Fix misspellings in comments and docs.
[sliver-openvswitch.git] / ofproto / ofproto-dpif.c
index b37b482..2307577 100644 (file)
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <errno.h>
 
-#include "autopath.h"
+#include "bfd.h"
 #include "bond.h"
 #include "bundle.h"
 #include "byte-order.h"
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include "mac-learning.h"
 #include "meta-flow.h"
 #include "multipath.h"
+#include "netdev-vport.h"
 #include "netdev.h"
 #include "netlink.h"
 #include "nx-match.h"
 #include "ofp-parse.h"
 #include "ofp-print.h"
 #include "ofproto-dpif-governor.h"
+#include "ofproto-dpif-ipfix.h"
 #include "ofproto-dpif-sflow.h"
 #include "poll-loop.h"
 #include "simap.h"
 #include "smap.h"
 #include "timer.h"
+#include "tunnel.h"
 #include "unaligned.h"
 #include "unixctl.h"
 #include "vlan-bitmap.h"
@@ -77,6 +80,7 @@ BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(N_TABLES >= 2 && N_TABLES <= 255);
 struct ofport_dpif;
 struct ofproto_dpif;
 struct flow_miss;
+struct facet;
 
 struct rule_dpif {
     struct rule up;
@@ -115,10 +119,9 @@ static struct rule_dpif *rule_dpif_lookup__(struct ofproto_dpif *,
 static struct rule_dpif *rule_dpif_miss_rule(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
                                              const struct flow *flow);
 
+static void rule_get_stats(struct rule *, uint64_t *packets, uint64_t *bytes);
 static void rule_credit_stats(struct rule_dpif *,
                               const struct dpif_flow_stats *);
-static void flow_push_stats(struct rule_dpif *, const struct flow *,
-                            const struct dpif_flow_stats *);
 static tag_type rule_calculate_tag(const struct flow *,
                                    const struct minimask *, uint32_t basis);
 static void rule_invalidate(const struct rule_dpif *);
@@ -205,16 +208,45 @@ static int set_stp_port(struct ofport *,
 
 static bool ofbundle_includes_vlan(const struct ofbundle *, uint16_t vlan);
 
-struct action_xlate_ctx {
-/* action_xlate_ctx_init() initializes these members. */
+struct xlate_ctx;
+
+/* Initial values of fields of the packet that may be changed during
+ * flow processing and needed later. */
+struct initial_vals {
+   /* This is the value of vlan_tci in the packet as actually received from
+    * dpif.  This is the same as the facet's flow.vlan_tci unless the packet
+    * was received via a VLAN splinter.  In that case, this value is 0
+    * (because the packet as actually received from the dpif had no 802.1Q
+    * tag) but the facet's flow.vlan_tci is set to the VLAN that the splinter
+    * represents.
+    *
+    * This member should be removed when the VLAN splinters feature is no
+    * longer needed. */
+    ovs_be16 vlan_tci;
+};
+
+struct xlate_out {
+    tag_type tags;              /* Tags associated with actions. */
+    enum slow_path_reason slow; /* 0 if fast path may be used. */
+    bool has_learn;             /* Actions include NXAST_LEARN? */
+    bool has_normal;            /* Actions output to OFPP_NORMAL? */
+    bool has_fin_timeout;       /* Actions include NXAST_FIN_TIMEOUT? */
+    uint16_t nf_output_iface;   /* Output interface index for NetFlow. */
+    mirror_mask_t mirrors;      /* Bitmap of associated mirrors. */
+
+    uint64_t odp_actions_stub[256 / 8];
+    struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
+};
 
-    /* The ofproto. */
+struct xlate_in {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
 
     /* Flow to which the OpenFlow actions apply.  xlate_actions() will modify
      * this flow when actions change header fields. */
     struct flow flow;
 
+    struct initial_vals initial_vals;
+
     /* The packet corresponding to 'flow', or a null pointer if we are
      * revalidating without a packet to refer to. */
     const struct ofpbuf *packet;
@@ -227,9 +259,13 @@ struct action_xlate_ctx {
      * not if we are just revalidating. */
     bool may_learn;
 
-    /* The rule that we are currently translating, or NULL. */
+    /* The rule initiating translation or NULL. */
     struct rule_dpif *rule;
 
+    /* The actions to translate.  If 'rule' is not NULL, these may be NULL. */
+    const struct ofpact *ofpacts;
+    size_t ofpacts_len;
+
     /* Union of the set of TCP flags seen so far in this flow.  (Used only by
      * NXAST_FIN_TIMEOUT.  Set to zero to avoid updating updating rules'
      * timeouts.) */
@@ -243,63 +279,77 @@ struct action_xlate_ctx {
      * resubmit or OFPP_TABLE action didn't find a matching rule.
      *
      * This is normally null so the client has to set it manually after
-     * calling action_xlate_ctx_init(). */
-    void (*resubmit_hook)(struct action_xlate_ctx *, struct rule_dpif *rule);
+     * calling xlate_in_init(). */
+    void (*resubmit_hook)(struct xlate_ctx *, struct rule_dpif *rule);
 
     /* If nonnull, flow translation calls this function to report some
      * significant decision, e.g. to explain why OFPP_NORMAL translation
      * dropped a packet. */
-    void (*report_hook)(struct action_xlate_ctx *, const char *s);
+    void (*report_hook)(struct xlate_ctx *, const char *s);
 
     /* If nonnull, flow translation credits the specified statistics to each
      * rule reached through a resubmit or OFPP_TABLE action.
      *
      * This is normally null so the client has to set it manually after
-     * calling action_xlate_ctx_init(). */
+     * calling xlate_in_init(). */
     const struct dpif_flow_stats *resubmit_stats;
+};
 
-/* xlate_actions() initializes and uses these members.  The client might want
- * to look at them after it returns. */
+/* Context used by xlate_actions() and its callees. */
+struct xlate_ctx {
+    struct xlate_in *xin;
+    struct xlate_out *xout;
 
-    struct ofpbuf *odp_actions; /* Datapath actions. */
-    tag_type tags;              /* Tags associated with actions. */
-    enum slow_path_reason slow; /* 0 if fast path may be used. */
-    bool has_learn;             /* Actions include NXAST_LEARN? */
-    bool has_normal;            /* Actions output to OFPP_NORMAL? */
-    bool has_fin_timeout;       /* Actions include NXAST_FIN_TIMEOUT? */
-    uint16_t nf_output_iface;   /* Output interface index for NetFlow. */
-    mirror_mask_t mirrors;      /* Bitmap of associated mirrors. */
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
+
+    /* Flow at the last commit. */
+    struct flow base_flow;
+
+    /* Tunnel IP destination address as received.  This is stored separately
+     * as the base_flow.tunnel is cleared on init to reflect the datapath
+     * behavior.  Used to make sure not to send tunneled output to ourselves,
+     * which might lead to an infinite loop.  This could happen easily
+     * if a tunnel is marked as 'ip_remote=flow', and the flow does not
+     * actually set the tun_dst field. */
+    ovs_be32 orig_tunnel_ip_dst;
+
+    /* Stack for the push and pop actions.  Each stack element is of type
+     * "union mf_subvalue". */
+    union mf_subvalue init_stack[1024 / sizeof(union mf_subvalue)];
+    struct ofpbuf stack;
 
-/* xlate_actions() initializes and uses these members, but the client has no
- * reason to look at them. */
+    /* The rule that we are currently translating, or NULL. */
+    struct rule_dpif *rule;
 
     int recurse;                /* Recursion level, via xlate_table_action. */
     bool max_resubmit_trigger;  /* Recursed too deeply during translation. */
-    struct flow base_flow;      /* Flow at the last commit. */
     uint32_t orig_skb_priority; /* Priority when packet arrived. */
     uint8_t table_id;           /* OpenFlow table ID where flow was found. */
     uint32_t sflow_n_outputs;   /* Number of output ports. */
     uint32_t sflow_odp_port;    /* Output port for composing sFlow action. */
     uint16_t user_cookie_offset;/* Used for user_action_cookie fixup. */
     bool exit;                  /* No further actions should be processed. */
-    struct flow orig_flow;      /* Copy of original flow. */
 };
 
-static void action_xlate_ctx_init(struct action_xlate_ctx *,
-                                  struct ofproto_dpif *, const struct flow *,
-                                  ovs_be16 initial_tci, struct rule_dpif *,
-                                  uint8_t tcp_flags, const struct ofpbuf *);
-static void xlate_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *,
-                          const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
-                          struct ofpbuf *odp_actions);
-static void xlate_actions_for_side_effects(struct action_xlate_ctx *,
-                                           const struct ofpact *ofpacts,
-                                           size_t ofpacts_len);
+static void xlate_in_init(struct xlate_in *, struct ofproto_dpif *,
+                          const struct flow *, const struct initial_vals *,
+                          struct rule_dpif *, uint8_t tcp_flags,
+                          const struct ofpbuf *);
+
+static void xlate_out_uninit(struct xlate_out *);
+
+static void xlate_actions(struct xlate_in *, struct xlate_out *);
+
+static void xlate_actions_for_side_effects(struct xlate_in *);
+
+static void xlate_table_action(struct xlate_ctx *, uint16_t in_port,
+                               uint8_t table_id, bool may_packet_in);
 
 static size_t put_userspace_action(const struct ofproto_dpif *,
                                    struct ofpbuf *odp_actions,
                                    const struct flow *,
-                                   const union user_action_cookie *);
+                                   const union user_action_cookie *,
+                                   const size_t);
 
 static void compose_slow_path(const struct ofproto_dpif *, const struct flow *,
                               enum slow_path_reason,
@@ -307,7 +357,7 @@ static void compose_slow_path(const struct ofproto_dpif *, const struct flow *,
                               const struct nlattr **actionsp,
                               size_t *actions_lenp);
 
-static void xlate_report(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const char *s);
+static void xlate_report(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, const char *s);
 
 /* A subfacet (see "struct subfacet" below) has three possible installation
  * states:
@@ -328,8 +378,6 @@ enum subfacet_path {
     SF_SLOW_PATH,               /* Send-to-userspace action is installed. */
 };
 
-static const char *subfacet_path_to_string(enum subfacet_path);
-
 /* A dpif flow and actions associated with a facet.
  *
  * See also the large comment on struct facet. */
@@ -339,41 +387,17 @@ struct subfacet {
     struct list list_node;      /* In struct facet's 'facets' list. */
     struct facet *facet;        /* Owning facet. */
 
-    /* Key.
-     *
-     * To save memory in the common case, 'key' is NULL if 'key_fitness' is
-     * ODP_FIT_PERFECT, that is, odp_flow_key_from_flow() can accurately
-     * regenerate the ODP flow key from ->facet->flow. */
     enum odp_key_fitness key_fitness;
     struct nlattr *key;
     int key_len;
 
     long long int used;         /* Time last used; time created if not used. */
+    long long int created;      /* Time created. */
 
     uint64_t dp_packet_count;   /* Last known packet count in the datapath. */
     uint64_t dp_byte_count;     /* Last known byte count in the datapath. */
 
-    /* Datapath actions.
-     *
-     * These should be essentially identical for every subfacet in a facet, but
-     * may differ in trivial ways due to VLAN splinters. */
-    size_t actions_len;         /* Number of bytes in actions[]. */
-    struct nlattr *actions;     /* Datapath actions. */
-
-    enum slow_path_reason slow; /* 0 if fast path may be used. */
     enum subfacet_path path;    /* Installed in datapath? */
-
-    /* This value is normally the same as ->facet->flow.vlan_tci.  Only VLAN
-     * splinters can cause it to differ.  This value should be removed when
-     * the VLAN splinters feature is no longer needed.  */
-    ovs_be16 initial_tci;       /* Initial VLAN TCI value. */
-
-    /* Datapath port the packet arrived on.  This is needed to remove
-     * flows for ports that are no longer part of the bridge.  Since the
-     * flow definition only has the OpenFlow port number and the port is
-     * no longer part of the bridge, we can't determine the datapath port
-     * number needed to delete the flow from the datapath. */
-    uint32_t odp_in_port;
 };
 
 #define SUBFACET_DESTROY_MAX_BATCH 50
@@ -382,29 +406,20 @@ static struct subfacet *subfacet_create(struct facet *, struct flow_miss *miss,
                                         long long int now);
 static struct subfacet *subfacet_find(struct ofproto_dpif *,
                                       const struct nlattr *key, size_t key_len,
-                                      uint32_t key_hash,
-                                      const struct flow *flow);
+                                      uint32_t key_hash);
 static void subfacet_destroy(struct subfacet *);
 static void subfacet_destroy__(struct subfacet *);
 static void subfacet_destroy_batch(struct ofproto_dpif *,
                                    struct subfacet **, int n);
-static void subfacet_get_key(struct subfacet *, struct odputil_keybuf *,
-                             struct ofpbuf *key);
 static void subfacet_reset_dp_stats(struct subfacet *,
                                     struct dpif_flow_stats *);
-static void subfacet_update_time(struct subfacet *, long long int used);
 static void subfacet_update_stats(struct subfacet *,
                                   const struct dpif_flow_stats *);
-static void subfacet_make_actions(struct subfacet *,
-                                  const struct ofpbuf *packet,
-                                  struct ofpbuf *odp_actions);
 static int subfacet_install(struct subfacet *,
-                            const struct nlattr *actions, size_t actions_len,
-                            struct dpif_flow_stats *, enum slow_path_reason);
+                            const struct ofpbuf *odp_actions,
+                            struct dpif_flow_stats *);
 static void subfacet_uninstall(struct subfacet *);
 
-static enum subfacet_path subfacet_want_path(enum slow_path_reason);
-
 /* An exact-match instantiation of an OpenFlow flow.
  *
  * A facet associates a "struct flow", which represents the Open vSwitch
@@ -457,26 +472,22 @@ struct facet {
     struct netflow_flow nf_flow; /* Per-flow NetFlow tracking data. */
     uint8_t tcp_flags;           /* TCP flags seen for this 'rule'. */
 
-    /* Properties of datapath actions.
-     *
-     * Every subfacet has its own actions because actions can differ slightly
-     * between splintered and non-splintered subfacets due to the VLAN tag
-     * being initially different (present vs. absent).  All of them have these
-     * properties in common so we just store one copy of them here. */
-    bool has_learn;              /* Actions include NXAST_LEARN? */
-    bool has_normal;             /* Actions output to OFPP_NORMAL? */
-    bool has_fin_timeout;        /* Actions include NXAST_FIN_TIMEOUT? */
-    tag_type tags;               /* Tags that would require revalidation. */
-    mirror_mask_t mirrors;       /* Bitmap of dependent mirrors. */
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+
+    /* Initial values of the packet that may be needed later. */
+    struct initial_vals initial_vals;
 
     /* Storage for a single subfacet, to reduce malloc() time and space
      * overhead.  (A facet always has at least one subfacet and in the common
-     * case has exactly one subfacet.) */
+     * case has exactly one subfacet.  However, 'one_subfacet' may not
+     * always be valid, since it could have been removed after newer
+     * subfacets were pushed onto the 'subfacets' list.) */
     struct subfacet one_subfacet;
+
+    long long int learn_rl;      /* Rate limiter for facet_learn(). */
 };
 
-static struct facet *facet_create(struct rule_dpif *,
-                                  const struct flow *, uint32_t hash);
+static struct facet *facet_create(const struct flow_miss *, uint32_t hash);
 static void facet_remove(struct facet *);
 static void facet_free(struct facet *);
 
@@ -484,16 +495,16 @@ static struct facet *facet_find(struct ofproto_dpif *,
                                 const struct flow *, uint32_t hash);
 static struct facet *facet_lookup_valid(struct ofproto_dpif *,
                                         const struct flow *, uint32_t hash);
-static void facet_revalidate(struct facet *);
+static bool facet_revalidate(struct facet *);
 static bool facet_check_consistency(struct facet *);
 
 static void facet_flush_stats(struct facet *);
 
-static void facet_update_time(struct facet *, long long int used);
 static void facet_reset_counters(struct facet *);
-static void facet_push_stats(struct facet *);
+static void facet_push_stats(struct facet *, bool may_learn);
 static void facet_learn(struct facet *);
 static void facet_account(struct facet *);
+static void push_all_stats(void);
 
 static bool facet_is_controller_flow(struct facet *);
 
@@ -505,10 +516,11 @@ struct ofport_dpif {
     struct ofbundle *bundle;    /* Bundle that contains this port, if any. */
     struct list bundle_node;    /* In struct ofbundle's "ports" list. */
     struct cfm *cfm;            /* Connectivity Fault Management, if any. */
+    struct bfd *bfd;            /* BFD, if any. */
     tag_type tag;               /* Tag associated with this port. */
-    uint32_t bond_stable_id;    /* stable_id to use as bond slave, or 0. */
     bool may_enable;            /* May be enabled in bonds. */
     long long int carrier_seq;  /* Carrier status changes. */
+    struct tnl_port *tnl_port;  /* Tunnel handle, or null. */
 
     /* Spanning tree. */
     struct stp_port *stp_port;  /* Spanning Tree Protocol, if any. */
@@ -551,8 +563,9 @@ struct vlan_splinter {
     int vid;
 };
 
-static uint32_t vsp_realdev_to_vlandev(const struct ofproto_dpif *,
-                                       uint32_t realdev, ovs_be16 vlan_tci);
+static uint16_t vsp_realdev_to_vlandev(const struct ofproto_dpif *,
+                                       uint16_t realdev_ofp_port,
+                                       ovs_be16 vlan_tci);
 static bool vsp_adjust_flow(const struct ofproto_dpif *, struct flow *);
 static void vsp_remove(struct ofport_dpif *);
 static void vsp_add(struct ofport_dpif *, uint16_t realdev_ofp_port, int vid);
@@ -565,15 +578,16 @@ static uint16_t odp_port_to_ofp_port(const struct ofproto_dpif *,
 static struct ofport_dpif *
 ofport_dpif_cast(const struct ofport *ofport)
 {
-    ovs_assert(ofport->ofproto->ofproto_class == &ofproto_dpif_class);
     return ofport ? CONTAINER_OF(ofport, struct ofport_dpif, up) : NULL;
 }
 
 static void port_run(struct ofport_dpif *);
 static void port_run_fast(struct ofport_dpif *);
 static void port_wait(struct ofport_dpif *);
+static int set_bfd(struct ofport *, const struct smap *);
 static int set_cfm(struct ofport *, const struct cfm_settings *);
 static void ofport_clear_priorities(struct ofport_dpif *);
+static void run_fast_rl(void);
 
 struct dpif_completion {
     struct list list_node;
@@ -612,6 +626,15 @@ COVERAGE_DEFINE(rev_port_toggled);
 COVERAGE_DEFINE(rev_flow_table);
 COVERAGE_DEFINE(rev_inconsistency);
 
+/* Drop keys are odp flow keys which have drop flows installed in the kernel.
+ * These are datapath flows which have no associated ofproto, if they did we
+ * would use facets. */
+struct drop_key {
+    struct hmap_node hmap_node;
+    struct nlattr *key;
+    size_t key_len;
+};
+
 /* All datapaths of a given type share a single dpif backer instance. */
 struct dpif_backer {
     char *type;
@@ -619,14 +642,32 @@ struct dpif_backer {
     struct dpif *dpif;
     struct timer next_expiration;
     struct hmap odp_to_ofport_map; /* ODP port to ofport mapping. */
+
+    struct simap tnl_backers;      /* Set of dpif ports backing tunnels. */
+
+    /* Facet revalidation flags applying to facets which use this backer. */
+    enum revalidate_reason need_revalidate; /* Revalidate every facet. */
+    struct tag_set revalidate_set; /* Revalidate only matching facets. */
+
+    struct hmap drop_keys; /* Set of dropped odp keys. */
+    bool recv_set_enable; /* Enables or disables receiving packets. */
 };
 
 /* All existing ofproto_backer instances, indexed by ofproto->up.type. */
 static struct shash all_dpif_backers = SHASH_INITIALIZER(&all_dpif_backers);
 
+static void drop_key_clear(struct dpif_backer *);
 static struct ofport_dpif *
 odp_port_to_ofport(const struct dpif_backer *, uint32_t odp_port);
 
+struct avg_subfacet_rates {
+    double add_rate;     /* Moving average of new flows created per minute. */
+    double del_rate;     /* Moving average of flows deleted per minute. */
+};
+static void show_dp_rates(struct ds *ds, const char *heading,
+                          const struct avg_subfacet_rates *rates);
+static void exp_mavg(double *avg, int base, double new);
+
 struct ofproto_dpif {
     struct hmap_node all_ofproto_dpifs_node; /* In 'all_ofproto_dpifs'. */
     struct ofproto up;
@@ -636,12 +677,10 @@ struct ofproto_dpif {
     struct rule_dpif *miss_rule; /* Sends flow table misses to controller. */
     struct rule_dpif *no_packet_in_rule; /* Drops flow table misses. */
 
-    /* Statistics. */
-    uint64_t n_matches;
-
     /* Bridging. */
     struct netflow *netflow;
     struct dpif_sflow *sflow;
+    struct dpif_ipfix *ipfix;
     struct hmap bundles;        /* Contains "struct ofbundle"s. */
     struct mac_learning *ml;
     struct ofmirror *mirrors[MAX_MIRRORS];
@@ -652,11 +691,10 @@ struct ofproto_dpif {
     struct hmap facets;
     struct hmap subfacets;
     struct governor *governor;
+    long long int consistency_rl;
 
     /* Revalidation. */
     struct table_dpif tables[N_TABLES];
-    enum revalidate_reason need_revalidate;
-    struct tag_set revalidate_set;
 
     /* Support for debugging async flow mods. */
     struct list completions;
@@ -674,10 +712,54 @@ struct ofproto_dpif {
     struct hmap vlandev_map;     /* vlandev -> (realdev,vid). */
 
     /* Ports. */
-    struct sset ports;             /* Set of port names. */
+    struct sset ports;             /* Set of standard port names. */
+    struct sset ghost_ports;       /* Ports with no datapath port. */
     struct sset port_poll_set;     /* Queued names for port_poll() reply. */
     int port_poll_errno;           /* Last errno for port_poll() reply. */
+
+    /* Per ofproto's dpif stats. */
+    uint64_t n_hit;
+    uint64_t n_missed;
+
+    /* Subfacet statistics.
+     *
+     * These keep track of the total number of subfacets added and deleted and
+     * flow life span.  They are useful for computing the flow rates stats
+     * exposed via "ovs-appctl dpif/show".  The goal is to learn about
+     * traffic patterns in ways that we can use later to improve Open vSwitch
+     * performance in new situations.  */
+    long long int created;         /* Time when it is created. */
+    unsigned int max_n_subfacet;   /* Maximum number of flows */
+
+    /* The average number of subfacets... */
+    struct avg_subfacet_rates hourly; /* ...over the last hour. */
+    struct avg_subfacet_rates daily;  /* ...over the last day. */
+    long long int last_minute;        /* Last time 'hourly' was updated. */
+
+    /* Number of subfacets added or deleted since 'last_minute'. */
+    unsigned int subfacet_add_count;
+    unsigned int subfacet_del_count;
+
+    /* Number of subfacets added or deleted from 'created' to 'last_minute.' */
+    unsigned long long int total_subfacet_add_count;
+    unsigned long long int total_subfacet_del_count;
+
+    /* Sum of the number of milliseconds that each subfacet existed,
+     * over the subfacets that have been added and then later deleted. */
+    unsigned long long int total_subfacet_life_span;
+
+    /* Incremented by the number of currently existing subfacets, each
+     * time we pull statistics from the kernel. */
+    unsigned long long int total_subfacet_count;
+
+    /* Number of times we pull statistics from the kernel. */
+    unsigned long long int n_update_stats;
 };
+static unsigned long long int avg_subfacet_life_span(
+                                        const struct ofproto_dpif *);
+static double avg_subfacet_count(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto);
+static void update_moving_averages(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto);
+static void update_max_subfacet_count(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto);
 
