;
+ long length;
+
+ length = strnlen_user(s, n);
+
+ if (!length)
+ return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
+
+ if (length > n)
+ return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+ p = kmalloc(length, GFP_KERNEL);
+
+ if (!p)
+ return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+ if (copy_from_user(p, s, length)) {
+ kfree(p);
+ return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
+ }
+
+ p[length - 1] = '\0';
+
+ return p;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(strndup_user);