 /* Defer flow mod completion until "ovs-appctl ofproto/unclog"?  (Useful only
  * for debugging the asynchronous flow_mod implementation.) */
@@ -700,8 +782,8 @@ static struct ofport_dpif *get_ofp_port(const struct ofproto_dpif *,
 static struct ofport_dpif *get_odp_port(const struct ofproto_dpif *,
                                         uint32_t odp_port);
 static void ofproto_trace(struct ofproto_dpif *, const struct flow *,
-                          const struct ofpbuf *, ovs_be16 initial_tci,
-                          struct ds *);
+                          const struct ofpbuf *,
+                          const struct initial_vals *, struct ds *);
 
 /* Packet processing. */
 static void update_learning_table(struct ofproto_dpif *,
@@ -722,7 +804,10 @@ static int send_packet(const struct ofport_dpif *, struct ofpbuf *packet);
 static size_t compose_sflow_action(const struct ofproto_dpif *,
                                    struct ofpbuf *odp_actions,
                                    const struct flow *, uint32_t odp_port);
-static void add_mirror_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+static void compose_ipfix_action(const struct ofproto_dpif *,
+                                 struct ofpbuf *odp_actions,
+                                 const struct flow *);
+static void add_mirror_actions(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                                const struct flow *flow);
 /* Global variables. */
 static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 5);
@@ -811,6 +896,7 @@ lookup_ofproto_dpif_by_port_name(const char *name)
 static int
 type_run(const char *type)
 {
+    static long long int push_timer = LLONG_MIN;
     struct dpif_backer *backer;
     char *devname;
     int error;
@@ -824,7 +910,128 @@ type_run(const char *type)
 
     dpif_run(backer->dpif);
 
-    if (timer_expired(&backer->next_expiration)) {
+    /* The most natural place to push facet statistics is when they're pulled
+     * from the datapath.  However, when there are many flows in the datapath,
+     * this expensive operation can occur so frequently, that it reduces our
+     * ability to quickly set up flows.  To reduce the cost, we push statistics
+     * here instead. */
+    if (time_msec() > push_timer) {
+        push_timer = time_msec() + 2000;
+        push_all_stats();
+    }
+
+    /* If vswitchd started with other_config:flow_restore_wait set as "true",
+     * and the configuration has now changed to "false", enable receiving
+     * packets from the datapath. */
+    if (!backer->recv_set_enable && !ofproto_get_flow_restore_wait()) {
+        backer->recv_set_enable = true;
+
+        error = dpif_recv_set(backer->dpif, backer->recv_set_enable);
+        if (error) {
+            VLOG_ERR("Failed to enable receiving packets in dpif.");
+            return error;
+        }
+        dpif_flow_flush(backer->dpif);
+        backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+    }
+
+    if (backer->need_revalidate
+        || !tag_set_is_empty(&backer->revalidate_set)) {
+        struct tag_set revalidate_set = backer->revalidate_set;
+        bool need_revalidate = backer->need_revalidate;
+        struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
+        struct simap_node *node;
+        struct simap tmp_backers;
+
+        /* Handle tunnel garbage collection. */
+        simap_init(&tmp_backers);
+        simap_swap(&backer->tnl_backers, &tmp_backers);
+
+        HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
+            struct ofport_dpif *iter;
+
+            if (backer != ofproto->backer) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            HMAP_FOR_EACH (iter, up.hmap_node, &ofproto->up.ports) {
+                const char *dp_port;
+
+                if (!iter->tnl_port) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                dp_port = netdev_vport_get_dpif_port(iter->up.netdev);
+                node = simap_find(&tmp_backers, dp_port);
+                if (node) {
+                    simap_put(&backer->tnl_backers, dp_port, node->data);
+                    simap_delete(&tmp_backers, node);
+                    node = simap_find(&backer->tnl_backers, dp_port);
+                } else {
+                    node = simap_find(&backer->tnl_backers, dp_port);
+                    if (!node) {
+                        uint32_t odp_port = UINT32_MAX;
+
+                        if (!dpif_port_add(backer->dpif, iter->up.netdev,
+                                           &odp_port)) {
+                            simap_put(&backer->tnl_backers, dp_port, odp_port);
+                            node = simap_find(&backer->tnl_backers, dp_port);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                iter->odp_port = node ? node->data : OVSP_NONE;
+                if (tnl_port_reconfigure(&iter->up, iter->odp_port,
+                                         &iter->tnl_port)) {
+                    backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SIMAP_FOR_EACH (node, &tmp_backers) {
+            dpif_port_del(backer->dpif, node->data);
+        }
+        simap_destroy(&tmp_backers);
+
+        switch (backer->need_revalidate) {
+        case REV_RECONFIGURE:   COVERAGE_INC(rev_reconfigure);   break;
+        case REV_STP:           COVERAGE_INC(rev_stp);           break;
+        case REV_PORT_TOGGLED:  COVERAGE_INC(rev_port_toggled);  break;
+        case REV_FLOW_TABLE:    COVERAGE_INC(rev_flow_table);    break;
+        case REV_INCONSISTENCY: COVERAGE_INC(rev_inconsistency); break;
+        }
+
+        if (backer->need_revalidate) {
+            /* Clear the drop_keys in case we should now be accepting some
+             * formerly dropped flows. */
+            drop_key_clear(backer);
+        }
+
+        /* Clear the revalidation flags. */
+        tag_set_init(&backer->revalidate_set);
+        backer->need_revalidate = 0;
+
+        HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
+            struct facet *facet, *next;
+
+            if (ofproto->backer != backer) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            HMAP_FOR_EACH_SAFE (facet, next, hmap_node, &ofproto->facets) {
+                if (need_revalidate
+                    || tag_set_intersects(&revalidate_set, facet->xout.tags)) {
+                    facet_revalidate(facet);
+                    run_fast_rl();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!backer->recv_set_enable) {
+        /* Wake up before a max of 1000ms. */
+        timer_set_duration(&backer->next_expiration, 1000);
+    } else if (timer_expired(&backer->next_expiration)) {
         int delay = expire(backer);
         timer_set_duration(&backer->next_expiration, delay);
     }
@@ -839,6 +1046,13 @@ type_run(const char *type)
             goto next;
         }
 
+        HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node,
+                       &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
+            if (simap_contains(&ofproto->backer->tnl_backers, devname)) {
+                goto next;
+            }
+        }
+
         ofproto = lookup_ofproto_dpif_by_port_name(devname);
         if (dpif_port_query_by_name(backer->dpif, devname, &port)) {
             /* The port was removed.  If we know the datapath,
@@ -879,15 +1093,12 @@ type_run(const char *type)
 }
 
 static int
-type_run_fast(const char *type)
+dpif_backer_run_fast(struct dpif_backer *backer, int max_batch)
 {
-    struct dpif_backer *backer;
     unsigned int work;
 
-    backer = shash_find_data(&all_dpif_backers, type);
-    if (!backer) {
-        /* This is not necessarily a problem, since backers are only
-         * created on demand. */
+    /* If recv_set_enable is false, we should not handle upcalls. */
+    if (!backer->recv_set_enable) {
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -901,8 +1112,8 @@ type_run_fast(const char *type)
      * optimizations can make major improvements on some benchmarks and
      * presumably for real traffic as well. */
     work = 0;
-    while (work < FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH) {
-        int retval = handle_upcalls(backer, FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH - work);
+    while (work < max_batch) {
+        int retval = handle_upcalls(backer, max_batch - work);
         if (retval <= 0) {
             return -retval;
         }
@@ -912,6 +1123,58 @@ type_run_fast(const char *type)
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int
+type_run_fast(const char *type)
+{
+    struct dpif_backer *backer;
+
+    backer = shash_find_data(&all_dpif_backers, type);
+    if (!backer) {
+        /* This is not necessarily a problem, since backers are only
+         * created on demand. */
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return dpif_backer_run_fast(backer, FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH);
+}
+
+static void
+run_fast_rl(void)
+{
+    static long long int port_rl = LLONG_MIN;
+    static unsigned int backer_rl = 0;
+
+    if (time_msec() >= port_rl) {
+        struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
+        struct ofport_dpif *ofport;
+
+        HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
+
+            HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofport, up.hmap_node, &ofproto->up.ports) {
+                port_run_fast(ofport);
+            }
+        }
+        port_rl = time_msec() + 200;
+    }
+
+    /* XXX: We have to be careful not to do too much work in this function.  If
+     * we call dpif_backer_run_fast() too often, or with too large a batch,
+     * performance improves signifcantly, but at a cost.  It's possible for the
+     * number of flows in the datapath to increase without bound, and for poll
+     * loops to take 10s of seconds.   The correct solution to this problem,
+     * long term, is to separate flow miss handling into it's own thread so it
+     * isn't affected by revalidations, and expirations.  Until then, this is
+     * the best we can do. */
+    if (++backer_rl >= 10) {
+        struct shash_node *node;
+
+        backer_rl = 0;
+        SHASH_FOR_EACH (node, &all_dpif_backers) {
+            dpif_backer_run_fast(node->data, 1);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 static void
 type_wait(const char *type)
 {
@@ -956,6 +1219,10 @@ close_dpif_backer(struct dpif_backer *backer)
         return;
     }
 
+    drop_key_clear(backer);
+    hmap_destroy(&backer->drop_keys);
+
+    simap_destroy(&backer->tnl_backers);
     hmap_destroy(&backer->odp_to_ofport_map);
     node = shash_find(&all_dpif_backers, backer->type);
     free(backer->type);
@@ -1022,16 +1289,24 @@ open_dpif_backer(const char *type, struct dpif_backer **backerp)
     if (error) {
         VLOG_ERR("failed to open datapath of type %s: %s", type,
                  strerror(error));
+        free(backer);
         return error;
     }
 
     backer->type = xstrdup(type);
     backer->refcount = 1;
     hmap_init(&backer->odp_to_ofport_map);
+    hmap_init(&backer->drop_keys);
     timer_set_duration(&backer->next_expiration, 1000);
+    backer->need_revalidate = 0;
+    simap_init(&backer->tnl_backers);
+    tag_set_init(&backer->revalidate_set);
+    backer->recv_set_enable = !ofproto_get_flow_restore_wait();
     *backerp = backer;
 
-    dpif_flow_flush(backer->dpif);
+    if (backer->recv_set_enable) {
+        dpif_flow_flush(backer->dpif);
+    }
 
     /* Loop through the ports already on the datapath and remove any
      * that we don't need anymore. */
@@ -1055,7 +1330,7 @@ open_dpif_backer(const char *type, struct dpif_backer **backerp)
 
     shash_add(&all_dpif_backers, type, backer);
 
-    error = dpif_recv_set(backer->dpif, true);
+    error = dpif_recv_set(backer->dpif, backer->recv_set_enable);
     if (error) {
         VLOG_ERR("failed to listen on datapath of type %s: %s",
                  type, strerror(error));
@@ -1083,10 +1358,9 @@ construct(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     max_ports = dpif_get_max_ports(ofproto->backer->dpif);
     ofproto_init_max_ports(ofproto_, MIN(max_ports, OFPP_MAX));
 
-    ofproto->n_matches = 0;
-
     ofproto->netflow = NULL;
     ofproto->sflow = NULL;
+    ofproto->ipfix = NULL;
     ofproto->stp = NULL;
     hmap_init(&ofproto->bundles);
     ofproto->ml = mac_learning_create(MAC_ENTRY_DEFAULT_IDLE_TIME);
@@ -1098,6 +1372,7 @@ construct(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     hmap_init(&ofproto->facets);
     hmap_init(&ofproto->subfacets);
     ofproto->governor = NULL;
+    ofproto->consistency_rl = LLONG_MIN;
 
     for (i = 0; i < N_TABLES; i++) {
         struct table_dpif *table = &ofproto->tables[i];
@@ -1106,8 +1381,6 @@ construct(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
         table->other_table = NULL;
         table->basis = random_uint32();
     }
-    ofproto->need_revalidate = 0;
-    tag_set_init(&ofproto->revalidate_set);
 
     list_init(&ofproto->completions);
 
@@ -1120,6 +1393,7 @@ construct(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     hmap_init(&ofproto->realdev_vid_map);
 
     sset_init(&ofproto->ports);
+    sset_init(&ofproto->ghost_ports);
     sset_init(&ofproto->port_poll_set);
     ofproto->port_poll_errno = 0;
 
@@ -1147,6 +1421,22 @@ construct(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     error = add_internal_flows(ofproto);
     ofproto->up.tables[TBL_INTERNAL].flags = OFTABLE_HIDDEN | OFTABLE_READONLY;
 
+    ofproto->n_hit = 0;
+    ofproto->n_missed = 0;
+
+    ofproto->max_n_subfacet = 0;
+    ofproto->created = time_msec();
+    ofproto->last_minute = ofproto->created;
+    memset(&ofproto->hourly, 0, sizeof ofproto->hourly);
+    memset(&ofproto->daily, 0, sizeof ofproto->daily);
+    ofproto->subfacet_add_count = 0;
+    ofproto->subfacet_del_count = 0;
+    ofproto->total_subfacet_add_count = 0;
+    ofproto->total_subfacet_del_count = 0;
+    ofproto->total_subfacet_life_span = 0;
+    ofproto->total_subfacet_count = 0;
+    ofproto->n_update_stats = 0;
+
     return error;
 }
 
@@ -1264,6 +1554,7 @@ destruct(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     hmap_destroy(&ofproto->realdev_vid_map);
 
     sset_destroy(&ofproto->ports);
+    sset_destroy(&ofproto->ghost_ports);
     sset_destroy(&ofproto->port_poll_set);
 
     close_dpif_backer(ofproto->backer);
@@ -1275,6 +1566,12 @@ run_fast(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
     struct ofport_dpif *ofport;
 
+    /* Do not perform any periodic activity required by 'ofproto' while
+     * waiting for flow restore to complete. */
+    if (ofproto_get_flow_restore_wait()) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofport, up.hmap_node, &ofproto->up.ports) {
         port_run_fast(ofport);
     }
@@ -1294,6 +1591,12 @@ run(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
         complete_operations(ofproto);
     }
 
+    /* Do not perform any periodic activity below required by 'ofproto' while
+     * waiting for flow restore to complete. */
+    if (ofproto_get_flow_restore_wait()) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     error = run_fast(ofproto_);
     if (error) {
         return error;
@@ -1316,44 +1619,22 @@ run(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     }
 
     stp_run(ofproto);
-    mac_learning_run(ofproto->ml, &ofproto->revalidate_set);
-
-    /* Now revalidate if there's anything to do. */
-    if (ofproto->need_revalidate
-        || !tag_set_is_empty(&ofproto->revalidate_set)) {
-        struct tag_set revalidate_set = ofproto->revalidate_set;
-        bool revalidate_all = ofproto->need_revalidate;
-        struct facet *facet;
-
-        switch (ofproto->need_revalidate) {
-        case REV_RECONFIGURE:   COVERAGE_INC(rev_reconfigure);   break;
-        case REV_STP:           COVERAGE_INC(rev_stp);           break;
-        case REV_PORT_TOGGLED:  COVERAGE_INC(rev_port_toggled);  break;
-        case REV_FLOW_TABLE:    COVERAGE_INC(rev_flow_table);    break;
-        case REV_INCONSISTENCY: COVERAGE_INC(rev_inconsistency); break;
-        }
-
-        /* Clear the revalidation flags. */
-        tag_set_init(&ofproto->revalidate_set);
-        ofproto->need_revalidate = 0;
-
-        HMAP_FOR_EACH (facet, hmap_node, &ofproto->facets) {
-            if (revalidate_all
-                || tag_set_intersects(&revalidate_set, facet->tags)) {
-                facet_revalidate(facet);
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    mac_learning_run(ofproto->ml, &ofproto->backer->revalidate_set);
 
     /* Check the consistency of a random facet, to aid debugging. */
-    if (!hmap_is_empty(&ofproto->facets) && !ofproto->need_revalidate) {
+    if (time_msec() >= ofproto->consistency_rl
+        && !hmap_is_empty(&ofproto->facets)
+        && !ofproto->backer->need_revalidate) {
         struct facet *facet;
 
+        ofproto->consistency_rl = time_msec() + 250;
+
         facet = CONTAINER_OF(hmap_random_node(&ofproto->facets),
                              struct facet, hmap_node);
-        if (!tag_set_intersects(&ofproto->revalidate_set, facet->tags)) {
+        if (!tag_set_intersects(&ofproto->backer->revalidate_set,
+                                facet->xout.tags)) {
             if (!facet_check_consistency(facet)) {
-                ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_INCONSISTENCY;
+                ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_INCONSISTENCY;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1390,12 +1671,16 @@ wait(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
         poll_immediate_wake();
     }
 
+    if (ofproto_get_flow_restore_wait()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     dpif_wait(ofproto->backer->dpif);
     dpif_recv_wait(ofproto->backer->dpif);
     if (ofproto->sflow) {
         dpif_sflow_wait(ofproto->sflow);
     }
-    if (!tag_set_is_empty(&ofproto->revalidate_set)) {
+    if (!tag_set_is_empty(&ofproto->backer->revalidate_set)) {
         poll_immediate_wake();
     }
     HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofport, up.hmap_node, &ofproto->up.ports) {
@@ -1409,7 +1694,7 @@ wait(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     }
     mac_learning_wait(ofproto->ml);
     stp_wait(ofproto);
-    if (ofproto->need_revalidate) {
+    if (ofproto->backer->need_revalidate) {
         /* Shouldn't happen, but if it does just go around again. */
         VLOG_DBG_RL(&rl, "need revalidate in ofproto_wait_cb()");
         poll_immediate_wake();
@@ -1479,13 +1764,18 @@ get_tables(struct ofproto *ofproto_, struct ofp12_table_stats *ots)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
     struct dpif_dp_stats s;
+    uint64_t n_miss, n_no_pkt_in, n_bytes;
+    uint64_t n_lookup;
 
     strcpy(ots->name, "classifier");
 
     dpif_get_dp_stats(ofproto->backer->dpif, &s);
+    rule_get_stats(&ofproto->miss_rule->up, &n_miss, &n_bytes);
+    rule_get_stats(&ofproto->no_packet_in_rule->up, &n_no_pkt_in, &n_bytes);
 
-    ots->lookup_count = htonll(s.n_hit + s.n_missed);
-    ots->matched_count = htonll(s.n_hit + ofproto->n_matches);
+    n_lookup = s.n_hit + s.n_missed;
+    ots->lookup_count = htonll(n_lookup);
+    ots->matched_count = htonll(n_lookup - n_miss - n_no_pkt_in);
 }
 
 static struct ofport *
@@ -1507,23 +1797,36 @@ port_construct(struct ofport *port_)
 {
     struct ofport_dpif *port = ofport_dpif_cast(port_);
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(port->up.ofproto);
+    const struct netdev *netdev = port->up.netdev;
     struct dpif_port dpif_port;
     int error;
 
-    ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+    ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
     port->bundle = NULL;
     port->cfm = NULL;
+    port->bfd = NULL;
     port->tag = tag_create_random();
     port->may_enable = true;
     port->stp_port = NULL;
     port->stp_state = STP_DISABLED;
+    port->tnl_port = NULL;
     hmap_init(&port->priorities);
     port->realdev_ofp_port = 0;
     port->vlandev_vid = 0;
-    port->carrier_seq = netdev_get_carrier_resets(port->up.netdev);
+    port->carrier_seq = netdev_get_carrier_resets(netdev);
+
+    if (netdev_vport_is_patch(netdev)) {
+        /* By bailing out here, we don't submit the port to the sFlow module
+        * to be considered for counter polling export.  This is correct
+        * because the patch port represents an interface that sFlow considers
+        * to be "internal" to the switch as a whole, and therefore not an
+        * candidate for counter polling. */
+        port->odp_port = OVSP_NONE;
+        return 0;
+    }
 
     error = dpif_port_query_by_name(ofproto->backer->dpif,
-                                    netdev_get_name(port->up.netdev),
+                                    netdev_vport_get_dpif_port(netdev),
                                     &dpif_port);
     if (error) {
         return error;
@@ -1531,16 +1834,22 @@ port_construct(struct ofport *port_)
 
     port->odp_port = dpif_port.port_no;
 
-    /* Sanity-check that a mapping doesn't already exist.  This
-     * shouldn't happen. */
-    if (odp_port_to_ofp_port(ofproto, port->odp_port) != OFPP_NONE) {
-        VLOG_ERR("port %s already has an OpenFlow port number\n",
-                 dpif_port.name);
-        return EBUSY;
-    }
+    if (netdev_get_tunnel_config(netdev)) {
+        port->tnl_port = tnl_port_add(&port->up, port->odp_port);
+    } else {
+        /* Sanity-check that a mapping doesn't already exist.  This
+         * shouldn't happen for non-tunnel ports. */
+        if (odp_port_to_ofp_port(ofproto, port->odp_port) != OFPP_NONE) {
+            VLOG_ERR("port %s already has an OpenFlow port number",
+                     dpif_port.name);
+            dpif_port_destroy(&dpif_port);
+            return EBUSY;
+        }
 
-    hmap_insert(&ofproto->backer->odp_to_ofport_map, &port->odp_port_node,
-                hash_int(port->odp_port, 0));
+        hmap_insert(&ofproto->backer->odp_to_ofport_map, &port->odp_port_node,
+                    hash_int(port->odp_port, 0));
+    }
+    dpif_port_destroy(&dpif_port);
 
     if (ofproto->sflow) {
         dpif_sflow_add_port(ofproto->sflow, port_, port->odp_port);
@@ -1554,21 +1863,31 @@ port_destruct(struct ofport *port_)
 {
     struct ofport_dpif *port = ofport_dpif_cast(port_);
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(port->up.ofproto);
+    const char *dp_port_name = netdev_vport_get_dpif_port(port->up.netdev);
     const char *devname = netdev_get_name(port->up.netdev);
 
-    if (dpif_port_exists(ofproto->backer->dpif, devname)) {
+    if (dpif_port_exists(ofproto->backer->dpif, dp_port_name)) {
         /* The underlying device is still there, so delete it.  This
          * happens when the ofproto is being destroyed, since the caller
          * assumes that removal of attached ports will happen as part of
          * destruction. */
-        dpif_port_del(ofproto->backer->dpif, port->odp_port);
+        if (!port->tnl_port) {
+            dpif_port_del(ofproto->backer->dpif, port->odp_port);
+        }
+        ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
     }
 
+    if (port->odp_port != OVSP_NONE && !port->tnl_port) {
+        hmap_remove(&ofproto->backer->odp_to_ofport_map, &port->odp_port_node);
+    }
+
+    tnl_port_del(port->tnl_port);
     sset_find_and_delete(&ofproto->ports, devname);
-    hmap_remove(&ofproto->backer->odp_to_ofport_map, &port->odp_port_node);
-    ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+    sset_find_and_delete(&ofproto->ghost_ports, devname);
+    ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
     bundle_remove(port_);
     set_cfm(port_, NULL);
+    set_bfd(port_, NULL);
     if (ofproto->sflow) {
         dpif_sflow_del_port(ofproto->sflow, port->odp_port);
     }
@@ -1585,6 +1904,10 @@ port_modified(struct ofport *port_)
     if (port->bundle && port->bundle->bond) {
         bond_slave_set_netdev(port->bundle->bond, port, port->up.netdev);
     }
+
+    if (port->cfm) {
+        cfm_set_netdev(port->cfm, port->up.netdev);
+    }
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1597,7 +1920,7 @@ port_reconfigured(struct ofport *port_, enum ofputil_port_config old_config)
     if (changed & (OFPUTIL_PC_NO_RECV | OFPUTIL_PC_NO_RECV_STP |
                    OFPUTIL_PC_NO_FWD | OFPUTIL_PC_NO_FLOOD |
                    OFPUTIL_PC_NO_PACKET_IN)) {
-        ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+        ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
 
         if (changed & OFPUTIL_PC_NO_FLOOD && port->bundle) {
             bundle_update(port->bundle);
@@ -1620,19 +1943,45 @@ set_sflow(struct ofproto *ofproto_,
             HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofport, up.hmap_node, &ofproto->up.ports) {
                 dpif_sflow_add_port(ds, &ofport->up, ofport->odp_port);
             }
-            ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+            ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
         }
         dpif_sflow_set_options(ds, sflow_options);
     } else {
         if (ds) {
             dpif_sflow_destroy(ds);
-            ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+            ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
             ofproto->sflow = NULL;
         }
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int
+set_ipfix(
+    struct ofproto *ofproto_,
+    const struct ofproto_ipfix_bridge_exporter_options *bridge_exporter_options,
+    const struct ofproto_ipfix_flow_exporter_options *flow_exporters_options,
+    size_t n_flow_exporters_options)
+{
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
+    struct dpif_ipfix *di = ofproto->ipfix;
+
+    if (bridge_exporter_options || flow_exporters_options) {
+        if (!di) {
+            di = ofproto->ipfix = dpif_ipfix_create();
+        }
+        dpif_ipfix_set_options(
+            di, bridge_exporter_options, flow_exporters_options,
+            n_flow_exporters_options);
+    } else {
+        if (di) {
+            dpif_ipfix_destroy(di);
+            ofproto->ipfix = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static int
 set_cfm(struct ofport *ofport_, const struct cfm_settings *s)
 {
@@ -1646,8 +1995,8 @@ set_cfm(struct ofport *ofport_, const struct cfm_settings *s)
             struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
 
             ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofport->up.ofproto);
-            ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
-            ofport->cfm = cfm_create(netdev_get_name(ofport->up.netdev));
+            ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+            ofport->cfm = cfm_create(ofport->up.netdev);
         }
 
         if (cfm_configure(ofport->cfm, s)) {
@@ -1661,43 +2010,51 @@ set_cfm(struct ofport *ofport_, const struct cfm_settings *s)
     return error;
 }
 
-static int
-get_cfm_fault(const struct ofport *ofport_)
+static bool
+get_cfm_status(const struct ofport *ofport_,
+               struct ofproto_cfm_status *status)
 {
     struct ofport_dpif *ofport = ofport_dpif_cast(ofport_);
 
-    return ofport->cfm ? cfm_get_fault(ofport->cfm) : -1;
+    if (ofport->cfm) {
+        status->faults = cfm_get_fault(ofport->cfm);
+        status->remote_opstate = cfm_get_opup(ofport->cfm);
+        status->health = cfm_get_health(ofport->cfm);
+        cfm_get_remote_mpids(ofport->cfm, &status->rmps, &status->n_rmps);
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
 }
 
 static int
-get_cfm_opup(const struct ofport *ofport_)
+set_bfd(struct ofport *ofport_, const struct smap *cfg)
 {
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofport_->ofproto);
     struct ofport_dpif *ofport = ofport_dpif_cast(ofport_);
+    struct bfd *old;
+
+    old = ofport->bfd;
+    ofport->bfd = bfd_configure(old, netdev_get_name(ofport->up.netdev), cfg);
+    if (ofport->bfd != old) {
+        ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+    }
 
-    return ofport->cfm ? cfm_get_opup(ofport->cfm) : -1;
+    return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-get_cfm_remote_mpids(const struct ofport *ofport_, const uint64_t **rmps,
-                     size_t *n_rmps)
+get_bfd_status(struct ofport *ofport_, struct smap *smap)
 {
     struct ofport_dpif *ofport = ofport_dpif_cast(ofport_);
 
-    if (ofport->cfm) {
-        cfm_get_remote_mpids(ofport->cfm, rmps, n_rmps);
+    if (ofport->bfd) {
+        bfd_get_status(ofport->bfd, smap);
         return 0;
     } else {
-        return -1;
+        return ENOENT;
     }
 }
-
-static int
-get_cfm_health(const struct ofport *ofport_)
-{
-    struct ofport_dpif *ofport = ofport_dpif_cast(ofport_);
-
-    return ofport->cfm ? cfm_get_health(ofport->cfm) : -1;
-}
 \f
 /* Spanning Tree. */
 
@@ -1734,7 +2091,7 @@ set_stp(struct ofproto *ofproto_, const struct ofproto_stp_settings *s)
 
     /* Only revalidate flows if the configuration changed. */
     if (!s != !ofproto->stp) {
-        ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+        ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
     }
 
     if (s) {
@@ -1802,12 +2159,13 @@ update_stp_port_state(struct ofport_dpif *ofport)
         if (stp_learn_in_state(ofport->stp_state)
                 != stp_learn_in_state(state)) {
             /* xxx Learning action flows should also be flushed. */
-            mac_learning_flush(ofproto->ml, &ofproto->revalidate_set);
+            mac_learning_flush(ofproto->ml,
+                               &ofproto->backer->revalidate_set);
         }
         fwd_change = stp_forward_in_state(ofport->stp_state)
                         != stp_forward_in_state(state);
 
-        ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_STP;
+        ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_STP;
         ofport->stp_state = state;
         ofport->stp_state_entered = time_msec();
 
@@ -1907,7 +2265,7 @@ stp_run(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto)
         }
 
         if (stp_check_and_reset_fdb_flush(ofproto->stp)) {
-            mac_learning_flush(ofproto->ml, &ofproto->revalidate_set);
+            mac_learning_flush(ofproto->ml, &ofproto->backer->revalidate_set);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2005,12 +2363,12 @@ set_queues(struct ofport *ofport_,
             pdscp = xmalloc(sizeof *pdscp);
             pdscp->priority = priority;
             pdscp->dscp = dscp;
-            ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+            ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
         }
 
         if (pdscp->dscp != dscp) {
             pdscp->dscp = dscp;
-            ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+            ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
         }
 
         hmap_insert(&new, &pdscp->hmap_node, hash_int(pdscp->priority, 0));
@@ -2018,7 +2376,7 @@ set_queues(struct ofport *ofport_,
 
     if (!hmap_is_empty(&ofport->priorities)) {
         ofport_clear_priorities(ofport);
-        ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+        ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
     }
 
     hmap_swap(&new, &ofport->priorities);
@@ -2045,7 +2403,7 @@ bundle_flush_macs(struct ofbundle *bundle, bool all_ofprotos)
     struct mac_learning *ml = ofproto->ml;
     struct mac_entry *mac, *next_mac;
 
-    ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+    ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
     LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (mac, next_mac, lru_node, &ml->lrus) {
         if (mac->port.p == bundle) {
             if (all_ofprotos) {
@@ -2058,7 +2416,6 @@ bundle_flush_macs(struct ofbundle *bundle, bool all_ofprotos)
                         e = mac_learning_lookup(o->ml, mac->mac, mac->vlan,
                                                 NULL);
                         if (e) {
-                            tag_set_add(&o->revalidate_set, e->tag);
                             mac_learning_expire(o->ml, e);
                         }
                     }
@@ -2122,7 +2479,7 @@ bundle_del_port(struct ofport_dpif *port)
 {
     struct ofbundle *bundle = port->bundle;
 
-    bundle->ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+    bundle->ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
 
     list_remove(&port->bundle_node);
     port->bundle = NULL;
@@ -2138,9 +2495,8 @@ bundle_del_port(struct ofport_dpif *port)
 }
 
 static bool
-bundle_add_port(struct ofbundle *bundle, uint32_t ofp_port,
-                struct lacp_slave_settings *lacp,
-                uint32_t bond_stable_id)
+bundle_add_port(struct ofbundle *bundle, uint16_t ofp_port,
+                struct lacp_slave_settings *lacp)
 {
     struct ofport_dpif *port;
 
@@ -2150,7 +2506,7 @@ bundle_add_port(struct ofbundle *bundle, uint32_t ofp_port,
     }
 
     if (port->bundle != bundle) {
-        bundle->ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+        bundle->ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
         if (port->bundle) {
             bundle_del_port(port);
         }
@@ -2163,12 +2519,10 @@ bundle_add_port(struct ofbundle *bundle, uint32_t ofp_port,
         }
     }
     if (lacp) {
-        port->bundle->ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+        bundle->ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
         lacp_slave_register(bundle->lacp, port, lacp);
     }
 
-    port->bond_stable_id = bond_stable_id;
-
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -2191,7 +2545,7 @@ bundle_destroy(struct ofbundle *bundle)
                 mirror_destroy(m);
             } else if (hmapx_find_and_delete(&m->srcs, bundle)
                        || hmapx_find_and_delete(&m->dsts, bundle)) {
-                ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+                ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2263,7 +2617,7 @@ bundle_set(struct ofproto *ofproto_, void *aux,
     /* LACP. */
     if (s->lacp) {
         if (!bundle->lacp) {
-            ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+            ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
             bundle->lacp = lacp_create();
         }
         lacp_configure(bundle->lacp, s->lacp);
@@ -2276,8 +2630,7 @@ bundle_set(struct ofproto *ofproto_, void *aux,
     ok = true;
     for (i = 0; i < s->n_slaves; i++) {
         if (!bundle_add_port(bundle, s->slaves[i],
-                             s->lacp ? &s->lacp_slaves[i] : NULL,
-                             s->bond_stable_ids ? s->bond_stable_ids[i] : 0)) {
+                             s->lacp ? &s->lacp_slaves[i] : NULL)) {
             ok = false;
         }
     }
@@ -2369,16 +2722,15 @@ bundle_set(struct ofproto *ofproto_, void *aux,
         bundle->ofproto->has_bonded_bundles = true;
         if (bundle->bond) {
             if (bond_reconfigure(bundle->bond, s->bond)) {
-                ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+                ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
             }
         } else {
             bundle->bond = bond_create(s->bond);
-            ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+            ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
         }
 
         LIST_FOR_EACH (port, bundle_node, &bundle->ports) {
-            bond_slave_register(bundle->bond, port, port->bond_stable_id,
-                                port->up.netdev);
+            bond_slave_register(bundle->bond, port, port->up.netdev);
         }
     } else {
         bond_destroy(bundle->bond);
@@ -2493,7 +2845,7 @@ bundle_run(struct ofbundle *bundle)
             bond_slave_set_may_enable(bundle->bond, port, port->may_enable);
         }
 
-        bond_run(bundle->bond, &bundle->ofproto->revalidate_set,
+        bond_run(bundle->bond, &bundle->ofproto->backer->revalidate_set,
                  lacp_status(bundle->lacp));
         if (bond_should_send_learning_packets(bundle->bond)) {
             bundle_send_learning_packets(bundle);
@@ -2678,9 +3030,10 @@ mirror_set(struct ofproto *ofproto_, void *aux,
         }
     }
 
-    ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+    ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
     ofproto->has_mirrors = true;
-    mac_learning_flush(ofproto->ml, &ofproto->revalidate_set);
+    mac_learning_flush(ofproto->ml,
+                       &ofproto->backer->revalidate_set);
     mirror_update_dups(ofproto);
 
     return 0;
@@ -2699,8 +3052,8 @@ mirror_destroy(struct ofmirror *mirror)
     }
 
     ofproto = mirror->ofproto;
-    ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
-    mac_learning_flush(ofproto->ml, &ofproto->revalidate_set);
+    ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+    mac_learning_flush(ofproto->ml, &ofproto->backer->revalidate_set);
 
     mirror_bit = MIRROR_MASK_C(1) << mirror->idx;
     HMAP_FOR_EACH (bundle, hmap_node, &ofproto->bundles) {
@@ -2740,6 +3093,8 @@ mirror_get_stats(struct ofproto *ofproto_, void *aux,
         return 0;
     }
 
+    push_all_stats();
+
     *packets = mirror->packet_count;
     *bytes = mirror->byte_count;
 
@@ -2751,7 +3106,7 @@ set_flood_vlans(struct ofproto *ofproto_, unsigned long *flood_vlans)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
     if (mac_learning_set_flood_vlans(ofproto->ml, flood_vlans)) {
-        mac_learning_flush(ofproto->ml, &ofproto->revalidate_set);
+        mac_learning_flush(ofproto->ml, &ofproto->backer->revalidate_set);
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2768,7 +3123,7 @@ static void
 forward_bpdu_changed(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
-    ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+    ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -2806,6 +3161,28 @@ ofproto_port_from_dpif_port(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
     ofproto_port->ofp_port = odp_port_to_ofp_port(ofproto, dpif_port->port_no);
 }
 
+static struct ofport_dpif *
+ofport_get_peer(const struct ofport_dpif *ofport_dpif)
+{
+    const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
+    const char *peer;
+
+    peer = netdev_vport_patch_peer(ofport_dpif->up.netdev);
+    if (!peer) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
+        struct ofport *ofport;
+
+        ofport = shash_find_data(&ofproto->up.port_by_name, peer);
+        if (ofport && ofport->ofproto->ofproto_class == &ofproto_dpif_class) {
+            return ofport_dpif_cast(ofport);
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
 static void
 port_run_fast(struct ofport_dpif *ofport)
 {
@@ -2817,6 +3194,15 @@ port_run_fast(struct ofport_dpif *ofport)
         send_packet(ofport, &packet);
         ofpbuf_uninit(&packet);
     }
+
+    if (ofport->bfd && bfd_should_send_packet(ofport->bfd)) {
+        struct ofpbuf packet;
+
+        ofpbuf_init(&packet, 0);
+        bfd_put_packet(ofport->bfd, &packet, ofport->up.pp.hw_addr);
+        send_packet(ofport, &packet);
+        ofpbuf_uninit(&packet);
+    }
 }
 
 static void
@@ -2829,6 +3215,13 @@ port_run(struct ofport_dpif *ofport)
     ofport->carrier_seq = carrier_seq;
 
     port_run_fast(ofport);
+
+    if (ofport->tnl_port
+        && tnl_port_reconfigure(&ofport->up, ofport->odp_port,
+                                &ofport->tnl_port)) {
+        ofproto_dpif_cast(ofport->up.ofproto)->backer->need_revalidate = true;
+    }
+
     if (ofport->cfm) {
         int cfm_opup = cfm_get_opup(ofport->cfm);
 
@@ -2840,6 +3233,11 @@ port_run(struct ofport_dpif *ofport)
         }
     }
 
+    if (ofport->bfd) {
+        bfd_run(ofport->bfd);
+        enable = enable && bfd_forwarding(ofport->bfd);
+    }
+
     if (ofport->bundle) {
         enable = enable && lacp_slave_may_enable(ofport->bundle->lacp, ofport);
         if (carrier_changed) {
@@ -2851,7 +3249,7 @@ port_run(struct ofport_dpif *ofport)
         struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofport->up.ofproto);
 
         if (ofproto->has_bundle_action) {
-            ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_PORT_TOGGLED;
+            ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_PORT_TOGGLED;
         }
     }
 
@@ -2864,6 +3262,10 @@ port_wait(struct ofport_dpif *ofport)
     if (ofport->cfm) {
         cfm_wait(ofport->cfm);
     }
+
+    if (ofport->bfd) {
+        bfd_wait(ofport->bfd);
+    }
 }
 
 static int
@@ -2874,10 +3276,28 @@ port_query_by_name(const struct ofproto *ofproto_, const char *devname,
     struct dpif_port dpif_port;
     int error;
 
-    if (!sset_contains(&ofproto->ports, devname)) {
-        return ENODEV;
-    }
-    error = dpif_port_query_by_name(ofproto->backer->dpif,
+    if (sset_contains(&ofproto->ghost_ports, devname)) {
+        const char *type = netdev_get_type_from_name(devname);
+
+        /* We may be called before ofproto->up.port_by_name is populated with
+         * the appropriate ofport.  For this reason, we must get the name and
+         * type from the netdev layer directly. */
+        if (type) {
+            const struct ofport *ofport;
+
+            ofport = shash_find_data(&ofproto->up.port_by_name, devname);
+            ofproto_port->ofp_port = ofport ? ofport->ofp_port : OFPP_NONE;
+            ofproto_port->name = xstrdup(devname);
+            ofproto_port->type = xstrdup(type);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return ENODEV;
+    }
+
+    if (!sset_contains(&ofproto->ports, devname)) {
+        return ENODEV;
+    }
+    error = dpif_port_query_by_name(ofproto->backer->dpif,
                                     devname, &dpif_port);
     if (!error) {
         ofproto_port_from_dpif_port(ofproto, ofproto_port, &dpif_port);
@@ -2889,29 +3309,52 @@ static int
 port_add(struct ofproto *ofproto_, struct netdev *netdev)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
-    uint32_t odp_port = UINT32_MAX;
-    int error;
+    const char *dp_port_name = netdev_vport_get_dpif_port(netdev);
+    const char *devname = netdev_get_name(netdev);
 
-    error = dpif_port_add(ofproto->backer->dpif, netdev, &odp_port);
-    if (!error) {
-        sset_add(&ofproto->ports, netdev_get_name(netdev));
+    if (netdev_vport_is_patch(netdev)) {
+        sset_add(&ofproto->ghost_ports, netdev_get_name(netdev));
+        return 0;
     }
-    return error;
+
+    if (!dpif_port_exists(ofproto->backer->dpif, dp_port_name)) {
+        uint32_t port_no = UINT32_MAX;
+        int error;
+
+        error = dpif_port_add(ofproto->backer->dpif, netdev, &port_no);
+        if (error) {
+            return error;
+        }
+        if (netdev_get_tunnel_config(netdev)) {
+            simap_put(&ofproto->backer->tnl_backers, dp_port_name, port_no);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (netdev_get_tunnel_config(netdev)) {
+        sset_add(&ofproto->ghost_ports, devname);
+    } else {
+        sset_add(&ofproto->ports, devname);
+    }
+    return 0;
 }
 
 static int
 port_del(struct ofproto *ofproto_, uint16_t ofp_port)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
-    uint32_t odp_port = ofp_port_to_odp_port(ofproto, ofp_port);
+    struct ofport_dpif *ofport = get_ofp_port(ofproto, ofp_port);
     int error = 0;
 
-    if (odp_port != OFPP_NONE) {
-        error = dpif_port_del(ofproto->backer->dpif, odp_port);
+    if (!ofport) {
+        return 0;
     }
-    if (!error) {
-        struct ofport_dpif *ofport = get_ofp_port(ofproto, ofp_port);
-        if (ofport) {
+
+    sset_find_and_delete(&ofproto->ghost_ports,
+                         netdev_get_name(ofport->up.netdev));
+    ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+    if (!ofport->tnl_port) {
+        error = dpif_port_del(ofproto->backer->dpif, ofport->odp_port);
+        if (!error) {
             /* The caller is going to close ofport->up.netdev.  If this is a
              * bonded port, then the bond is using that netdev, so remove it
              * from the bond.  The client will need to reconfigure everything
@@ -2928,6 +3371,8 @@ port_get_stats(const struct ofport *ofport_, struct netdev_stats *stats)
     struct ofport_dpif *ofport = ofport_dpif_cast(ofport_);
     int error;
 
+    push_all_stats();
+
     error = netdev_get_stats(ofport->up.netdev, stats);
 
     if (!error && ofport_->ofp_port == OFPP_LOCAL) {
@@ -2962,57 +3407,56 @@ port_get_stats(const struct ofport *ofport_, struct netdev_stats *stats)
     return error;
 }
 
-/* Account packets for LOCAL port. */
-static void
-ofproto_update_local_port_stats(const struct ofproto *ofproto_,
-                                size_t tx_size, size_t rx_size)
-{
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
-
-    if (rx_size) {
-        ofproto->stats.rx_packets++;
-        ofproto->stats.rx_bytes += rx_size;
-    }
-    if (tx_size) {
-        ofproto->stats.tx_packets++;
-        ofproto->stats.tx_bytes += tx_size;
-    }
-}
-
 struct port_dump_state {
     uint32_t bucket;
     uint32_t offset;
+    bool ghost;
+
+    struct ofproto_port port;
+    bool has_port;
 };
 
 static int
 port_dump_start(const struct ofproto *ofproto_ OVS_UNUSED, void **statep)
 {
-    struct port_dump_state *state;
-
-    *statep = state = xmalloc(sizeof *state);
-    state->bucket = 0;
-    state->offset = 0;
+    *statep = xzalloc(sizeof(struct port_dump_state));
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-port_dump_next(const struct ofproto *ofproto_ OVS_UNUSED, void *state_,
+port_dump_next(const struct ofproto *ofproto_, void *state_,
                struct ofproto_port *port)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
     struct port_dump_state *state = state_;
+    const struct sset *sset;
     struct sset_node *node;
 
-    while ((node = sset_at_position(&ofproto->ports, &state->bucket,
-                               &state->offset))) {
+    if (state->has_port) {
+        ofproto_port_destroy(&state->port);
+        state->has_port = false;
+    }
+    sset = state->ghost ? &ofproto->ghost_ports : &ofproto->ports;
+    while ((node = sset_at_position(sset, &state->bucket, &state->offset))) {
         int error;
 
-        error = port_query_by_name(ofproto_, node->name, port);
-        if (error != ENODEV) {
+        error = port_query_by_name(ofproto_, node->name, &state->port);
+        if (!error) {
+            *port = state->port;
+            state->has_port = true;
+            return 0;
+        } else if (error != ENODEV) {
             return error;
         }
     }
 
+    if (!state->ghost) {
+        state->ghost = true;
+        state->bucket = 0;
+        state->offset = 0;
+        return port_dump_next(ofproto_, state_, port);
+    }
+
     return EOF;
 }
 
@@ -3021,6 +3465,9 @@ port_dump_done(const struct ofproto *ofproto_ OVS_UNUSED, void *state_)
 {
     struct port_dump_state *state = state_;
 
+    if (state->has_port) {
+        ofproto_port_destroy(&state->port);
+    }
     free(state);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3078,17 +3525,17 @@ struct flow_miss {
     enum odp_key_fitness key_fitness;
     const struct nlattr *key;
     size_t key_len;
-    ovs_be16 initial_tci;
+    struct initial_vals initial_vals;
     struct list packets;
     enum dpif_upcall_type upcall_type;
-    uint32_t odp_in_port;
 };
 
 struct flow_miss_op {
     struct dpif_op dpif_op;
-    struct subfacet *subfacet;  /* Subfacet  */
-    void *garbage;              /* Pointer to pass to free(), NULL if none. */
-    uint64_t stub[1024 / 8];    /* Temporary buffer. */
+
+    uint64_t slow_stub[128 / 8]; /* Buffer for compose_slow_path() */
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+    bool xout_garbage;           /* 'xout' needs to be uninitialized? */
 };
 
 /* Sends an OFPT_PACKET_IN message for 'packet' of type OFPR_NO_MATCH to each
@@ -3117,19 +3564,20 @@ send_packet_in_miss(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct ofpbuf *packet,
 
 static enum slow_path_reason
 process_special(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
-                const struct ofpbuf *packet)
+                const struct ofport_dpif *ofport, const struct ofpbuf *packet)
 {
-    struct ofport_dpif *ofport = get_ofp_port(ofproto, flow->in_port);
-
     if (!ofport) {
         return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (ofport->cfm && cfm_should_process_flow(ofport->cfm, flow)) {
+    } else if (ofport->cfm && cfm_should_process_flow(ofport->cfm, flow)) {
         if (packet) {
             cfm_process_heartbeat(ofport->cfm, packet);
         }
         return SLOW_CFM;
+    } else if (ofport->bfd && bfd_should_process_flow(flow)) {
+        if (packet) {
+            bfd_process_packet(ofport->bfd, flow, packet);
+        }
+        return SLOW_BFD;
     } else if (ofport->bundle && ofport->bundle->lacp
                && flow->dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_LACP)) {
         if (packet) {
@@ -3141,17 +3589,19 @@ process_special(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
             stp_process_packet(ofport, packet);
         }
         return SLOW_STP;
+    } else {
+        return 0;
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static struct flow_miss *
-flow_miss_find(struct hmap *todo, const struct flow *flow, uint32_t hash)
+flow_miss_find(struct hmap *todo, const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
+               const struct flow *flow, uint32_t hash)
 {
     struct flow_miss *miss;
 
     HMAP_FOR_EACH_WITH_HASH (miss, hmap_node, hash, todo) {
-        if (flow_equal(&miss->flow, flow)) {
+        if (miss->ofproto == ofproto && flow_equal(&miss->flow, flow)) {
             return miss;
         }
     }
@@ -3168,7 +3618,7 @@ static void
 init_flow_miss_execute_op(struct flow_miss *miss, struct ofpbuf *packet,
                           struct flow_miss_op *op)
 {
-    if (miss->flow.vlan_tci != miss->initial_tci) {
+    if (miss->flow.vlan_tci != miss->initial_vals.vlan_tci) {
         /* This packet was received on a VLAN splinter port.  We
          * added a VLAN to the packet to make the packet resemble
          * the flow, but the actions were composed assuming that
@@ -3178,8 +3628,7 @@ init_flow_miss_execute_op(struct flow_miss *miss, struct ofpbuf *packet,
         eth_pop_vlan(packet);
     }
 
-    op->subfacet = NULL;
-    op->garbage = NULL;
+    op->xout_garbage = false;
     op->dpif_op.type = DPIF_OP_EXECUTE;
     op->dpif_op.u.execute.key = miss->key;
     op->dpif_op.u.execute.key_len = miss->key_len;
@@ -3194,8 +3643,6 @@ handle_flow_miss_common(struct rule_dpif *rule,
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(rule->up.ofproto);
 
-    ofproto->n_matches++;
-
     if (rule->up.cr.priority == FAIL_OPEN_PRIORITY) {
         /*
          * Extra-special case for fail-open mode.
@@ -3241,43 +3688,40 @@ flow_miss_should_make_facet(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
  * increment '*n_ops'. */
 static void
 handle_flow_miss_without_facet(struct flow_miss *miss,
-                               struct rule_dpif *rule,
                                struct flow_miss_op *ops, size_t *n_ops)
 {
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(rule->up.ofproto);
+    struct rule_dpif *rule = rule_dpif_lookup(miss->ofproto, &miss->flow);
     long long int now = time_msec();
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
     struct ofpbuf *packet;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
 
     LIST_FOR_EACH (packet, list_node, &miss->packets) {
         struct flow_miss_op *op = &ops[*n_ops];
         struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-        struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
 
         COVERAGE_INC(facet_suppress);
 
-        ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions, op->stub, sizeof op->stub);
+        handle_flow_miss_common(rule, packet, &miss->flow);
 
         dpif_flow_stats_extract(&miss->flow, packet, now, &stats);
         rule_credit_stats(rule, &stats);
 
-        action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, &miss->flow, miss->initial_tci,
-                              rule, 0, packet);
-        ctx.resubmit_stats = &stats;
-        xlate_actions(&ctx, rule->up.ofpacts, rule->up.ofpacts_len,
-                      &odp_actions);
+        xlate_in_init(&xin, miss->ofproto, &miss->flow, &miss->initial_vals,
+                      rule, stats.tcp_flags, packet);
+        xin.resubmit_stats = &stats;
+        xlate_actions(&xin, &op->xout);
 
-        if (odp_actions.size) {
+        if (op->xout.odp_actions.size) {
             struct dpif_execute *execute = &op->dpif_op.u.execute;
 
             init_flow_miss_execute_op(miss, packet, op);
-            execute->actions = odp_actions.data;
-            execute->actions_len = odp_actions.size;
-            op->garbage = ofpbuf_get_uninit_pointer(&odp_actions);
+            execute->actions = op->xout.odp_actions.data;
+            execute->actions_len = op->xout.odp_actions.size;
+            op->xout_garbage = true;
 
             (*n_ops)++;
         } else {
-            ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
+            xlate_out_uninit(&op->xout);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -3302,60 +3746,52 @@ handle_flow_miss_with_facet(struct flow_miss *miss, struct facet *facet,
     struct ofpbuf *packet;
 
     subfacet = subfacet_create(facet, miss, now);
+    want_path = subfacet->facet->xout.slow ? SF_SLOW_PATH : SF_FAST_PATH;
 
     LIST_FOR_EACH (packet, list_node, &miss->packets) {
         struct flow_miss_op *op = &ops[*n_ops];
         struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-        struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
 
         handle_flow_miss_common(facet->rule, packet, &miss->flow);
 
-        ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions, op->stub, sizeof op->stub);
-        if (!subfacet->actions || subfacet->slow) {
-            subfacet_make_actions(subfacet, packet, &odp_actions);
+        if (want_path != SF_FAST_PATH) {
+            struct xlate_in xin;
+
+            xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, &facet->flow, &facet->initial_vals,
+                          facet->rule, 0, packet);
+            xlate_actions_for_side_effects(&xin);
         }
 
         dpif_flow_stats_extract(&facet->flow, packet, now, &stats);
         subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, &stats);
 
-        if (subfacet->actions_len) {
+        if (facet->xout.odp_actions.size) {
             struct dpif_execute *execute = &op->dpif_op.u.execute;
 
             init_flow_miss_execute_op(miss, packet, op);
-            op->subfacet = subfacet;
-            if (!subfacet->slow) {
-                execute->actions = subfacet->actions;
-                execute->actions_len = subfacet->actions_len;
-                ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
-            } else {
-                execute->actions = odp_actions.data;
-                execute->actions_len = odp_actions.size;
-                op->garbage = ofpbuf_get_uninit_pointer(&odp_actions);
-            }
-
+            execute->actions = facet->xout.odp_actions.data,
+            execute->actions_len = facet->xout.odp_actions.size;
             (*n_ops)++;
-        } else {
-            ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
         }
     }
 
-    want_path = subfacet_want_path(subfacet->slow);
     if (miss->upcall_type == DPIF_UC_MISS || subfacet->path != want_path) {
         struct flow_miss_op *op = &ops[(*n_ops)++];
         struct dpif_flow_put *put = &op->dpif_op.u.flow_put;
 
-        op->subfacet = subfacet;
-        op->garbage = NULL;
+        subfacet->path = want_path;
+
+        op->xout_garbage = false;
         op->dpif_op.type = DPIF_OP_FLOW_PUT;
         put->flags = DPIF_FP_CREATE | DPIF_FP_MODIFY;
         put->key = miss->key;
         put->key_len = miss->key_len;
         if (want_path == SF_FAST_PATH) {
-            put->actions = subfacet->actions;
-            put->actions_len = subfacet->actions_len;
+            put->actions = facet->xout.odp_actions.data;
+            put->actions_len = facet->xout.odp_actions.size;
         } else {
-            compose_slow_path(ofproto, &facet->flow, subfacet->slow,
-                              op->stub, sizeof op->stub,
+            compose_slow_path(ofproto, &facet->flow, facet->xout.slow,
+                              op->slow_stub, sizeof op->slow_stub,
                               &put->actions, &put->actions_len);
         }
         put->stats = NULL;
@@ -3379,14 +3815,18 @@ handle_flow_miss(struct flow_miss *miss, struct flow_miss_op *ops,
 
     facet = facet_lookup_valid(ofproto, &miss->flow, hash);
     if (!facet) {
-        struct rule_dpif *rule = rule_dpif_lookup(ofproto, &miss->flow);
-
-        if (!flow_miss_should_make_facet(ofproto, miss, hash)) {
-            handle_flow_miss_without_facet(miss, rule, ops, n_ops);
+        /* There does not exist a bijection between 'struct flow' and datapath
+         * flow keys with fitness ODP_FIT_TO_LITTLE.  This breaks a fundamental
+         * assumption used throughout the facet and subfacet handling code.
+         * Since we have to handle these misses in userspace anyway, we simply
+         * skip facet creation, avoiding the problem altogether. */
+        if (miss->key_fitness == ODP_FIT_TOO_LITTLE
+            || !flow_miss_should_make_facet(ofproto, miss, hash)) {
+            handle_flow_miss_without_facet(miss, ops, n_ops);
             return;
         }
 
-        facet = facet_create(rule, &miss->flow, hash);
+        facet = facet_create(miss, hash);
         now = facet->used;
     } else {
         now = time_msec();
@@ -3394,6 +3834,47 @@ handle_flow_miss(struct flow_miss *miss, struct flow_miss_op *ops,
     handle_flow_miss_with_facet(miss, facet, now, ops, n_ops);
 }
 
+static struct drop_key *
+drop_key_lookup(const struct dpif_backer *backer, const struct nlattr *key,
+                size_t key_len)
+{
+    struct drop_key *drop_key;
+
+    HMAP_FOR_EACH_WITH_HASH (drop_key, hmap_node, hash_bytes(key, key_len, 0),
+                             &backer->drop_keys) {
+        if (drop_key->key_len == key_len
+            && !memcmp(drop_key->key, key, key_len)) {
+            return drop_key;
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+drop_key_clear(struct dpif_backer *backer)
+{
+    static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 15);
+    struct drop_key *drop_key, *next;
+
+    HMAP_FOR_EACH_SAFE (drop_key, next, hmap_node, &backer->drop_keys) {
+        int error;
+
+        error = dpif_flow_del(backer->dpif, drop_key->key, drop_key->key_len,
+                              NULL);
+        if (error && !VLOG_DROP_WARN(&rl)) {
+            struct ds ds = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
+            odp_flow_key_format(drop_key->key, drop_key->key_len, &ds);
+            VLOG_WARN("Failed to delete drop key (%s) (%s)", strerror(error),
+                      ds_cstr(&ds));
+            ds_destroy(&ds);
+        }
+
+        hmap_remove(&backer->drop_keys, &drop_key->hmap_node);
+        free(drop_key->key);
+        free(drop_key);
+    }
+}
+
 /* Given a datpath, packet, and flow metadata ('backer', 'packet', and 'key'
  * respectively), populates 'flow' with the result of odp_flow_key_to_flow().
  * Optionally, if nonnull, populates 'fitnessp' with the fitness of 'flow' as
@@ -3411,10 +3892,15 @@ handle_flow_miss(struct flow_miss *miss, struct flow_miss_op *ops,
  * flow->vlan_tci correctly for the VLAN of the VLAN splinter port, and pushes
  * a VLAN header onto 'packet' (if it is nonnull).
  *
- * Optionally, if nonnull, sets '*initial_tci' to the VLAN TCI with which the
- * packet was really received, that is, the actual VLAN TCI extracted by
- * odp_flow_key_to_flow().  (This differs from the value returned in
- * flow->vlan_tci only for packets received on VLAN splinters.)
+ * Optionally, if 'initial_vals' is nonnull, sets 'initial_vals->vlan_tci'
+ * to the VLAN TCI with which the packet was really received, that is, the
+ * actual VLAN TCI extracted by odp_flow_key_to_flow().  (This differs from
+ * the value returned in flow->vlan_tci only for packets received on
+ * VLAN splinters.)
+ *
+ * Similarly, this function also includes some logic to help with tunnels.  It
+ * may modify 'flow' as necessary to make the tunneling implementation
+ * transparent to the upcall processing logic.
  *
  * Returns 0 if successful, ENODEV if the parsed flow has no associated ofport,
  * or some other positive errno if there are other problems. */
@@ -3423,11 +3909,11 @@ ofproto_receive(const struct dpif_backer *backer, struct ofpbuf *packet,
                 const struct nlattr *key, size_t key_len,
                 struct flow *flow, enum odp_key_fitness *fitnessp,
                 struct ofproto_dpif **ofproto, uint32_t *odp_in_port,
-                ovs_be16 *initial_tci)
+                struct initial_vals *initial_vals)
 {
     const struct ofport_dpif *port;
     enum odp_key_fitness fitness;
-    int error;
+    int error = ENODEV;
 
     fitness = odp_flow_key_to_flow(key, key_len, flow);
     if (fitness == ODP_FIT_ERROR) {
@@ -3435,52 +3921,56 @@ ofproto_receive(const struct dpif_backer *backer, struct ofpbuf *packet,
         goto exit;
     }
 
-    if (initial_tci) {
-        *initial_tci = flow->vlan_tci;
+    if (initial_vals) {
+        initial_vals->vlan_tci = flow->vlan_tci;
     }
 
     if (odp_in_port) {
         *odp_in_port = flow->in_port;
     }
 
-    port = odp_port_to_ofport(backer, flow->in_port);
+    port = (tnl_port_should_receive(flow)
+            ? ofport_dpif_cast(tnl_port_receive(flow))
+            : odp_port_to_ofport(backer, flow->in_port));
+    flow->in_port = port ? port->up.ofp_port : OFPP_NONE;
     if (!port) {
-        flow->in_port = OFPP_NONE;
-        error = ofproto ? ENODEV : 0;
         goto exit;
     }
 
-    if (ofproto) {
-        *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(port->up.ofproto);
-    }
+    /* XXX: Since the tunnel module is not scoped per backer, for a tunnel port
+     * it's theoretically possible that we'll receive an ofport belonging to an
+     * entirely different datapath.  In practice, this can't happen because no
+     * platforms has two separate datapaths which each support tunneling. */
+    ovs_assert(ofproto_dpif_cast(port->up.ofproto)->backer == backer);
 
-    flow->in_port = port->up.ofp_port;
     if (vsp_adjust_flow(ofproto_dpif_cast(port->up.ofproto), flow)) {
         if (packet) {
-            /* Make the packet resemble the flow, so that it gets sent to an
-             * OpenFlow controller properly, so that it looks correct for
-             * sFlow, and so that flow_extract() will get the correct vlan_tci
-             * if it is called on 'packet'.
+            /* Make the packet resemble the flow, so that it gets sent to
+             * an OpenFlow controller properly, so that it looks correct
+             * for sFlow, and so that flow_extract() will get the correct
+             * vlan_tci if it is called on 'packet'.
              *
              * The allocated space inside 'packet' probably also contains
-             * 'key', that is, both 'packet' and 'key' are probably part of a
-             * struct dpif_upcall (see the large comment on that structure
-             * definition), so pushing data on 'packet' is in general not a
-             * good idea since it could overwrite 'key' or free it as a side
-             * effect.  However, it's OK in this special case because we know
-             * that 'packet' is inside a Netlink attribute: pushing 4 bytes
-             * will just overwrite the 4-byte "struct nlattr", which is fine
-             * since we don't need that header anymore. */
+             * 'key', that is, both 'packet' and 'key' are probably part of
+             * a struct dpif_upcall (see the large comment on that
+             * structure definition), so pushing data on 'packet' is in
+             * general not a good idea since it could overwrite 'key' or
+             * free it as a side effect.  However, it's OK in this special
+             * case because we know that 'packet' is inside a Netlink
+             * attribute: pushing 4 bytes will just overwrite the 4-byte
+             * "struct nlattr", which is fine since we don't need that
+             * header anymore. */
             eth_push_vlan(packet, flow->vlan_tci);
         }
-
-        /* Let the caller know that we can't reproduce 'key' from 'flow'. */
-        if (fitness == ODP_FIT_PERFECT) {
-            fitness = ODP_FIT_TOO_MUCH;
-        }
+        /* We can't reproduce 'key' from 'flow'. */
+        fitness = fitness == ODP_FIT_PERFECT ? ODP_FIT_TOO_MUCH : fitness;
     }
     error = 0;
 
+    if (ofproto) {
+        *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(port->up.ofproto);
+    }
+
 exit:
     if (fitnessp) {
         *fitnessp = fitness;
@@ -3524,31 +4014,49 @@ handle_miss_upcalls(struct dpif_backer *backer, struct dpif_upcall *upcalls,
 
         error = ofproto_receive(backer, upcall->packet, upcall->key,
                                 upcall->key_len, &flow, &miss->key_fitness,
-                                &ofproto, &odp_in_port, &miss->initial_tci);
+                                &ofproto, &odp_in_port, &miss->initial_vals);
         if (error == ENODEV) {
-            /* Received packet on port for which we couldn't associate
-             * an ofproto.  This can happen if a port is removed while
-             * traffic is being received.  Print a rate-limited message
-             * in case it happens frequently. */
-            VLOG_INFO_RL(&rl, "received packet on unassociated port %"PRIu32,
-                         flow.in_port);
+            struct drop_key *drop_key;
+
+            /* Received packet on datapath port for which we couldn't
+             * associate an ofproto.  This can happen if a port is removed
+             * while traffic is being received.  Print a rate-limited message
+             * in case it happens frequently.  Install a drop flow so
+             * that future packets of the flow are inexpensively dropped
+             * in the kernel. */
+            VLOG_INFO_RL(&rl, "received packet on unassociated datapath port "
+                              "%"PRIu32, odp_in_port);
+
+            drop_key = drop_key_lookup(backer, upcall->key, upcall->key_len);
+            if (!drop_key) {
+                drop_key = xmalloc(sizeof *drop_key);
+                drop_key->key = xmemdup(upcall->key, upcall->key_len);
+                drop_key->key_len = upcall->key_len;
+
+                hmap_insert(&backer->drop_keys, &drop_key->hmap_node,
+                            hash_bytes(drop_key->key, drop_key->key_len, 0));
+                dpif_flow_put(backer->dpif, DPIF_FP_CREATE | DPIF_FP_MODIFY,
+                              drop_key->key, drop_key->key_len, NULL, 0, NULL);
+            }
+            continue;
         }
         if (error) {
             continue;
         }
+
+        ofproto->n_missed++;
         flow_extract(upcall->packet, flow.skb_priority, flow.skb_mark,
                      &flow.tunnel, flow.in_port, &miss->flow);
 
         /* Add other packets to a to-do list. */
         hash = flow_hash(&miss->flow, 0);
-        existing_miss = flow_miss_find(&todo, &miss->flow, hash);
+        existing_miss = flow_miss_find(&todo, ofproto, &miss->flow, hash);
         if (!existing_miss) {
             hmap_insert(&todo, &miss->hmap_node, hash);
             miss->ofproto = ofproto;
             miss->key = upcall->key;
             miss->key_len = upcall->key_len;
             miss->upcall_type = upcall->type;
-            miss->odp_in_port = odp_in_port;
             list_init(&miss->packets);
 
             n_misses++;
@@ -3572,32 +4080,20 @@ handle_miss_upcalls(struct dpif_backer *backer, struct dpif_upcall *upcalls,
     }
     dpif_operate(backer->dpif, dpif_ops, n_ops);
 
-    /* Free memory and update facets. */
+    /* Free memory. */
     for (i = 0; i < n_ops; i++) {
-        struct flow_miss_op *op = &flow_miss_ops[i];
-
-        switch (op->dpif_op.type) {
-        case DPIF_OP_EXECUTE:
-            break;
-
-        case DPIF_OP_FLOW_PUT:
-            if (!op->dpif_op.error) {
-                op->subfacet->path = subfacet_want_path(op->subfacet->slow);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case DPIF_OP_FLOW_DEL:
-            NOT_REACHED();
+        if (flow_miss_ops[i].xout_garbage) {
+            xlate_out_uninit(&flow_miss_ops[i].xout);
         }
-
-        free(op->garbage);
     }
     hmap_destroy(&todo);
 }
 
-static enum { SFLOW_UPCALL, MISS_UPCALL, BAD_UPCALL }
+static enum { SFLOW_UPCALL, MISS_UPCALL, BAD_UPCALL, FLOW_SAMPLE_UPCALL,
+              IPFIX_UPCALL }
 classify_upcall(const struct dpif_upcall *upcall)
 {
+    size_t userdata_len;
     union user_action_cookie cookie;
 
     /* First look at the upcall type. */
@@ -3615,17 +4111,34 @@ classify_upcall(const struct dpif_upcall *upcall)
     }
 
     /* "action" upcalls need a closer look. */
-    memcpy(&cookie, &upcall->userdata, sizeof(cookie));
-    switch (cookie.type) {
-    case USER_ACTION_COOKIE_SFLOW:
+    if (!upcall->userdata) {
+        VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "action upcall missing cookie");
+        return BAD_UPCALL;
+    }
+    userdata_len = nl_attr_get_size(upcall->userdata);
+    if (userdata_len < sizeof cookie.type
+        || userdata_len > sizeof cookie) {
+        VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "action upcall cookie has unexpected size %zu",
+                     userdata_len);
+        return BAD_UPCALL;
+    }
+    memset(&cookie, 0, sizeof cookie);
+    memcpy(&cookie, nl_attr_get(upcall->userdata), userdata_len);
+    if (userdata_len == sizeof cookie.sflow
+        && cookie.type == USER_ACTION_COOKIE_SFLOW) {
         return SFLOW_UPCALL;
-
-    case USER_ACTION_COOKIE_SLOW_PATH:
+    } else if (userdata_len == sizeof cookie.slow_path
+               && cookie.type == USER_ACTION_COOKIE_SLOW_PATH) {
         return MISS_UPCALL;
-
-    case USER_ACTION_COOKIE_UNSPEC:
-    default:
-        VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "invalid user cookie : 0x%"PRIx64, upcall->userdata);
+    } else if (userdata_len == sizeof cookie.flow_sample
+               && cookie.type == USER_ACTION_COOKIE_FLOW_SAMPLE) {
+        return FLOW_SAMPLE_UPCALL;
+    } else if (userdata_len == sizeof cookie.ipfix
+               && cookie.type == USER_ACTION_COOKIE_IPFIX) {
+        return IPFIX_UPCALL;
+    } else {
+        VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "invalid user cookie of type %"PRIu16
+                     " and size %zu", cookie.type, userdata_len);
         return BAD_UPCALL;
     }
 }
@@ -3645,11 +4158,56 @@ handle_sflow_upcall(struct dpif_backer *backer,
         return;
     }
 
-    memcpy(&cookie, &upcall->userdata, sizeof(cookie));
+    memset(&cookie, 0, sizeof cookie);
+    memcpy(&cookie, nl_attr_get(upcall->userdata), sizeof cookie.sflow);
     dpif_sflow_received(ofproto->sflow, upcall->packet, &flow,
                         odp_in_port, &cookie);
 }
 
+static void
+handle_flow_sample_upcall(struct dpif_backer *backer,
+                          const struct dpif_upcall *upcall)
+{
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
+    union user_action_cookie cookie;
+    struct flow flow;
+
+    if (ofproto_receive(backer, upcall->packet, upcall->key, upcall->key_len,
+                        &flow, NULL, &ofproto, NULL, NULL)
+        || !ofproto->ipfix) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    memset(&cookie, 0, sizeof cookie);
+    memcpy(&cookie, nl_attr_get(upcall->userdata), sizeof cookie.flow_sample);
+
+    /* The flow reflects exactly the contents of the packet.  Sample
+     * the packet using it. */
+    dpif_ipfix_flow_sample(ofproto->ipfix, upcall->packet, &flow,
+                           cookie.flow_sample.collector_set_id,
+                           cookie.flow_sample.probability,
+                           cookie.flow_sample.obs_domain_id,
+                           cookie.flow_sample.obs_point_id);
+}
+
+static void
+handle_ipfix_upcall(struct dpif_backer *backer,
+                    const struct dpif_upcall *upcall)
+{
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
+    struct flow flow;
+
+    if (ofproto_receive(backer, upcall->packet, upcall->key, upcall->key_len,
+                        &flow, NULL, &ofproto, NULL, NULL)
+        || !ofproto->ipfix) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* The flow reflects exactly the contents of the packet.  Sample
+     * the packet using it. */
+    dpif_ipfix_bridge_sample(ofproto->ipfix, upcall->packet, &flow);
+}
+
 static int
 handle_upcalls(struct dpif_backer *backer, unsigned int max_batch)
 {
@@ -3687,6 +4245,16 @@ handle_upcalls(struct dpif_backer *backer, unsigned int max_batch)
             ofpbuf_uninit(buf);
             break;
 
+        case FLOW_SAMPLE_UPCALL:
+            handle_flow_sample_upcall(backer, upcall);
+            ofpbuf_uninit(buf);
+            break;
+
+        case IPFIX_UPCALL:
+            handle_ipfix_upcall(backer, upcall);
+            ofpbuf_uninit(buf);
+            break;
+
         case BAD_UPCALL:
             ofpbuf_uninit(buf);
             break;
@@ -3721,18 +4289,24 @@ expire(struct dpif_backer *backer)
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
     int max_idle = INT32_MAX;
 
+    /* Periodically clear out the drop keys in an effort to keep them
+     * relatively few. */
+    drop_key_clear(backer);
+
     /* Update stats for each flow in the backer. */
     update_stats(backer);
 
     HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
-        struct rule_dpif *rule, *next_rule;
-        struct oftable *table;
+        struct rule *rule, *next_rule;
         int dp_max_idle;
 
         if (ofproto->backer != backer) {
             continue;
         }
 
+        /* Keep track of the max number of flows per ofproto_dpif. */
+        update_max_subfacet_count(ofproto);
+
         /* Expire subfacets that have been idle too long. */
         dp_max_idle = subfacet_max_idle(ofproto);
         expire_subfacets(ofproto, dp_max_idle);
@@ -3741,13 +4315,9 @@ expire(struct dpif_backer *backer)
 
         /* Expire OpenFlow flows whose idle_timeout or hard_timeout
          * has passed. */
-        OFPROTO_FOR_EACH_TABLE (table, &ofproto->up) {
-            struct cls_cursor cursor;
-
-            cls_cursor_init(&cursor, &table->cls, NULL);
-            CLS_CURSOR_FOR_EACH_SAFE (rule, next_rule, up.cr, &cursor) {
-                rule_expire(rule);
-            }
+        LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (rule, next_rule, expirable,
+                            &ofproto->up.expirable) {
+            rule_expire(rule_dpif_cast(rule));
         }
 
         /* All outstanding data in existing flows has been accounted, so it's a
@@ -3757,7 +4327,7 @@ expire(struct dpif_backer *backer)
 
             HMAP_FOR_EACH (bundle, hmap_node, &ofproto->bundles) {
                 if (bundle->bond) {
-                    bond_rebalance(bundle->bond, &ofproto->revalidate_set);
+                    bond_rebalance(bundle->bond, &backer->revalidate_set);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -3773,32 +4343,36 @@ update_subfacet_stats(struct subfacet *subfacet,
                       const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
 {
     struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
+    struct dpif_flow_stats diff;
+
+    diff.tcp_flags = stats->tcp_flags;
+    diff.used = stats->used;
 
     if (stats->n_packets >= subfacet->dp_packet_count) {
-        uint64_t extra = stats->n_packets - subfacet->dp_packet_count;
-        facet->packet_count += extra;
+        diff.n_packets = stats->n_packets - subfacet->dp_packet_count;
     } else {
         VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "unexpected packet count from the datapath");
+        diff.n_packets = 0;
     }
 
     if (stats->n_bytes >= subfacet->dp_byte_count) {
-        facet->byte_count += stats->n_bytes - subfacet->dp_byte_count;
+        diff.n_bytes = stats->n_bytes - subfacet->dp_byte_count;
     } else {
         VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "unexpected byte count from datapath");
+        diff.n_bytes = 0;
     }
 
+    ofproto->n_hit += diff.n_packets;
     subfacet->dp_packet_count = stats->n_packets;
     subfacet->dp_byte_count = stats->n_bytes;
+    subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, &diff);
 
-    facet->tcp_flags |= stats->tcp_flags;
-
-    subfacet_update_time(subfacet, stats->used);
     if (facet->accounted_bytes < facet->byte_count) {
         facet_learn(facet);
         facet_account(facet);
         facet->accounted_bytes = facet->byte_count;
     }
-    facet_push_stats(facet);
 }
 
 /* 'key' with length 'key_len' bytes is a flow in 'dpif' that we know nothing
@@ -3830,6 +4404,11 @@ delete_unexpected_flow(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
  * avoided by calling update_stats() whenever rules are created or
  * deleted.  However, the performance impact of making so many calls to the
  * datapath do not justify the benefit of having perfectly accurate statistics.
+ *
+ * In addition, this function maintains per ofproto flow hit counts. The patch
+ * port is not treated specially. e.g. A packet ingress from br0 patched into
+ * br1 will increase the hit count of br0 by 1, however, does not affect
+ * the hit or miss counts of br1.
  */
 static void
 update_stats(struct dpif_backer *backer)
@@ -3837,36 +4416,25 @@ update_stats(struct dpif_backer *backer)
     const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats;
     struct dpif_flow_dump dump;
     const struct nlattr *key;
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
     size_t key_len;
 
     dpif_flow_dump_start(&dump, backer->dpif);
     while (dpif_flow_dump_next(&dump, &key, &key_len, NULL, NULL, &stats)) {
         struct flow flow;
         struct subfacet *subfacet;
-        enum odp_key_fitness fitness;
-        struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
-        struct ofport_dpif *port;
         uint32_t key_hash;
 
-        fitness = odp_flow_key_to_flow(key, key_len, &flow);
-        if (fitness == ODP_FIT_ERROR) {
+        if (ofproto_receive(backer, NULL, key, key_len, &flow, NULL, &ofproto,
+                            NULL, NULL)) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        port = odp_port_to_ofport(backer, flow.in_port);
-        if (!port) {
-            /* This flow is for a port for which we couldn't associate an
-             * ofproto.  This can happen if a port is removed while
-             * traffic is being received.  Ignore this flow, since it
-             * will get timed out. */
-            continue;
-        }
+        ofproto->total_subfacet_count += hmap_count(&ofproto->subfacets);
+        ofproto->n_update_stats++;
 
-        ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(port->up.ofproto);
-        flow.in_port = port->up.ofp_port;
         key_hash = odp_flow_key_hash(key, key_len);
-
-        subfacet = subfacet_find(ofproto, key, key_len, key_hash, &flow);
+        subfacet = subfacet_find(ofproto, key, key_len, key_hash);
         switch (subfacet ? subfacet->path : SF_NOT_INSTALLED) {
         case SF_FAST_PATH:
             update_subfacet_stats(subfacet, stats);
@@ -3881,8 +4449,14 @@ update_stats(struct dpif_backer *backer)
             delete_unexpected_flow(ofproto, key, key_len);
             break;
         }
+        run_fast_rl();
     }
     dpif_flow_dump_done(&dump);
+
+    HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
+        update_moving_averages(ofproto);
+    }
+
 }
 
 /* Calculates and returns the number of milliseconds of idle time after which
@@ -3992,7 +4566,8 @@ expire_subfacets(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, int dp_max_idle)
                         &ofproto->subfacets) {
         long long int cutoff;
 
-        cutoff = (subfacet->slow & (SLOW_CFM | SLOW_LACP | SLOW_STP)
+        cutoff = (subfacet->facet->xout.slow & (SLOW_CFM | SLOW_BFD | SLOW_LACP
+                                                | SLOW_STP)
                   ? special_cutoff
                   : normal_cutoff);
         if (subfacet->used < cutoff) {
@@ -4053,45 +4628,55 @@ rule_expire(struct rule_dpif *rule)
 \f
 /* Facets. */
 
-/* Creates and returns a new facet owned by 'rule', given a 'flow'.
+/* Creates and returns a new facet based on 'miss'.
  *
  * The caller must already have determined that no facet with an identical
- * 'flow' exists in 'ofproto' and that 'flow' is the best match for 'rule' in
- * the ofproto's classifier table.
+ * 'miss->flow' exists in 'miss->ofproto'.
  *
- * 'hash' must be the return value of flow_hash(flow, 0).
+ * 'hash' must be the return value of flow_hash(miss->flow, 0).
  *
  * The facet will initially have no subfacets.  The caller should create (at
  * least) one subfacet with subfacet_create(). */
 static struct facet *
-facet_create(struct rule_dpif *rule, const struct flow *flow, uint32_t hash)
+facet_create(const struct flow_miss *miss, uint32_t hash)
 {
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(rule->up.ofproto);
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = miss->ofproto;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
     struct facet *facet;
 
     facet = xzalloc(sizeof *facet);
     facet->used = time_msec();
+    facet->flow = miss->flow;
+    facet->initial_vals = miss->initial_vals;
+    facet->rule = rule_dpif_lookup(ofproto, &facet->flow);
+    facet->learn_rl = time_msec() + 500;
+
     hmap_insert(&ofproto->facets, &facet->hmap_node, hash);
-    list_push_back(&rule->facets, &facet->list_node);
-    facet->rule = rule;
-    facet->flow = *flow;
+    list_push_back(&facet->rule->facets, &facet->list_node);
     list_init(&facet->subfacets);
     netflow_flow_init(&facet->nf_flow);
     netflow_flow_update_time(ofproto->netflow, &facet->nf_flow, facet->used);
 
+    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, &facet->flow, &facet->initial_vals,
+                  facet->rule, 0, NULL);
+    xin.may_learn = true;
+    xlate_actions(&xin, &facet->xout);
+    facet->nf_flow.output_iface = facet->xout.nf_output_iface;
+
     return facet;
 }
 
 static void
 facet_free(struct facet *facet)
 {
-    free(facet);
+    if (facet) {
+        xlate_out_uninit(&facet->xout);
+        free(facet);
+    }
 }
 
 /* Executes, within 'ofproto', the 'n_actions' actions in 'actions' on
- * 'packet', which arrived on 'in_port'.
- *
- * Takes ownership of 'packet'. */
+ * 'packet', which arrived on 'in_port'. */
 static bool
 execute_odp_actions(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
                     const struct nlattr *odp_actions, size_t actions_len,
@@ -4107,8 +4692,6 @@ execute_odp_actions(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
 
     error = dpif_execute(ofproto->backer->dpif, key.data, key.size,
                          odp_actions, actions_len, packet);
-
-    ofpbuf_delete(packet);
     return !error;
 }
 
@@ -4154,35 +4737,34 @@ facet_remove(struct facet *facet)
 static void
 facet_learn(struct facet *facet)
 {
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
+    long long int now = time_msec();
+
+    if (!facet->xout.has_fin_timeout && now < facet->learn_rl) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    if (!facet->has_learn
-        && !facet->has_normal
-        && (!facet->has_fin_timeout
+    facet->learn_rl = now + 500;
+
+    if (!facet->xout.has_learn
+        && !facet->xout.has_normal
+        && (!facet->xout.has_fin_timeout
             || !(facet->tcp_flags & (TCP_FIN | TCP_RST)))) {
         return;
     }
 
-    action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, &facet->flow,
-                          facet->flow.vlan_tci,
-                          facet->rule, facet->tcp_flags, NULL);
-    ctx.may_learn = true;
-    xlate_actions_for_side_effects(&ctx, facet->rule->up.ofpacts,
-                                   facet->rule->up.ofpacts_len);
+    facet_push_stats(facet, true);
 }
 
 static void
 facet_account(struct facet *facet)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
-    struct subfacet *subfacet;
     const struct nlattr *a;
     unsigned int left;
     ovs_be16 vlan_tci;
     uint64_t n_bytes;
 
-    if (!facet->has_normal || !ofproto->has_bonded_bundles) {
+    if (!facet->xout.has_normal || !ofproto->has_bonded_bundles) {
         return;
     }
     n_bytes = facet->byte_count - facet->accounted_bytes;
@@ -4195,11 +4777,9 @@ facet_account(struct facet *facet)
      *
      * We use the actions from an arbitrary subfacet because they should all
      * be equally valid for our purpose. */
-    subfacet = CONTAINER_OF(list_front(&facet->subfacets),
-                            struct subfacet, list_node);
     vlan_tci = facet->flow.vlan_tci;
-    NL_ATTR_FOR_EACH_UNSAFE (a, left,
-                             subfacet->actions, subfacet->actions_len) {
+    NL_ATTR_FOR_EACH_UNSAFE (a, left, facet->xout.odp_actions.data,
+                             facet->xout.odp_actions.size) {
         const struct ovs_action_push_vlan *vlan;
         struct ofport_dpif *port;
 
@@ -4259,7 +4839,7 @@ facet_flush_stats(struct facet *facet)
         ovs_assert(!subfacet->dp_packet_count);
     }
 
-    facet_push_stats(facet);
+    facet_push_stats(facet, false);
     if (facet->accounted_bytes < facet->byte_count) {
         facet_account(facet);
         facet->accounted_bytes = facet->byte_count;
@@ -4274,9 +4854,6 @@ facet_flush_stats(struct facet *facet)
         netflow_expire(ofproto->netflow, &facet->nf_flow, &expired);
     }
 
-    facet->rule->packet_count += facet->packet_count;
-    facet->rule->byte_count += facet->byte_count;
-
     /* Reset counters to prevent double counting if 'facet' ever gets
      * reinstalled. */
     facet_reset_counters(facet);
@@ -4321,52 +4898,16 @@ facet_lookup_valid(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
 
     facet = facet_find(ofproto, flow, hash);
     if (facet
-        && (ofproto->need_revalidate
-            || tag_set_intersects(&ofproto->revalidate_set, facet->tags))) {
-        facet_revalidate(facet);
+        && (ofproto->backer->need_revalidate
+            || tag_set_intersects(&ofproto->backer->revalidate_set,
+                                  facet->xout.tags))
+        && !facet_revalidate(facet)) {
+        return NULL;
     }
 
     return facet;
 }
 
-static const char *
-subfacet_path_to_string(enum subfacet_path path)
-{
-    switch (path) {
-    case SF_NOT_INSTALLED:
-        return "not installed";
-    case SF_FAST_PATH:
-        return "in fast path";
-    case SF_SLOW_PATH:
-        return "in slow path";
-    default:
-        return "<error>";
-    }
-}
-
-/* Returns the path in which a subfacet should be installed if its 'slow'
- * member has the specified value. */
-static enum subfacet_path
-subfacet_want_path(enum slow_path_reason slow)
-{
-    return slow ? SF_SLOW_PATH : SF_FAST_PATH;
-}
-
-/* Returns true if 'subfacet' needs to have its datapath flow updated,
- * supposing that its actions have been recalculated as 'want_actions' and that
- * 'slow' is nonzero iff 'subfacet' should be in the slow path. */
-static bool
-subfacet_should_install(struct subfacet *subfacet, enum slow_path_reason slow,
-                        const struct ofpbuf *want_actions)
-{
-    enum subfacet_path want_path = subfacet_want_path(slow);
-    return (want_path != subfacet->path
-            || (want_path == SF_FAST_PATH
-                && (subfacet->actions_len != want_actions->size
-                    || memcmp(subfacet->actions, want_actions->data,
-                              subfacet->actions_len))));
-}
-
 static bool
 facet_check_consistency(struct facet *facet)
 {
@@ -4374,23 +4915,18 @@ facet_check_consistency(struct facet *facet)
 
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
 
-    uint64_t odp_actions_stub[1024 / 8];
-    struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
 
     struct rule_dpif *rule;
-    struct subfacet *subfacet;
-    bool may_log = false;
     bool ok;
 
     /* Check the rule for consistency. */
     rule = rule_dpif_lookup(ofproto, &facet->flow);
-    ok = rule == facet->rule;
-    if (!ok) {
-        may_log = !VLOG_DROP_WARN(&rl);
-        if (may_log) {
-            struct ds s;
+    if (rule != facet->rule) {
+        if (!VLOG_DROP_WARN(&rl)) {
+            struct ds s = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
 
-            ds_init(&s);
             flow_format(&s, &facet->flow);
             ds_put_format(&s, ": facet associated with wrong rule (was "
                           "table=%"PRIu8",", facet->rule->up.table_id);
@@ -4398,84 +4934,43 @@ facet_check_consistency(struct facet *facet)
             ds_put_format(&s, ") (should have been table=%"PRIu8",",
                           rule->up.table_id);
             cls_rule_format(&rule->up.cr, &s);
-            ds_put_char(&s, ')');
+            ds_put_cstr(&s, ")\n");
 
-            VLOG_WARN("%s", ds_cstr(&s));
             ds_destroy(&s);
         }
+        return false;
     }
 
     /* Check the datapath actions for consistency. */
-    ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions, odp_actions_stub, sizeof odp_actions_stub);
-    LIST_FOR_EACH (subfacet, list_node, &facet->subfacets) {
-        enum subfacet_path want_path;
-        struct odputil_keybuf keybuf;
-        struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
-        struct ofpbuf key;
-        struct ds s;
+    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, &facet->flow, &facet->initial_vals, rule,
+                  0, NULL);
+    xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
 
-        action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, &facet->flow,
-                              subfacet->initial_tci, rule, 0, NULL);
-        xlate_actions(&ctx, rule->up.ofpacts, rule->up.ofpacts_len,
-                      &odp_actions);
+    ok = ofpbuf_equal(&facet->xout.odp_actions, &xout.odp_actions)
+        && facet->xout.slow == xout.slow;
+    if (!ok && !VLOG_DROP_WARN(&rl)) {
+        struct ds s = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
 
-        if (subfacet->path == SF_NOT_INSTALLED) {
-            /* This only happens if the datapath reported an error when we
-             * tried to install the flow.  Don't flag another error here. */
-            continue;
-        }
+        flow_format(&s, &facet->flow);
+        ds_put_cstr(&s, ": inconsistency in facet");
 
-        want_path = subfacet_want_path(subfacet->slow);
-        if (want_path == SF_SLOW_PATH && subfacet->path == SF_SLOW_PATH) {
-            /* The actions for slow-path flows may legitimately vary from one
-             * packet to the next.  We're done. */
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (!subfacet_should_install(subfacet, subfacet->slow, &odp_actions)) {
-            continue;
+        if (!ofpbuf_equal(&facet->xout.odp_actions, &xout.odp_actions)) {
+            ds_put_cstr(&s, " (actions were: ");
+            format_odp_actions(&s, facet->xout.odp_actions.data,
+                               facet->xout.odp_actions.size);
+            ds_put_cstr(&s, ") (correct actions: ");
+            format_odp_actions(&s, xout.odp_actions.data,
+                               xout.odp_actions.size);
+            ds_put_cstr(&s, ")");
         }
 
-        /* Inconsistency! */
-        if (ok) {
-            may_log = !VLOG_DROP_WARN(&rl);
-            ok = false;
-        }
-        if (!may_log) {
-            /* Rate-limited, skip reporting. */
-            continue;
+        if (facet->xout.slow != xout.slow) {
+            ds_put_format(&s, " slow path incorrect. should be %d", xout.slow);
         }
 
-        ds_init(&s);
-        subfacet_get_key(subfacet, &keybuf, &key);
-        odp_flow_key_format(key.data, key.size, &s);
-
-        ds_put_cstr(&s, ": inconsistency in subfacet");
-        if (want_path != subfacet->path) {
-            enum odp_key_fitness fitness = subfacet->key_fitness;
-
-            ds_put_format(&s, " (%s, fitness=%s)",
-                          subfacet_path_to_string(subfacet->path),
-                          odp_key_fitness_to_string(fitness));
-            ds_put_format(&s, " (should have been %s)",
-                          subfacet_path_to_string(want_path));
-        } else if (want_path == SF_FAST_PATH) {
-            ds_put_cstr(&s, " (actions were: ");
-            format_odp_actions(&s, subfacet->actions,
-                               subfacet->actions_len);
-            ds_put_cstr(&s, ") (correct actions: ");
-            format_odp_actions(&s, odp_actions.data, odp_actions.size);
-            ds_put_char(&s, ')');
-        } else {
-            ds_put_cstr(&s, " (actions: ");
-            format_odp_actions(&s, subfacet->actions,
-                               subfacet->actions_len);
-            ds_put_char(&s, ')');
-        }
-        VLOG_WARN("%s", ds_cstr(&s));
         ds_destroy(&s);
     }
-    ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
+    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
 
     return ok;
 }
@@ -4486,27 +4981,42 @@ facet_check_consistency(struct facet *facet)
  *     'facet' to the new rule and recompiles its actions.
  *
  *   - If the rule found is the same as 'facet''s current rule, leaves 'facet'
- *     where it is and recompiles its actions anyway. */
-static void
+ *     where it is and recompiles its actions anyway.
+ *
+ *   - If any of 'facet''s subfacets correspond to a new flow according to
+ *     ofproto_receive(), 'facet' is removed.
+ *
+ *   Returns true if 'facet' is still valid.  False if 'facet' was removed. */
+static bool
 facet_revalidate(struct facet *facet)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
-    struct actions {
-        struct nlattr *odp_actions;
-        size_t actions_len;
-    };
-    struct actions *new_actions;
-
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
-    uint64_t odp_actions_stub[1024 / 8];
-    struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
-
     struct rule_dpif *new_rule;
     struct subfacet *subfacet;
-    int i;
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
 
     COVERAGE_INC(facet_revalidate);
 
+    /* Check that child subfacets still correspond to this facet.  Tunnel
+     * configuration changes could cause a subfacet's OpenFlow in_port to
+     * change. */
+    LIST_FOR_EACH (subfacet, list_node, &facet->subfacets) {
+        struct ofproto_dpif *recv_ofproto;
+        struct flow recv_flow;
+        int error;
+
+        error = ofproto_receive(ofproto->backer, NULL, subfacet->key,
+                                subfacet->key_len, &recv_flow, NULL,
+                                &recv_ofproto, NULL, NULL);
+        if (error
+            || recv_ofproto != ofproto
+            || memcmp(&recv_flow, &facet->flow, sizeof recv_flow)) {
+            facet_remove(facet);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
     new_rule = rule_dpif_lookup(ofproto, &facet->flow);
 
     /* Calculate new datapath actions.
@@ -4514,66 +5024,45 @@ facet_revalidate(struct facet *facet)
      * We do not modify any 'facet' state yet, because we might need to, e.g.,
      * emit a NetFlow expiration and, if so, we need to have the old state
      * around to properly compose it. */
+    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, &facet->flow, &facet->initial_vals, new_rule,
+                  0, NULL);
+    xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
+
+    /* A facet's slow path reason should only change under dramatic
+     * circumstances.  Rather than try to update everything, it's simpler to
+     * remove the facet and start over. */
+    if (facet->xout.slow != xout.slow) {
+        facet_remove(facet);
+        xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
+        return false;
+    }
 
-    /* If the datapath actions changed or the installability changed,
-     * then we need to talk to the datapath. */
-    i = 0;
-    new_actions = NULL;
-    memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof ctx);
-    ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions, odp_actions_stub, sizeof odp_actions_stub);
-    LIST_FOR_EACH (subfacet, list_node, &facet->subfacets) {
-        enum slow_path_reason slow;
-
-        action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, &facet->flow,
-                              subfacet->initial_tci, new_rule, 0, NULL);
-        xlate_actions(&ctx, new_rule->up.ofpacts, new_rule->up.ofpacts_len,
-                      &odp_actions);
-
-        slow = (subfacet->slow & SLOW_MATCH) | ctx.slow;
-        if (subfacet_should_install(subfacet, slow, &odp_actions)) {
-            struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-
-            subfacet_install(subfacet,
-                             odp_actions.data, odp_actions.size, &stats, slow);
-            subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, &stats);
+    if (!ofpbuf_equal(&facet->xout.odp_actions, &xout.odp_actions)) {
+        LIST_FOR_EACH(subfacet, list_node, &facet->subfacets) {
+            if (subfacet->path == SF_FAST_PATH) {
+                struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
 
-            if (!new_actions) {
-                new_actions = xcalloc(list_size(&facet->subfacets),
-                                      sizeof *new_actions);
+                subfacet_install(subfacet, &xout.odp_actions, &stats);
+                subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, &stats);
             }
-            new_actions[i].odp_actions = xmemdup(odp_actions.data,
-                                                 odp_actions.size);
-            new_actions[i].actions_len = odp_actions.size;
         }
 
-        i++;
-    }
-    ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
-
-    if (new_actions) {
         facet_flush_stats(facet);
+
+        ofpbuf_clear(&facet->xout.odp_actions);
+        ofpbuf_put(&facet->xout.odp_actions, xout.odp_actions.data,
+                   xout.odp_actions.size);
     }
 
     /* Update 'facet' now that we've taken care of all the old state. */
-    facet->tags = ctx.tags;
-    facet->nf_flow.output_iface = ctx.nf_output_iface;
-    facet->has_learn = ctx.has_learn;
-    facet->has_normal = ctx.has_normal;
-    facet->has_fin_timeout = ctx.has_fin_timeout;
-    facet->mirrors = ctx.mirrors;
-
-    i = 0;
-    LIST_FOR_EACH (subfacet, list_node, &facet->subfacets) {
-        subfacet->slow = (subfacet->slow & SLOW_MATCH) | ctx.slow;
-
-        if (new_actions && new_actions[i].odp_actions) {
-            free(subfacet->actions);
-            subfacet->actions = new_actions[i].odp_actions;
-            subfacet->actions_len = new_actions[i].actions_len;
-        }
-        i++;
-    }
-    free(new_actions);
+    facet->xout.tags = xout.tags;
+    facet->xout.slow = xout.slow;
+    facet->xout.has_learn = xout.has_learn;
+    facet->xout.has_normal = xout.has_normal;
+    facet->xout.has_fin_timeout = xout.has_fin_timeout;
+    facet->xout.nf_output_iface = xout.nf_output_iface;
+    facet->xout.mirrors = xout.mirrors;
+    facet->nf_flow.output_iface = facet->xout.nf_output_iface;
 
     if (facet->rule != new_rule) {
         COVERAGE_INC(facet_changed_rule);
@@ -4583,19 +5072,9 @@ facet_revalidate(struct facet *facet)
         facet->used = new_rule->up.created;
         facet->prev_used = facet->used;
     }
-}
 
-/* Updates 'facet''s used time.  Caller is responsible for calling
- * facet_push_stats() to update the flows which 'facet' resubmits into. */
-static void
-facet_update_time(struct facet *facet, long long int used)
-{
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
-    if (used > facet->used) {
-        facet->used = used;
-        ofproto_rule_update_used(&facet->rule->up, used);
-        netflow_flow_update_time(ofproto->netflow, &facet->nf_flow, used);
-    }
+    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
+    return true;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -4609,7 +5088,7 @@ facet_reset_counters(struct facet *facet)
 }
 
 static void
-facet_push_stats(struct facet *facet)
+facet_push_stats(struct facet *facet, bool may_learn)
 {
     struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
 
@@ -4620,61 +5099,89 @@ facet_push_stats(struct facet *facet)
     stats.n_packets = facet->packet_count - facet->prev_packet_count;
     stats.n_bytes = facet->byte_count - facet->prev_byte_count;
     stats.used = facet->used;
-    stats.tcp_flags = 0;
+    stats.tcp_flags = facet->tcp_flags;
+
+    if (may_learn || stats.n_packets || facet->used > facet->prev_used) {
+        struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto =
+            ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
+
+        struct ofport_dpif *in_port;
+        struct xlate_in xin;
 
-    if (stats.n_packets || stats.n_bytes || facet->used > facet->prev_used) {
         facet->prev_packet_count = facet->packet_count;
         facet->prev_byte_count = facet->byte_count;
         facet->prev_used = facet->used;
 
-        flow_push_stats(facet->rule, &facet->flow, &stats);
+        in_port = get_ofp_port(ofproto, facet->flow.in_port);
+        if (in_port && in_port->tnl_port) {
+            netdev_vport_inc_rx(in_port->up.netdev, &stats);
+        }
+
+        rule_credit_stats(facet->rule, &stats);
+        netflow_flow_update_time(ofproto->netflow, &facet->nf_flow,
+                                 facet->used);
+        netflow_flow_update_flags(&facet->nf_flow, facet->tcp_flags);
+        update_mirror_stats(ofproto, facet->xout.mirrors, stats.n_packets,
+                            stats.n_bytes);
 
-        update_mirror_stats(ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto),
-                            facet->mirrors, stats.n_packets, stats.n_bytes);
+        xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, &facet->flow, &facet->initial_vals,
+                      facet->rule, stats.tcp_flags, NULL);
+        xin.resubmit_stats = &stats;
+        xin.may_learn = may_learn;
+        xlate_actions_for_side_effects(&xin);
     }
 }
 
 static void
-rule_credit_stats(struct rule_dpif *rule, const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
+push_all_stats__(bool run_fast)
 {
-    rule->packet_count += stats->n_packets;
-    rule->byte_count += stats->n_bytes;
-    ofproto_rule_update_used(&rule->up, stats->used);
+    static long long int rl = LLONG_MIN;
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
+
+    if (time_msec() < rl) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
+        struct facet *facet;
+
+        HMAP_FOR_EACH (facet, hmap_node, &ofproto->facets) {
+            facet_push_stats(facet, false);
+            if (run_fast) {
+                run_fast_rl();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    rl = time_msec() + 100;
 }
 
-/* Pushes flow statistics to the rules which 'flow' resubmits into given
- * 'rule''s actions and mirrors. */
 static void
-flow_push_stats(struct rule_dpif *rule,
-                const struct flow *flow, const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
+push_all_stats(void)
 {
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(rule->up.ofproto);
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
+    push_all_stats__(true);
+}
 
+static void
+rule_credit_stats(struct rule_dpif *rule, const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
+{
+    rule->packet_count += stats->n_packets;
+    rule->byte_count += stats->n_bytes;
     ofproto_rule_update_used(&rule->up, stats->used);
-
-    action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, flow, flow->vlan_tci, rule,
-                          0, NULL);
-    ctx.resubmit_stats = stats;
-    xlate_actions_for_side_effects(&ctx, rule->up.ofpacts,
-                                   rule->up.ofpacts_len);
 }
 \f
 /* Subfacets. */
 
 static struct subfacet *
 subfacet_find(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
-              const struct nlattr *key, size_t key_len, uint32_t key_hash,
-              const struct flow *flow)
+              const struct nlattr *key, size_t key_len, uint32_t key_hash)
 {
     struct subfacet *subfacet;
 
     HMAP_FOR_EACH_WITH_HASH (subfacet, hmap_node, key_hash,
                              &ofproto->subfacets) {
-        if (subfacet->key
-            ? (subfacet->key_len == key_len
-               && !memcmp(key, subfacet->key, key_len))
-            : flow_equal(flow, &subfacet->facet->flow)) {
+        if (subfacet->key_len == key_len
+            && !memcmp(key, subfacet->key, key_len)) {
             return subfacet;
         }
     }
@@ -4685,11 +5192,7 @@ subfacet_find(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
 /* Searches 'facet' (within 'ofproto') for a subfacet with the specified
  * 'key_fitness', 'key', and 'key_len' members in 'miss'.  Returns the
  * existing subfacet if there is one, otherwise creates and returns a
- * new subfacet.
- *
- * If the returned subfacet is new, then subfacet->actions will be NULL, in
- * which case the caller must populate the actions with
- * subfacet_make_actions(). */
+ * new subfacet. */
 static struct subfacet *
 subfacet_create(struct facet *facet, struct flow_miss *miss,
                 long long int now)
@@ -4706,8 +5209,7 @@ subfacet_create(struct facet *facet, struct flow_miss *miss,
     if (list_is_empty(&facet->subfacets)) {
         subfacet = &facet->one_subfacet;
     } else {
-        subfacet = subfacet_find(ofproto, key, key_len, key_hash,
-                                 &facet->flow);
+        subfacet = subfacet_find(ofproto, key, key_len, key_hash);
         if (subfacet) {
             if (subfacet->facet == facet) {
                 return subfacet;
@@ -4725,25 +5227,15 @@ subfacet_create(struct facet *facet, struct flow_miss *miss,
     list_push_back(&facet->subfacets, &subfacet->list_node);
     subfacet->facet = facet;
     subfacet->key_fitness = key_fitness;
-    if (key_fitness != ODP_FIT_PERFECT) {
-        subfacet->key = xmemdup(key, key_len);
-        subfacet->key_len = key_len;
-    } else {
-        subfacet->key = NULL;
-        subfacet->key_len = 0;
-    }
+    subfacet->key = xmemdup(key, key_len);
+    subfacet->key_len = key_len;
     subfacet->used = now;
+    subfacet->created = now;
     subfacet->dp_packet_count = 0;
     subfacet->dp_byte_count = 0;
-    subfacet->actions_len = 0;
-    subfacet->actions = NULL;
-    subfacet->slow = (subfacet->key_fitness == ODP_FIT_TOO_LITTLE
-                      ? SLOW_MATCH
-                      : 0);
     subfacet->path = SF_NOT_INSTALLED;
-    subfacet->initial_tci = miss->initial_tci;
-    subfacet->odp_in_port = miss->odp_in_port;
 
+    ofproto->subfacet_add_count++;
     return subfacet;
 }
 
@@ -4755,11 +5247,14 @@ subfacet_destroy__(struct subfacet *subfacet)
     struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
 
+    /* Update ofproto stats before uninstall the subfacet. */
+    ofproto->subfacet_del_count++;
+    ofproto->total_subfacet_life_span += (time_msec() - subfacet->created);
+
     subfacet_uninstall(subfacet);
     hmap_remove(&ofproto->subfacets, &subfacet->hmap_node);
     list_remove(&subfacet->list_node);
     free(subfacet->key);
-    free(subfacet->actions);
     if (subfacet != &facet->one_subfacet) {
         free(subfacet);
     }
@@ -4784,18 +5279,15 @@ static void
 subfacet_destroy_batch(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
                        struct subfacet **subfacets, int n)
 {
-    struct odputil_keybuf keybufs[SUBFACET_DESTROY_MAX_BATCH];
     struct dpif_op ops[SUBFACET_DESTROY_MAX_BATCH];
     struct dpif_op *opsp[SUBFACET_DESTROY_MAX_BATCH];
-    struct ofpbuf keys[SUBFACET_DESTROY_MAX_BATCH];
     struct dpif_flow_stats stats[SUBFACET_DESTROY_MAX_BATCH];
     int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
         ops[i].type = DPIF_OP_FLOW_DEL;
-        subfacet_get_key(subfacets[i], &keybufs[i], &keys[i]);
-        ops[i].u.flow_del.key = keys[i].data;
-        ops[i].u.flow_del.key_len = keys[i].size;
+        ops[i].u.flow_del.key = subfacets[i]->key;
+        ops[i].u.flow_del.key_len = subfacets[i]->key_len;
         ops[i].u.flow_del.stats = &stats[i];
         opsp[i] = &ops[i];
     }
@@ -4805,56 +5297,7 @@ subfacet_destroy_batch(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
         subfacet_reset_dp_stats(subfacets[i], &stats[i]);
         subfacets[i]->path = SF_NOT_INSTALLED;
         subfacet_destroy(subfacets[i]);
-    }
-}
-
-/* Initializes 'key' with the sequence of OVS_KEY_ATTR_* Netlink attributes
- * that can be used to refer to 'subfacet'.  The caller must provide 'keybuf'
- * for use as temporary storage. */
-static void
-subfacet_get_key(struct subfacet *subfacet, struct odputil_keybuf *keybuf,
-                 struct ofpbuf *key)
-{
-
-    if (!subfacet->key) {
-        struct flow *flow = &subfacet->facet->flow;
-
-        ofpbuf_use_stack(key, keybuf, sizeof *keybuf);
-        odp_flow_key_from_flow(key, flow, subfacet->odp_in_port);
-    } else {
-        ofpbuf_use_const(key, subfacet->key, subfacet->key_len);
-    }
-}
-
-/* Composes the datapath actions for 'subfacet' based on its rule's actions.
- * Translates the actions into 'odp_actions', which the caller must have
- * initialized and is responsible for uninitializing. */
-static void
-subfacet_make_actions(struct subfacet *subfacet, const struct ofpbuf *packet,
-                      struct ofpbuf *odp_actions)
-{
-    struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
-    struct rule_dpif *rule = facet->rule;
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(rule->up.ofproto);
-
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
-
-    action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, &facet->flow, subfacet->initial_tci,
-                          rule, 0, packet);
-    xlate_actions(&ctx, rule->up.ofpacts, rule->up.ofpacts_len, odp_actions);
-    facet->tags = ctx.tags;
-    facet->has_learn = ctx.has_learn;
-    facet->has_normal = ctx.has_normal;
-    facet->has_fin_timeout = ctx.has_fin_timeout;
-    facet->nf_flow.output_iface = ctx.nf_output_iface;
-    facet->mirrors = ctx.mirrors;
-
-    subfacet->slow = (subfacet->slow & SLOW_MATCH) | ctx.slow;
-    if (subfacet->actions_len != odp_actions->size
-        || memcmp(subfacet->actions, odp_actions->data, odp_actions->size)) {
-        free(subfacet->actions);
-        subfacet->actions_len = odp_actions->size;
-        subfacet->actions = xmemdup(odp_actions->data, odp_actions->size);
+        run_fast_rl();
     }
 }
 
@@ -4865,18 +5308,17 @@ subfacet_make_actions(struct subfacet *subfacet, const struct ofpbuf *packet,
  *
  * Returns 0 if successful, otherwise a positive errno value. */
 static int
-subfacet_install(struct subfacet *subfacet,
-                 const struct nlattr *actions, size_t actions_len,
-                 struct dpif_flow_stats *stats,
-                 enum slow_path_reason slow)
+subfacet_install(struct subfacet *subfacet, const struct ofpbuf *odp_actions,
+                 struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
 {
     struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
-    enum subfacet_path path = subfacet_want_path(slow);
+    enum subfacet_path path = facet->xout.slow ? SF_SLOW_PATH : SF_FAST_PATH;
+    const struct nlattr *actions = odp_actions->data;
+    size_t actions_len = odp_actions->size;
+
     uint64_t slow_path_stub[128 / 8];
-    struct odputil_keybuf keybuf;
     enum dpif_flow_put_flags flags;
-    struct ofpbuf key;
     int ret;
 
     flags = DPIF_FP_CREATE | DPIF_FP_MODIFY;
@@ -4885,14 +5327,13 @@ subfacet_install(struct subfacet *subfacet,
     }
 
     if (path == SF_SLOW_PATH) {
-        compose_slow_path(ofproto, &facet->flow, slow,
+        compose_slow_path(ofproto, &facet->flow, facet->xout.slow,
                           slow_path_stub, sizeof slow_path_stub,
                           &actions, &actions_len);
     }
 
-    subfacet_get_key(subfacet, &keybuf, &key);
-    ret = dpif_flow_put(ofproto->backer->dpif, flags, key.data, key.size,
-                        actions, actions_len, stats);
+    ret = dpif_flow_put(ofproto->backer->dpif, flags, subfacet->key,
+                        subfacet->key_len, actions, actions_len, stats);
 
     if (stats) {
         subfacet_reset_dp_stats(subfacet, stats);
@@ -4904,13 +5345,6 @@ subfacet_install(struct subfacet *subfacet,
     return ret;
 }
 
-static int
-subfacet_reinstall(struct subfacet *subfacet, struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
-{
-    return subfacet_install(subfacet, subfacet->actions, subfacet->actions_len,
-                            stats, subfacet->slow);
-}
-
 /* If 'subfacet' is installed in the datapath, uninstalls it. */
 static void
 subfacet_uninstall(struct subfacet *subfacet)
@@ -4918,14 +5352,11 @@ subfacet_uninstall(struct subfacet *subfacet)
     if (subfacet->path != SF_NOT_INSTALLED) {
         struct rule_dpif *rule = subfacet->facet->rule;
         struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(rule->up.ofproto);
-        struct odputil_keybuf keybuf;
         struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-        struct ofpbuf key;
         int error;
 
-        subfacet_get_key(subfacet, &keybuf, &key);
-        error = dpif_flow_del(ofproto->backer->dpif,
-                              key.data, key.size, &stats);
+        error = dpif_flow_del(ofproto->backer->dpif, subfacet->key,
+                              subfacet->key_len, &stats);
         subfacet_reset_dp_stats(subfacet, &stats);
         if (!error) {
             subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, &stats);
@@ -4957,17 +5388,6 @@ subfacet_reset_dp_stats(struct subfacet *subfacet,
     subfacet->dp_byte_count = 0;
 }
 
-/* Updates 'subfacet''s used time.  The caller is responsible for calling
- * facet_push_stats() to update the flows which 'subfacet' resubmits into. */
-static void
-subfacet_update_time(struct subfacet *subfacet, long long int used)
-{
-    if (used > subfacet->used) {
-        subfacet->used = used;
-        facet_update_time(subfacet->facet, used);
-    }
-}
-
 /* Folds the statistics from 'stats' into the counters in 'subfacet'.
  *
  * Because of the meaning of a subfacet's counters, it only makes sense to do
@@ -4981,12 +5401,11 @@ subfacet_update_stats(struct subfacet *subfacet,
     if (stats->n_packets || stats->used > subfacet->used) {
         struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
 
-        subfacet_update_time(subfacet, stats->used);
+        subfacet->used = MAX(subfacet->used, stats->used);
+        facet->used = MAX(facet->used, stats->used);
         facet->packet_count += stats->n_packets;
         facet->byte_count += stats->n_bytes;
         facet->tcp_flags |= stats->tcp_flags;
-        facet_push_stats(facet);
-        netflow_flow_update_flags(&facet->nf_flow, stats->tcp_flags);
     }
 }
 \f
@@ -5143,49 +5562,50 @@ static void
 rule_get_stats(struct rule *rule_, uint64_t *packets, uint64_t *bytes)
 {
     struct rule_dpif *rule = rule_dpif_cast(rule_);
-    struct facet *facet;
+
+    /* push_all_stats() can handle flow misses which, when using the learn
+     * action, can cause rules to be added and deleted.  This can corrupt our
+     * caller's datastructures which assume that rule_get_stats() doesn't have
+     * an impact on the flow table. To be safe, we disable miss handling. */
+    push_all_stats__(false);
 
     /* Start from historical data for 'rule' itself that are no longer tracked
      * in facets.  This counts, for example, facets that have expired. */
     *packets = rule->packet_count;
     *bytes = rule->byte_count;
-
-    /* Add any statistics that are tracked by facets.  This includes
-     * statistical data recently updated by ofproto_update_stats() as well as
-     * stats for packets that were executed "by hand" via dpif_execute(). */
-    LIST_FOR_EACH (facet, list_node, &rule->facets) {
-        *packets += facet->packet_count;
-        *bytes += facet->byte_count;
-    }
 }
 
-static enum ofperr
-rule_execute(struct rule *rule_, const struct flow *flow,
-             struct ofpbuf *packet)
+static void
+rule_dpif_execute(struct rule_dpif *rule, const struct flow *flow,
+                  struct ofpbuf *packet)
 {
-    struct rule_dpif *rule = rule_dpif_cast(rule_);
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(rule->up.ofproto);
-
+    struct initial_vals initial_vals;
     struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
-    uint64_t odp_actions_stub[1024 / 8];
-    struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
 
     dpif_flow_stats_extract(flow, packet, time_msec(), &stats);
     rule_credit_stats(rule, &stats);
 
-    ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions, odp_actions_stub, sizeof odp_actions_stub);
-    action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, flow, flow->vlan_tci,
-                          rule, stats.tcp_flags, packet);
-    ctx.resubmit_stats = &stats;
-    xlate_actions(&ctx, rule->up.ofpacts, rule->up.ofpacts_len, &odp_actions);
+    initial_vals.vlan_tci = flow->vlan_tci;
+    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, flow, &initial_vals, rule, stats.tcp_flags,
+                  packet);
+    xin.resubmit_stats = &stats;
+    xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
 
-    execute_odp_actions(ofproto, flow, odp_actions.data,
-                        odp_actions.size, packet);
+    execute_odp_actions(ofproto, flow, xout.odp_actions.data,
+                        xout.odp_actions.size, packet);
 
-    ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
+    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
+}
 
+static enum ofperr
+rule_execute(struct rule *rule, const struct flow *flow,
+             struct ofpbuf *packet)
+{
+    rule_dpif_execute(rule_dpif_cast(rule), flow, packet);
+    ofpbuf_delete(packet);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5203,48 +5623,59 @@ rule_modify_actions(struct rule *rule_)
 static int
 send_packet(const struct ofport_dpif *ofport, struct ofpbuf *packet)
 {
-    const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofport->up.ofproto);
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofport->up.ofproto);
+    uint64_t odp_actions_stub[1024 / 8];
     struct ofpbuf key, odp_actions;
+    struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
     struct odputil_keybuf keybuf;
-    uint32_t odp_port;
+    struct ofpact_output output;
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
     struct flow flow;
     int error;
 
-    flow_extract(packet, 0, 0, NULL, OFPP_LOCAL, &flow);
-    odp_port = vsp_realdev_to_vlandev(ofproto, ofport->odp_port,
-                                      flow.vlan_tci);
-    if (odp_port != ofport->odp_port) {
-        eth_pop_vlan(packet);
-        flow.vlan_tci = htons(0);
-    }
-
+    ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions, odp_actions_stub, sizeof odp_actions_stub);
     ofpbuf_use_stack(&key, &keybuf, sizeof keybuf);
-    odp_flow_key_from_flow(&key, &flow,
-                           ofp_port_to_odp_port(ofproto, flow.in_port));
 
-    ofpbuf_init(&odp_actions, 32);
-    compose_sflow_action(ofproto, &odp_actions, &flow, odp_port);
+    /* Use OFPP_NONE as the in_port to avoid special packet processing. */
+    flow_extract(packet, 0, 0, NULL, OFPP_NONE, &flow);
+    odp_flow_key_from_flow(&key, &flow, ofp_port_to_odp_port(ofproto,
+                                                             OFPP_LOCAL));
+    dpif_flow_stats_extract(&flow, packet, time_msec(), &stats);
+
+    ofpact_init(&output.ofpact, OFPACT_OUTPUT, sizeof output);
+    output.port = ofport->up.ofp_port;
+    output.max_len = 0;
+
+    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, &flow, NULL, NULL, 0, packet);
+    xin.ofpacts_len = sizeof output;
+    xin.ofpacts = &output.ofpact;
+    xin.resubmit_stats = &stats;
+    xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
 
-    nl_msg_put_u32(&odp_actions, OVS_ACTION_ATTR_OUTPUT, odp_port);
     error = dpif_execute(ofproto->backer->dpif,
                          key.data, key.size,
-                         odp_actions.data, odp_actions.size,
+                         xout.odp_actions.data, xout.odp_actions.size,
                          packet);
-    ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
+    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
 
     if (error) {
-        VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "%s: failed to send packet on port %"PRIu32" (%s)",
-                     ofproto->up.name, odp_port, strerror(error));
+        VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "%s: failed to send packet on port %s (%s)",
+                     ofproto->up.name, netdev_get_name(ofport->up.netdev),
+                     strerror(error));
     }
-    ofproto_update_local_port_stats(ofport->up.ofproto, packet->size, 0);
+
+    ofproto->stats.tx_packets++;
+    ofproto->stats.tx_bytes += packet->size;
     return error;
 }
 \f
 /* OpenFlow to datapath action translation. */
 
+static bool may_receive(const struct ofport_dpif *, struct xlate_ctx *);
 static void do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *, size_t ofpacts_len,
-                             struct action_xlate_ctx *);
-static void xlate_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *);
+                             struct xlate_ctx *);
+static void xlate_normal(struct xlate_ctx *);
 
 /* Composes an ODP action for a "slow path" action for 'flow' within 'ofproto'.
  * The action will state 'slow' as the reason that the action is in the slow
@@ -5270,11 +5701,12 @@ compose_slow_path(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
     cookie.slow_path.reason = slow;
 
     ofpbuf_use_stack(&buf, stub, stub_size);
-    if (slow & (SLOW_CFM | SLOW_LACP | SLOW_STP)) {
+    if (slow & (SLOW_CFM | SLOW_BFD | SLOW_LACP | SLOW_STP)) {
         uint32_t pid = dpif_port_get_pid(ofproto->backer->dpif, UINT32_MAX);
-        odp_put_userspace_action(pid, &cookie, &buf);
+        odp_put_userspace_action(pid, &cookie, sizeof cookie.slow_path, &buf);
     } else {
-        put_userspace_action(ofproto, &buf, flow, &cookie);
+        put_userspace_action(ofproto, &buf, flow, &cookie,
+                             sizeof cookie.slow_path);
     }
     *actionsp = buf.data;
     *actions_lenp = buf.size;
@@ -5284,14 +5716,43 @@ static size_t
 put_userspace_action(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
                      struct ofpbuf *odp_actions,
                      const struct flow *flow,
-                     const union user_action_cookie *cookie)
+                     const union user_action_cookie *cookie,
+                     const size_t cookie_size)
 {
     uint32_t pid;
 
     pid = dpif_port_get_pid(ofproto->backer->dpif,
                             ofp_port_to_odp_port(ofproto, flow->in_port));
 
-    return odp_put_userspace_action(pid, cookie, odp_actions);
+    return odp_put_userspace_action(pid, cookie, cookie_size, odp_actions);
+}
+
+/* Compose SAMPLE action for sFlow or IPFIX.  The given probability is
+ * the number of packets out of UINT32_MAX to sample.  The given
+ * cookie is passed back in the callback for each sampled packet.
+ */
+static size_t
+compose_sample_action(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
+                      struct ofpbuf *odp_actions,
+                      const struct flow *flow,
+                      const uint32_t probability,
+                      const union user_action_cookie *cookie,
+                      const size_t cookie_size)
+{
+    size_t sample_offset, actions_offset;
+    int cookie_offset;
+
+    sample_offset = nl_msg_start_nested(odp_actions, OVS_ACTION_ATTR_SAMPLE);
+
+    nl_msg_put_u32(odp_actions, OVS_SAMPLE_ATTR_PROBABILITY, probability);
+
+    actions_offset = nl_msg_start_nested(odp_actions, OVS_SAMPLE_ATTR_ACTIONS);
+    cookie_offset = put_userspace_action(ofproto, odp_actions, flow, cookie,
+                                         cookie_size);
+
+    nl_msg_end_nested(odp_actions, actions_offset);
+    nl_msg_end_nested(odp_actions, sample_offset);
+    return cookie_offset;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -5326,7 +5787,7 @@ compose_sflow_cookie(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
     }
 }
 
-/* Compose SAMPLE action for sFlow. */
+/* Compose SAMPLE action for sFlow bridge sampling. */
 static size_t
 compose_sflow_action(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
                      struct ofpbuf *odp_actions,
@@ -5335,47 +5796,84 @@ compose_sflow_action(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
 {
     uint32_t probability;
     union user_action_cookie cookie;
-    size_t sample_offset, actions_offset;
-    int cookie_offset;
 
     if (!ofproto->sflow || flow->in_port == OFPP_NONE) {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    sample_offset = nl_msg_start_nested(odp_actions, OVS_ACTION_ATTR_SAMPLE);
-
-    /* Number of packets out of UINT_MAX to sample. */
     probability = dpif_sflow_get_probability(ofproto->sflow);
-    nl_msg_put_u32(odp_actions, OVS_SAMPLE_ATTR_PROBABILITY, probability);
-
-    actions_offset = nl_msg_start_nested(odp_actions, OVS_SAMPLE_ATTR_ACTIONS);
     compose_sflow_cookie(ofproto, htons(0), odp_port,
                          odp_port == OVSP_NONE ? 0 : 1, &cookie);
-    cookie_offset = put_userspace_action(ofproto, odp_actions, flow, &cookie);
 
-    nl_msg_end_nested(odp_actions, actions_offset);
-    nl_msg_end_nested(odp_actions, sample_offset);
-    return cookie_offset;
+    return compose_sample_action(ofproto, odp_actions, flow,  probability,
+                                 &cookie, sizeof cookie.sflow);
+}
+
+static void
+compose_flow_sample_cookie(uint16_t probability, uint32_t collector_set_id,
+                           uint32_t obs_domain_id, uint32_t obs_point_id,
+                           union user_action_cookie *cookie)
+{
+    cookie->type = USER_ACTION_COOKIE_FLOW_SAMPLE;
+    cookie->flow_sample.probability = probability;
+    cookie->flow_sample.collector_set_id = collector_set_id;
+    cookie->flow_sample.obs_domain_id = obs_domain_id;
+    cookie->flow_sample.obs_point_id = obs_point_id;
+}
+
+static void
+compose_ipfix_cookie(union user_action_cookie *cookie)
+{
+    cookie->type = USER_ACTION_COOKIE_IPFIX;
+}
+
+/* Compose SAMPLE action for IPFIX bridge sampling. */
+static void
+compose_ipfix_action(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
+                     struct ofpbuf *odp_actions,
+                     const struct flow *flow)
+{
+    uint32_t probability;
+    union user_action_cookie cookie;
+
+    if (!ofproto->ipfix || flow->in_port == OFPP_NONE) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    probability = dpif_ipfix_get_bridge_exporter_probability(ofproto->ipfix);
+    compose_ipfix_cookie(&cookie);
+
+    compose_sample_action(ofproto, odp_actions, flow,  probability,
+                          &cookie, sizeof cookie.ipfix);
 }
 
-/* SAMPLE action must be first action in any given list of actions.
- * At this point we do not have all information required to build it. So try to
- * build sample action as complete as possible. */
+/* SAMPLE action for sFlow must be first action in any given list of
+ * actions.  At this point we do not have all information required to
+ * build it. So try to build sample action as complete as possible. */
 static void
-add_sflow_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
+add_sflow_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 {
     ctx->user_cookie_offset = compose_sflow_action(ctx->ofproto,
-                                                   ctx->odp_actions,
-                                                   &ctx->flow, OVSP_NONE);
+                                                   &ctx->xout->odp_actions,
+                                                   &ctx->xin->flow, OVSP_NONE);
     ctx->sflow_odp_port = 0;
     ctx->sflow_n_outputs = 0;
 }
 
+/* SAMPLE action for IPFIX must be 1st or 2nd action in any given list
+ * of actions, eventually after the SAMPLE action for sFlow. */
+static void
+add_ipfix_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
+{
+    compose_ipfix_action(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->xout->odp_actions,
+                         &ctx->xin->flow);
+}
+
 /* Fix SAMPLE action according to data collected while composing ODP actions.
  * We need to fix SAMPLE actions OVS_SAMPLE_ATTR_ACTIONS attribute, i.e. nested
  * USERSPACE action's user-cookie which is required for sflow. */
 static void
-fix_sflow_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
+fix_sflow_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 {
     const struct flow *base = &ctx->base_flow;
     union user_action_cookie *cookie;
@@ -5384,8 +5882,8 @@ fix_sflow_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
         return;
     }
 
-    cookie = ofpbuf_at(ctx->odp_actions, ctx->user_cookie_offset,
-                       sizeof(*cookie));
+    cookie = ofpbuf_at(&ctx->xout->odp_actions, ctx->user_cookie_offset,
+                       sizeof cookie->sflow);
     ovs_assert(cookie->type == USER_ACTION_COOKIE_SFLOW);
 
     compose_sflow_cookie(ctx->ofproto, base->vlan_tci,
@@ -5393,15 +5891,19 @@ fix_sflow_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
 }
 
 static void
-compose_output_action__(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, uint16_t ofp_port,
+compose_output_action__(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, uint16_t ofp_port,
                         bool check_stp)
 {
     const struct ofport_dpif *ofport = get_ofp_port(ctx->ofproto, ofp_port);
-    uint32_t odp_port = ofp_port_to_odp_port(ctx->ofproto, ofp_port);
-    ovs_be16 flow_vlan_tci = ctx->flow.vlan_tci;
-    uint8_t flow_nw_tos = ctx->flow.nw_tos;
+    ovs_be16 flow_vlan_tci;
+    uint32_t flow_skb_mark;
+    uint8_t flow_nw_tos;
     struct priority_to_dscp *pdscp;
-    uint32_t out_port;
+    uint32_t out_port, odp_port;
+
+    /* If 'struct flow' gets additional metadata, we'll need to zero it out
+     * before traversing a patch port. */
+    BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_WC_SEQ == 20);
 
     if (!ofport) {
         xlate_report(ctx, "Nonexistent output port");
@@ -5414,89 +5916,194 @@ compose_output_action__(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, uint16_t ofp_port,
         return;
     }
 
-    pdscp = get_priority(ofport, ctx->flow.skb_priority);
-    if (pdscp) {
-        ctx->flow.nw_tos &= ~IP_DSCP_MASK;
-        ctx->flow.nw_tos |= pdscp->dscp;
+    if (netdev_vport_is_patch(ofport->up.netdev)) {
+        struct ofport_dpif *peer = ofport_get_peer(ofport);
+        struct flow old_flow = ctx->xin->flow;
+        const struct ofproto_dpif *peer_ofproto;
+        enum slow_path_reason special;
+        struct ofport_dpif *in_port;
+
+        if (!peer) {
+            xlate_report(ctx, "Nonexistent patch port peer");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        peer_ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(peer->up.ofproto);
+        if (peer_ofproto->backer != ctx->ofproto->backer) {
+            xlate_report(ctx, "Patch port peer on a different datapath");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ctx->ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(peer->up.ofproto);
+        ctx->xin->flow.in_port = peer->up.ofp_port;
+        ctx->xin->flow.metadata = htonll(0);
+        memset(&ctx->xin->flow.tunnel, 0, sizeof ctx->xin->flow.tunnel);
+        memset(ctx->xin->flow.regs, 0, sizeof ctx->xin->flow.regs);
+
+        in_port = get_ofp_port(ctx->ofproto, ctx->xin->flow.in_port);
+        special = process_special(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->xin->flow, in_port,
+                                  ctx->xin->packet);
+        if (special) {
+            ctx->xout->slow = special;
+        } else if (!in_port || may_receive(in_port, ctx)) {
+            if (!in_port || stp_forward_in_state(in_port->stp_state)) {
+                xlate_table_action(ctx, ctx->xin->flow.in_port, 0, true);
+            } else {
+                /* Forwarding is disabled by STP.  Let OFPP_NORMAL and the
+                 * learning action look at the packet, then drop it. */
+                struct flow old_base_flow = ctx->base_flow;
+                size_t old_size = ctx->xout->odp_actions.size;
+                xlate_table_action(ctx, ctx->xin->flow.in_port, 0, true);
+                ctx->base_flow = old_base_flow;
+                ctx->xout->odp_actions.size = old_size;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ctx->xin->flow = old_flow;
+        ctx->ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofport->up.ofproto);
+
+        if (ctx->xin->resubmit_stats) {
+            netdev_vport_inc_tx(ofport->up.netdev, ctx->xin->resubmit_stats);
+            netdev_vport_inc_rx(peer->up.netdev, ctx->xin->resubmit_stats);
+        }
+
+        return;
     }
 
-    out_port = vsp_realdev_to_vlandev(ctx->ofproto, odp_port,
-                                      ctx->flow.vlan_tci);
-    if (out_port != odp_port) {
-        ctx->flow.vlan_tci = htons(0);
+    flow_vlan_tci = ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci;
+    flow_skb_mark = ctx->xin->flow.skb_mark;
+    flow_nw_tos = ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos;
+
+    pdscp = get_priority(ofport, ctx->xin->flow.skb_priority);
+    if (pdscp) {
+        ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos &= ~IP_DSCP_MASK;
+        ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos |= pdscp->dscp;
+    }
+
+    if (ofport->tnl_port) {
+         /* Save tunnel metadata so that changes made due to
+          * the Logical (tunnel) Port are not visible for any further
+          * matches, while explicit set actions on tunnel metadata are.
+          */
+        struct flow_tnl flow_tnl = ctx->xin->flow.tunnel;
+        odp_port = tnl_port_send(ofport->tnl_port, &ctx->xin->flow);
+        if (odp_port == OVSP_NONE) {
+            xlate_report(ctx, "Tunneling decided against output");
+            goto out; /* restore flow_nw_tos */
+        }
+        if (ctx->xin->flow.tunnel.ip_dst == ctx->orig_tunnel_ip_dst) {
+            xlate_report(ctx, "Not tunneling to our own address");
+            goto out; /* restore flow_nw_tos */
+        }
+        if (ctx->xin->resubmit_stats) {
+            netdev_vport_inc_tx(ofport->up.netdev, ctx->xin->resubmit_stats);
+        }
+        out_port = odp_port;
+        commit_odp_tunnel_action(&ctx->xin->flow, &ctx->base_flow,
+                                 &ctx->xout->odp_actions);
+        ctx->xin->flow.tunnel = flow_tnl; /* Restore tunnel metadata */
+    } else {
+        uint16_t vlandev_port;
+        odp_port = ofport->odp_port;
+        vlandev_port = vsp_realdev_to_vlandev(ctx->ofproto, ofp_port,
+                                              ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci);
+        if (vlandev_port == ofp_port) {
+            out_port = odp_port;
+        } else {
+            out_port = ofp_port_to_odp_port(ctx->ofproto, vlandev_port);
+            ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci = htons(0);
+        }
+        ctx->xin->flow.skb_mark &= ~IPSEC_MARK;
     }
-    commit_odp_actions(&ctx->flow, &ctx->base_flow, ctx->odp_actions);
-    nl_msg_put_u32(ctx->odp_actions, OVS_ACTION_ATTR_OUTPUT, out_port);
+    commit_odp_actions(&ctx->xin->flow, &ctx->base_flow,
+                       &ctx->xout->odp_actions);
+    nl_msg_put_u32(&ctx->xout->odp_actions, OVS_ACTION_ATTR_OUTPUT, out_port);
 
     ctx->sflow_odp_port = odp_port;
     ctx->sflow_n_outputs++;
-    ctx->nf_output_iface = ofp_port;
-    ctx->flow.vlan_tci = flow_vlan_tci;
-    ctx->flow.nw_tos = flow_nw_tos;
+    ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = ofp_port;
+
+    /* Restore flow */
+    ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci = flow_vlan_tci;
+    ctx->xin->flow.skb_mark = flow_skb_mark;
+ out:
+    ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos = flow_nw_tos;
 }
 
 static void
-compose_output_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, uint16_t ofp_port)
+compose_output_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, uint16_t ofp_port)
 {
     compose_output_action__(ctx, ofp_port, true);
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_table_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+tag_the_flow(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, struct rule_dpif *rule)
+{
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ctx->ofproto;
+    uint8_t table_id = ctx->table_id;
+
+    if (table_id > 0 && table_id < N_TABLES) {
+        struct table_dpif *table = &ofproto->tables[table_id];
+        if (table->other_table) {
+            ctx->xout->tags |= (rule && rule->tag
+                                ? rule->tag
+                                : rule_calculate_tag(&ctx->xin->flow,
+                                                     &table->other_table->mask,
+                                                     table->basis));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Common rule processing in one place to avoid duplicating code. */
+static struct rule_dpif *
+ctx_rule_hooks(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, struct rule_dpif *rule,
+               bool may_packet_in)
+{
+    if (ctx->xin->resubmit_hook) {
+        ctx->xin->resubmit_hook(ctx, rule);
+    }
+    if (rule == NULL && may_packet_in) {
+        /* XXX
+         * check if table configuration flags
+         * OFPTC_TABLE_MISS_CONTROLLER, default.
+         * OFPTC_TABLE_MISS_CONTINUE,
+         * OFPTC_TABLE_MISS_DROP
+         * When OF1.0, OFPTC_TABLE_MISS_CONTINUE is used. What to do?
+         */
+        rule = rule_dpif_miss_rule(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->xin->flow);
+    }
+    if (rule && ctx->xin->resubmit_stats) {
+        rule_credit_stats(rule, ctx->xin->resubmit_stats);
+    }
+    return rule;
+}
+
+static void
+xlate_table_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                    uint16_t in_port, uint8_t table_id, bool may_packet_in)
 {
     if (ctx->recurse < MAX_RESUBMIT_RECURSION) {
-        struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ctx->ofproto;
         struct rule_dpif *rule;
-        uint16_t old_in_port;
-        uint8_t old_table_id;
+        uint16_t old_in_port = ctx->xin->flow.in_port;
+        uint8_t old_table_id = ctx->table_id;
 
-        old_table_id = ctx->table_id;
         ctx->table_id = table_id;
 
         /* Look up a flow with 'in_port' as the input port. */
-        old_in_port = ctx->flow.in_port;
-        ctx->flow.in_port = in_port;
-        rule = rule_dpif_lookup__(ofproto, &ctx->flow, table_id);
-
-        /* Tag the flow. */
-        if (table_id > 0 && table_id < N_TABLES) {
-            struct table_dpif *table = &ofproto->tables[table_id];
-            if (table->other_table) {
-                ctx->tags |= (rule && rule->tag
-                              ? rule->tag
-                              : rule_calculate_tag(&ctx->flow,
-                                                   &table->other_table->mask,
-                                                   table->basis));
-            }
-        }
+        ctx->xin->flow.in_port = in_port;
+        rule = rule_dpif_lookup__(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->xin->flow, table_id);
+
+        tag_the_flow(ctx, rule);
 
         /* Restore the original input port.  Otherwise OFPP_NORMAL and
          * OFPP_IN_PORT will have surprising behavior. */
-        ctx->flow.in_port = old_in_port;
-
-        if (ctx->resubmit_hook) {
-            ctx->resubmit_hook(ctx, rule);
-        }
+        ctx->xin->flow.in_port = old_in_port;
 
-        if (rule == NULL && may_packet_in) {
-            /* XXX
-             * check if table configuration flags
-             * OFPTC_TABLE_MISS_CONTROLLER, default.
-             * OFPTC_TABLE_MISS_CONTINUE,
-             * OFPTC_TABLE_MISS_DROP
-             * When OF1.0, OFPTC_TABLE_MISS_CONTINUE is used. What to do?
-             */
-            rule = rule_dpif_miss_rule(ofproto, &ctx->flow);
-        }
+        rule = ctx_rule_hooks(ctx, rule, may_packet_in);
 
         if (rule) {
             struct rule_dpif *old_rule = ctx->rule;
 
-            if (ctx->resubmit_stats) {
-                rule_credit_stats(rule, ctx->resubmit_stats);
-            }
-
             ctx->recurse++;
             ctx->rule = rule;
             do_xlate_actions(rule->up.ofpacts, rule->up.ofpacts_len, ctx);
@@ -5515,7 +6122,7 @@ xlate_table_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_ofpact_resubmit(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_ofpact_resubmit(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                       const struct ofpact_resubmit *resubmit)
 {
     uint16_t in_port;
@@ -5523,7 +6130,7 @@ xlate_ofpact_resubmit(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
 
     in_port = resubmit->in_port;
     if (in_port == OFPP_IN_PORT) {
-        in_port = ctx->flow.in_port;
+        in_port = ctx->xin->flow.in_port;
     }
 
     table_id = resubmit->table_id;
@@ -5535,14 +6142,14 @@ xlate_ofpact_resubmit(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
 }
 
 static void
-flood_packets(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, bool all)
+flood_packets(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, bool all)
 {
     struct ofport_dpif *ofport;
 
     HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofport, up.hmap_node, &ctx->ofproto->up.ports) {
         uint16_t ofp_port = ofport->up.ofp_port;
 
-        if (ofp_port == ctx->flow.in_port) {
+        if (ofp_port == ctx->xin->flow.in_port) {
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -5553,56 +6160,63 @@ flood_packets(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, bool all)
         }
     }
 
-    ctx->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_FLOOD;
+    ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_FLOOD;
 }
 
 static void
-execute_controller_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, int len,
+execute_controller_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, int len,
                           enum ofp_packet_in_reason reason,
                           uint16_t controller_id)
 {
     struct ofputil_packet_in pin;
     struct ofpbuf *packet;
 
-    ctx->slow |= SLOW_CONTROLLER;
-    if (!ctx->packet) {
+    ovs_assert(!ctx->xout->slow || ctx->xout->slow == SLOW_CONTROLLER);
+    ctx->xout->slow = SLOW_CONTROLLER;
+    if (!ctx->xin->packet) {
         return;
     }
 
-    packet = ofpbuf_clone(ctx->packet);
+    packet = ofpbuf_clone(ctx->xin->packet);
 
     if (packet->l2 && packet->l3) {
         struct eth_header *eh;
+        uint16_t mpls_depth;
 
         eth_pop_vlan(packet);
         eh = packet->l2;
 
-        /* If the Ethernet type is less than ETH_TYPE_MIN, it's likely an 802.2
-         * LLC frame.  Calculating the Ethernet type of these frames is more
-         * trouble than seems appropriate for a simple assertion. */
-        ovs_assert(ntohs(eh->eth_type) < ETH_TYPE_MIN
-                   || eh->eth_type == ctx->flow.dl_type);
+        memcpy(eh->eth_src, ctx->xin->flow.dl_src, sizeof eh->eth_src);
+        memcpy(eh->eth_dst, ctx->xin->flow.dl_dst, sizeof eh->eth_dst);
+
+        if (ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci & htons(VLAN_CFI)) {
+            eth_push_vlan(packet, ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci);
+        }
 
-        memcpy(eh->eth_src, ctx->flow.dl_src, sizeof eh->eth_src);
-        memcpy(eh->eth_dst, ctx->flow.dl_dst, sizeof eh->eth_dst);
+        mpls_depth = eth_mpls_depth(packet);
 
-        if (ctx->flow.vlan_tci & htons(VLAN_CFI)) {
-            eth_push_vlan(packet, ctx->flow.vlan_tci);
+        if (mpls_depth < ctx->xin->flow.mpls_depth) {
+            push_mpls(packet, ctx->xin->flow.dl_type, ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse);
+        } else if (mpls_depth > ctx->xin->flow.mpls_depth) {
+            pop_mpls(packet, ctx->xin->flow.dl_type);
+        } else if (mpls_depth) {
+            set_mpls_lse(packet, ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse);
         }
 
         if (packet->l4) {
-            if (ctx->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
-                packet_set_ipv4(packet, ctx->flow.nw_src, ctx->flow.nw_dst,
-                                ctx->flow.nw_tos, ctx->flow.nw_ttl);
+            if (ctx->xin->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
+                packet_set_ipv4(packet, ctx->xin->flow.nw_src,
+                                ctx->xin->flow.nw_dst, ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos,
+                                ctx->xin->flow.nw_ttl);
             }
 
             if (packet->l7) {
-                if (ctx->flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_TCP) {
-                    packet_set_tcp_port(packet, ctx->flow.tp_src,
-                                        ctx->flow.tp_dst);
-                } else if (ctx->flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_UDP) {
-                    packet_set_udp_port(packet, ctx->flow.tp_src,
-                                        ctx->flow.tp_dst);
+                if (ctx->xin->flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_TCP) {
+                    packet_set_tcp_port(packet, ctx->xin->flow.tp_src,
+                                        ctx->xin->flow.tp_dst);
+                } else if (ctx->xin->flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_UDP) {
+                    packet_set_udp_port(packet, ctx->xin->flow.tp_src,
+                                        ctx->xin->flow.tp_dst);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -5616,22 +6230,62 @@ execute_controller_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, int len,
     pin.cookie = ctx->rule ? ctx->rule->up.flow_cookie : 0;
 
     pin.send_len = len;
-    flow_get_metadata(&ctx->flow, &pin.fmd);
+    flow_get_metadata(&ctx->xin->flow, &pin.fmd);
 
     connmgr_send_packet_in(ctx->ofproto->up.connmgr, &pin);
     ofpbuf_delete(packet);
 }
 
+static void
+execute_mpls_push_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, ovs_be16 eth_type)
+{
+    ovs_assert(eth_type_mpls(eth_type));
+
+    if (ctx->base_flow.mpls_depth) {
+        ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse &= ~htonl(MPLS_BOS_MASK);
+        ctx->xin->flow.mpls_depth++;
+    } else {
+        ovs_be32 label;
+        uint8_t tc, ttl;
+
+        if (ctx->xin->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IPV6)) {
+            label = htonl(0x2); /* IPV6 Explicit Null. */
+        } else {
+            label = htonl(0x0); /* IPV4 Explicit Null. */
+        }
+        tc = (ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos & IP_DSCP_MASK) >> 2;
+        ttl = ctx->xin->flow.nw_ttl ? ctx->xin->flow.nw_ttl : 0x40;
+        ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse = set_mpls_lse_values(ttl, tc, 1, label);
+        ctx->xin->flow.mpls_depth = 1;
+    }
+    ctx->xin->flow.dl_type = eth_type;
+}
+
+static void
+execute_mpls_pop_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, ovs_be16 eth_type)
+{
+    ovs_assert(eth_type_mpls(ctx->xin->flow.dl_type));
+    ovs_assert(!eth_type_mpls(eth_type));
+
+    if (ctx->xin->flow.mpls_depth) {
+        ctx->xin->flow.mpls_depth--;
+        ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse = htonl(0);
+        if (!ctx->xin->flow.mpls_depth) {
+            ctx->xin->flow.dl_type = eth_type;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 static bool
-compose_dec_ttl(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofpact_cnt_ids *ids)
+compose_dec_ttl(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofpact_cnt_ids *ids)
 {
-    if (ctx->flow.dl_type != htons(ETH_TYPE_IP) &&
-        ctx->flow.dl_type != htons(ETH_TYPE_IPV6)) {
+    if (ctx->xin->flow.dl_type != htons(ETH_TYPE_IP) &&
+        ctx->xin->flow.dl_type != htons(ETH_TYPE_IPV6)) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (ctx->flow.nw_ttl > 1) {
-        ctx->flow.nw_ttl--;
+    if (ctx->xin->flow.nw_ttl > 1) {
+        ctx->xin->flow.nw_ttl--;
         return false;
     } else {
         size_t i;
@@ -5646,20 +6300,52 @@ compose_dec_ttl(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofpact_cnt_ids *ids)
     }
 }
 
+static bool
+execute_set_mpls_ttl_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, uint8_t ttl)
+{
+    if (!eth_type_mpls(ctx->xin->flow.dl_type)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    set_mpls_lse_ttl(&ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse, ttl);
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool
+execute_dec_mpls_ttl_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
+{
+    uint8_t ttl = mpls_lse_to_ttl(ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse);
+
+    if (!eth_type_mpls(ctx->xin->flow.dl_type)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (ttl > 1) {
+        ttl--;
+        set_mpls_lse_ttl(&ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse, ttl);
+        return false;
+    } else {
+        execute_controller_action(ctx, UINT16_MAX, OFPR_INVALID_TTL, 0);
+
+        /* Stop processing for current table. */
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
 static void
-xlate_output_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_output_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                     uint16_t port, uint16_t max_len, bool may_packet_in)
 {
-    uint16_t prev_nf_output_iface = ctx->nf_output_iface;
+    uint16_t prev_nf_output_iface = ctx->xout->nf_output_iface;
 
-    ctx->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_DROP;
+    ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_DROP;
 
     switch (port) {
     case OFPP_IN_PORT:
-        compose_output_action(ctx, ctx->flow.in_port);
+        compose_output_action(ctx, ctx->xin->flow.in_port);
         break;
     case OFPP_TABLE:
-        xlate_table_action(ctx, ctx->flow.in_port, 0, may_packet_in);
+        xlate_table_action(ctx, ctx->xin->flow.in_port, 0, may_packet_in);
         break;
     case OFPP_NORMAL:
         xlate_normal(ctx);
@@ -5677,7 +6363,7 @@ xlate_output_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
         break;
     case OFPP_LOCAL:
     default:
-        if (port != ctx->flow.in_port) {
+        if (port != ctx->xin->flow.in_port) {
             compose_output_action(ctx, port);
         } else {
             xlate_report(ctx, "skipping output to input port");
@@ -5686,27 +6372,27 @@ xlate_output_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
     }
 
     if (prev_nf_output_iface == NF_OUT_FLOOD) {
-        ctx->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_FLOOD;
-    } else if (ctx->nf_output_iface == NF_OUT_DROP) {
-        ctx->nf_output_iface = prev_nf_output_iface;
+        ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_FLOOD;
+    } else if (ctx->xout->nf_output_iface == NF_OUT_DROP) {
+        ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = prev_nf_output_iface;
     } else if (prev_nf_output_iface != NF_OUT_DROP &&
-               ctx->nf_output_iface != NF_OUT_FLOOD) {
-        ctx->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_MULTI;
+               ctx->xout->nf_output_iface != NF_OUT_FLOOD) {
+        ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_MULTI;
     }
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_output_reg_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_output_reg_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                         const struct ofpact_output_reg *or)
 {
-    uint64_t port = mf_get_subfield(&or->src, &ctx->flow);
+    uint64_t port = mf_get_subfield(&or->src, &ctx->xin->flow);
     if (port <= UINT16_MAX) {
         xlate_output_action(ctx, port, or->max_len, false);
     }
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_enqueue_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_enqueue_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                      const struct ofpact_enqueue *enqueue)
 {
     uint16_t ofp_port = enqueue->port;
@@ -5725,64 +6411,39 @@ xlate_enqueue_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
 
     /* Check output port. */
     if (ofp_port == OFPP_IN_PORT) {
-        ofp_port = ctx->flow.in_port;
-    } else if (ofp_port == ctx->flow.in_port) {
+        ofp_port = ctx->xin->flow.in_port;
+    } else if (ofp_port == ctx->xin->flow.in_port) {
         return;
     }
 
     /* Add datapath actions. */
-    flow_priority = ctx->flow.skb_priority;
-    ctx->flow.skb_priority = priority;
+    flow_priority = ctx->xin->flow.skb_priority;
+    ctx->xin->flow.skb_priority = priority;
     compose_output_action(ctx, ofp_port);
-    ctx->flow.skb_priority = flow_priority;
+    ctx->xin->flow.skb_priority = flow_priority;
 
     /* Update NetFlow output port. */
-    if (ctx->nf_output_iface == NF_OUT_DROP) {
-        ctx->nf_output_iface = ofp_port;
-    } else if (ctx->nf_output_iface != NF_OUT_FLOOD) {
-        ctx->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_MULTI;
+    if (ctx->xout->nf_output_iface == NF_OUT_DROP) {
+        ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = ofp_port;
+    } else if (ctx->xout->nf_output_iface != NF_OUT_FLOOD) {
+        ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_MULTI;
     }
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_set_queue_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, uint32_t queue_id)
+xlate_set_queue_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, uint32_t queue_id)
 {
     uint32_t skb_priority;
 
     if (!dpif_queue_to_priority(ctx->ofproto->backer->dpif,
                                 queue_id, &skb_priority)) {
-        ctx->flow.skb_priority = skb_priority;
+        ctx->xin->flow.skb_priority = skb_priority;
     } else {
         /* Couldn't translate queue to a priority.  Nothing to do.  A warning
          * has already been logged. */
     }
 }
 
-struct xlate_reg_state {
-    ovs_be16 vlan_tci;
-    ovs_be64 tun_id;
-};
-
-static void
-xlate_autopath(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
-               const struct ofpact_autopath *ap)
-{
-    uint16_t ofp_port = ap->port;
-    struct ofport_dpif *port = get_ofp_port(ctx->ofproto, ofp_port);
-
-    if (!port || !port->bundle) {
-        ofp_port = OFPP_NONE;
-    } else if (port->bundle->bond) {
-        /* Autopath does not support VLAN hashing. */
-        struct ofport_dpif *slave = bond_choose_output_slave(
-            port->bundle->bond, &ctx->flow, 0, &ctx->tags);
-        if (slave) {
-            ofp_port = slave->up.ofp_port;
-        }
-    }
-    nxm_reg_load(&ap->dst, ofp_port, &ctx->flow);
-}
-
 static bool
 slave_enabled_cb(uint16_t ofp_port, void *ofproto_)
 {
@@ -5806,21 +6467,22 @@ slave_enabled_cb(uint16_t ofp_port, void *ofproto_)
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_bundle_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_bundle_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                     const struct ofpact_bundle *bundle)
 {
     uint16_t port;
 
-    port = bundle_execute(bundle, &ctx->flow, slave_enabled_cb, ctx->ofproto);
+    port = bundle_execute(bundle, &ctx->xin->flow, slave_enabled_cb,
+                          ctx->ofproto);
     if (bundle->dst.field) {
-        nxm_reg_load(&bundle->dst, port, &ctx->flow);
+        nxm_reg_load(&bundle->dst, port, &ctx->xin->flow);
     } else {
         xlate_output_action(ctx, port, 0, false);
     }
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_learn_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_learn_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                    const struct ofpact_learn *learn)
 {
     static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(5, 1);
@@ -5830,7 +6492,7 @@ xlate_learn_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
     int error;
 
     ofpbuf_use_stack(&ofpacts, ofpacts_stub, sizeof ofpacts_stub);
-    learn_execute(learn, &ctx->flow, &fm, &ofpacts);
+    learn_execute(learn, &ctx->xin->flow, &fm, &ofpacts);
 
     error = ofproto_flow_mod(&ctx->ofproto->up, &fm);
     if (error && !VLOG_DROP_WARN(&rl)) {
@@ -5852,10 +6514,10 @@ reduce_timeout(uint16_t max, uint16_t *timeout)
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_fin_timeout(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_fin_timeout(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                   const struct ofpact_fin_timeout *oft)
 {
-    if (ctx->tcp_flags & (TCP_FIN | TCP_RST) && ctx->rule) {
+    if (ctx->xin->tcp_flags & (TCP_FIN | TCP_RST) && ctx->rule) {
         struct rule_dpif *rule = ctx->rule;
 
         reduce_timeout(oft->fin_idle_timeout, &rule->up.idle_timeout);
@@ -5863,10 +6525,29 @@ xlate_fin_timeout(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
     }
 }
 
+static void
+xlate_sample_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
+                    const struct ofpact_sample *os)
+{
+  union user_action_cookie cookie;
+  /* Scale the probability from 16-bit to 32-bit while representing
+   * the same percentage. */
+  uint32_t probability = (os->probability << 16) | os->probability;
+
+  commit_odp_actions(&ctx->xin->flow, &ctx->base_flow,
+                     &ctx->xout->odp_actions);
+
+  compose_flow_sample_cookie(os->probability, os->collector_set_id,
+                             os->obs_domain_id, os->obs_point_id, &cookie);
+  compose_sample_action(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->xout->odp_actions, &ctx->xin->flow,
+                        probability, &cookie, sizeof cookie.flow_sample);
+}
+
 static bool
-may_receive(const struct ofport_dpif *port, struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
+may_receive(const struct ofport_dpif *port, struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 {
-    if (port->up.pp.config & (eth_addr_equals(ctx->flow.dl_dst, eth_addr_stp)
+    if (port->up.pp.config & (eth_addr_equals(ctx->xin->flow.dl_dst,
+                                              eth_addr_stp)
                               ? OFPUTIL_PC_NO_RECV_STP
                               : OFPUTIL_PC_NO_RECV)) {
         return false;
@@ -5884,25 +6565,38 @@ may_receive(const struct ofport_dpif *port, struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
     return true;
 }
 
+static bool
+tunnel_ecn_ok(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
+{
+    if (is_ip_any(&ctx->base_flow)
+        && (ctx->xin->flow.tunnel.ip_tos & IP_ECN_MASK) == IP_ECN_CE) {
+        if ((ctx->base_flow.nw_tos & IP_ECN_MASK) == IP_ECN_NOT_ECT) {
+            VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "dropping tunnel packet marked ECN CE"
+                         " but is not ECN capable");
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            /* Set the ECN CE value in the tunneled packet. */
+            ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos |= IP_ECN_CE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 static void
 do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
-                 struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
+                 struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 {
-    const struct ofport_dpif *port;
     bool was_evictable = true;
     const struct ofpact *a;
 
-    port = get_ofp_port(ctx->ofproto, ctx->flow.in_port);
-    if (port && !may_receive(port, ctx)) {
-        /* Drop this flow. */
-        return;
-    }
-
     if (ctx->rule) {
         /* Don't let the rule we're working on get evicted underneath us. */
         was_evictable = ctx->rule->up.evictable;
         ctx->rule->up.evictable = false;
     }
+
+ do_xlate_actions_again:
     OFPACT_FOR_EACH (a, ofpacts, ofpacts_len) {
         struct ofpact_controller *controller;
         const struct ofpact_metadata *metadata;
@@ -5929,59 +6623,70 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_VLAN_VID:
-            ctx->flow.vlan_tci &= ~htons(VLAN_VID_MASK);
-            ctx->flow.vlan_tci |= (htons(ofpact_get_SET_VLAN_VID(a)->vlan_vid)
-                                   | htons(VLAN_CFI));
+            ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci &= ~htons(VLAN_VID_MASK);
+            ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci |=
+                (htons(ofpact_get_SET_VLAN_VID(a)->vlan_vid)
+                 | htons(VLAN_CFI));
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_VLAN_PCP:
-            ctx->flow.vlan_tci &= ~htons(VLAN_PCP_MASK);
-            ctx->flow.vlan_tci |= htons((ofpact_get_SET_VLAN_PCP(a)->vlan_pcp
-                                         << VLAN_PCP_SHIFT)
-                                        | VLAN_CFI);
+            ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci &= ~htons(VLAN_PCP_MASK);
+            ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci |=
+                htons((ofpact_get_SET_VLAN_PCP(a)->vlan_pcp << VLAN_PCP_SHIFT)
+                      | VLAN_CFI);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_STRIP_VLAN:
-            ctx->flow.vlan_tci = htons(0);
+            ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci = htons(0);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_PUSH_VLAN:
             /* XXX 802.1AD(QinQ) */
-            ctx->flow.vlan_tci = htons(VLAN_CFI);
+            ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci = htons(VLAN_CFI);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_ETH_SRC:
-            memcpy(ctx->flow.dl_src, ofpact_get_SET_ETH_SRC(a)->mac,
+            memcpy(ctx->xin->flow.dl_src, ofpact_get_SET_ETH_SRC(a)->mac,
                    ETH_ADDR_LEN);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_ETH_DST:
-            memcpy(ctx->flow.dl_dst, ofpact_get_SET_ETH_DST(a)->mac,
+            memcpy(ctx->xin->flow.dl_dst, ofpact_get_SET_ETH_DST(a)->mac,
                    ETH_ADDR_LEN);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_IPV4_SRC:
-            ctx->flow.nw_src = ofpact_get_SET_IPV4_SRC(a)->ipv4;
+            if (ctx->xin->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
+                ctx->xin->flow.nw_src = ofpact_get_SET_IPV4_SRC(a)->ipv4;
+            }
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_IPV4_DST:
-            ctx->flow.nw_dst = ofpact_get_SET_IPV4_DST(a)->ipv4;
+            if (ctx->xin->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
+                ctx->xin->flow.nw_dst = ofpact_get_SET_IPV4_DST(a)->ipv4;
+            }
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_IPV4_DSCP:
             /* OpenFlow 1.0 only supports IPv4. */
-            if (ctx->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
-                ctx->flow.nw_tos &= ~IP_DSCP_MASK;
-                ctx->flow.nw_tos |= ofpact_get_SET_IPV4_DSCP(a)->dscp;
+            if (ctx->xin->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
+                ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos &= ~IP_DSCP_MASK;
+                ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos |= ofpact_get_SET_IPV4_DSCP(a)->dscp;
             }
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_L4_SRC_PORT:
-            ctx->flow.tp_src = htons(ofpact_get_SET_L4_SRC_PORT(a)->port);
+            if (is_ip_any(&ctx->xin->flow)) {
+                ctx->xin->flow.tp_src =
+                    htons(ofpact_get_SET_L4_SRC_PORT(a)->port);
+            }
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_L4_DST_PORT:
-            ctx->flow.tp_dst = htons(ofpact_get_SET_L4_DST_PORT(a)->port);
+            if (is_ip_any(&ctx->xin->flow)) {
+                ctx->xin->flow.tp_dst =
+                    htons(ofpact_get_SET_L4_DST_PORT(a)->port);
+            }
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_RESUBMIT:
@@ -5989,7 +6694,8 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_TUNNEL:
-            ctx->flow.tunnel.tun_id = htonll(ofpact_get_SET_TUNNEL(a)->tun_id);
+            ctx->xin->flow.tunnel.tun_id =
+                htonll(ofpact_get_SET_TUNNEL(a)->tun_id);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_QUEUE:
@@ -5997,15 +6703,46 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_POP_QUEUE:
-            ctx->flow.skb_priority = ctx->orig_skb_priority;
+            ctx->xin->flow.skb_priority = ctx->orig_skb_priority;
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_REG_MOVE:
-            nxm_execute_reg_move(ofpact_get_REG_MOVE(a), &ctx->flow);
+            nxm_execute_reg_move(ofpact_get_REG_MOVE(a), &ctx->xin->flow);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_REG_LOAD:
-            nxm_execute_reg_load(ofpact_get_REG_LOAD(a), &ctx->flow);
+            nxm_execute_reg_load(ofpact_get_REG_LOAD(a), &ctx->xin->flow);
+            break;
+
+        case OFPACT_STACK_PUSH:
+            nxm_execute_stack_push(ofpact_get_STACK_PUSH(a), &ctx->xin->flow,
+                                   &ctx->stack);
+            break;
+
+        case OFPACT_STACK_POP:
+            nxm_execute_stack_pop(ofpact_get_STACK_POP(a), &ctx->xin->flow,
+                                  &ctx->stack);
+            break;
+
+        case OFPACT_PUSH_MPLS:
+            execute_mpls_push_action(ctx, ofpact_get_PUSH_MPLS(a)->ethertype);
+            break;
+
+        case OFPACT_POP_MPLS:
+            execute_mpls_pop_action(ctx, ofpact_get_POP_MPLS(a)->ethertype);
+            break;
+
+        case OFPACT_SET_MPLS_TTL:
+            if (execute_set_mpls_ttl_action(ctx,
+                                            ofpact_get_SET_MPLS_TTL(a)->ttl)) {
+                goto out;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case OFPACT_DEC_MPLS_TTL:
+            if (execute_dec_mpls_ttl_action(ctx)) {
+                goto out;
+            }
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_DEC_TTL:
@@ -6019,11 +6756,7 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_MULTIPATH:
-            multipath_execute(ofpact_get_MULTIPATH(a), &ctx->flow);
-            break;
-
-        case OFPACT_AUTOPATH:
-            xlate_autopath(ctx, ofpact_get_AUTOPATH(a));
+            multipath_execute(ofpact_get_MULTIPATH(a), &ctx->xin->flow);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_BUNDLE:
@@ -6036,8 +6769,8 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_LEARN:
-            ctx->has_learn = true;
-            if (ctx->may_learn) {
+            ctx->xout->has_learn = true;
+            if (ctx->xin->may_learn) {
                 xlate_learn_action(ctx, ofpact_get_LEARN(a));
             }
             break;
@@ -6047,7 +6780,7 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_FIN_TIMEOUT:
-            ctx->has_fin_timeout = true;
+            ctx->xout->has_fin_timeout = true;
             xlate_fin_timeout(ctx, ofpact_get_FIN_TIMEOUT(a));
             break;
 
@@ -6061,40 +6794,106 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
 
         case OFPACT_WRITE_METADATA:
             metadata = ofpact_get_WRITE_METADATA(a);
-            ctx->flow.metadata &= ~metadata->mask;
-            ctx->flow.metadata |= metadata->metadata & metadata->mask;
+            ctx->xin->flow.metadata &= ~metadata->mask;
+            ctx->xin->flow.metadata |= metadata->metadata & metadata->mask;
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_GOTO_TABLE: {
-            /* XXX remove recursion */
-            /* It is assumed that goto-table is last action */
+            /* It is assumed that goto-table is the last action. */
             struct ofpact_goto_table *ogt = ofpact_get_GOTO_TABLE(a);
+            struct rule_dpif *rule;
+
             ovs_assert(ctx->table_id < ogt->table_id);
-            xlate_table_action(ctx, ctx->flow.in_port, ogt->table_id, true);
+
+            ctx->table_id = ogt->table_id;
+
+            /* Look up a flow from the new table. */
+            rule = rule_dpif_lookup__(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->xin->flow, ctx->table_id);
+
+            tag_the_flow(ctx, rule);
+
+            rule = ctx_rule_hooks(ctx, rule, true);
+
+            if (rule) {
+                if (ctx->rule) {
+                    ctx->rule->up.evictable = was_evictable;
+                }
+                ctx->rule = rule;
+                was_evictable = rule->up.evictable;
+                rule->up.evictable = false;
+
+                /* Tail recursion removal. */
+                ofpacts = rule->up.ofpacts;
+                ofpacts_len = rule->up.ofpacts_len;
+                goto do_xlate_actions_again;
+            }
             break;
         }
+
+        case OFPACT_SAMPLE:
+            xlate_sample_action(ctx, ofpact_get_SAMPLE(a));
+            break;
         }
     }
 
 out:
-    /* We've let OFPP_NORMAL and the learning action look at the packet,
-     * so drop it now if forwarding is disabled. */
-    if (port && !stp_forward_in_state(port->stp_state)) {
-        ofpbuf_clear(ctx->odp_actions);
-        add_sflow_action(ctx);
-    }
     if (ctx->rule) {
         ctx->rule->up.evictable = was_evictable;
     }
 }
 
 static void
-action_xlate_ctx_init(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
-                      struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
-                      ovs_be16 initial_tci, struct rule_dpif *rule,
-                      uint8_t tcp_flags, const struct ofpbuf *packet)
+xlate_in_init(struct xlate_in *xin, struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
+              const struct flow *flow,
+              const struct initial_vals *initial_vals,
+              struct rule_dpif *rule, uint8_t tcp_flags,
+              const struct ofpbuf *packet)
+{
+    xin->ofproto = ofproto;
+    xin->flow = *flow;
+    xin->packet = packet;
+    xin->may_learn = packet != NULL;
+    xin->rule = rule;
+    xin->ofpacts = NULL;
+    xin->ofpacts_len = 0;
+    xin->tcp_flags = tcp_flags;
+    xin->resubmit_hook = NULL;
+    xin->report_hook = NULL;
+    xin->resubmit_stats = NULL;
+
+    if (initial_vals) {
+        xin->initial_vals = *initial_vals;
+    } else {
+        xin->initial_vals.vlan_tci = xin->flow.vlan_tci;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+xlate_out_uninit(struct xlate_out *xout)
+{
+    if (xout) {
+        ofpbuf_uninit(&xout->odp_actions);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Translates the 'ofpacts_len' bytes of "struct ofpacts" starting at 'ofpacts'
+ * into datapath actions in 'odp_actions', using 'ctx'. */
+static void
+xlate_actions(struct xlate_in *xin, struct xlate_out *xout)
 {
-    ovs_be64 initial_tun_id = flow->tunnel.tun_id;
+    /* Normally false.  Set to true if we ever hit MAX_RESUBMIT_RECURSION, so
+     * that in the future we always keep a copy of the original flow for
+     * tracing purposes. */
+    static bool hit_resubmit_limit;
+
+    enum slow_path_reason special;
+    const struct ofpact *ofpacts;
+    struct ofport_dpif *in_port;
+    struct flow orig_flow;
+    struct xlate_ctx ctx;
+    size_t ofpacts_len;
+
+    COVERAGE_INC(ofproto_dpif_xlate);
 
     /* Flow initialization rules:
      * - 'base_flow' must match the kernel's view of the packet at the
@@ -6107,80 +6906,69 @@ action_xlate_ctx_init(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
      *   to another device without any modifications this will cause us to
      *   insert a new tag since the original one was stripped off by the
      *   VLAN device.
-     * - Tunnel 'flow' is largely cleared when transitioning between
-     *   the input and output stages since it does not make sense to output
-     *   a packet with the exact headers that it was received with (i.e.
-     *   the destination IP is us).  The one exception is the tun_id, which
-     *   is preserved to allow use in later resubmit lookups and loads into
-     *   registers.
+     * - Tunnel metadata as received is retained in 'flow'. This allows
+     *   tunnel metadata matching also in later tables.
+     *   Since a kernel action for setting the tunnel metadata will only be
+     *   generated with actual tunnel output, changing the tunnel metadata
+     *   values in 'flow' (such as tun_id) will only have effect with a later
+     *   tunnel output action.
      * - Tunnel 'base_flow' is completely cleared since that is what the
      *   kernel does.  If we wish to maintain the original values an action
      *   needs to be generated. */
 
-    ctx->ofproto = ofproto;
-    ctx->flow = *flow;
-    memset(&ctx->flow.tunnel, 0, sizeof ctx->flow.tunnel);
-    ctx->base_flow = ctx->flow;
-    ctx->base_flow.vlan_tci = initial_tci;
-    ctx->flow.tunnel.tun_id = initial_tun_id;
-    ctx->rule = rule;
-    ctx->packet = packet;
-    ctx->may_learn = packet != NULL;
-    ctx->tcp_flags = tcp_flags;
-    ctx->resubmit_hook = NULL;
-    ctx->report_hook = NULL;
-    ctx->resubmit_stats = NULL;
-}
-
-/* Translates the 'ofpacts_len' bytes of "struct ofpacts" starting at 'ofpacts'
- * into datapath actions in 'odp_actions', using 'ctx'. */
-static void
-xlate_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
-              const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
-              struct ofpbuf *odp_actions)
-{
-    /* Normally false.  Set to true if we ever hit MAX_RESUBMIT_RECURSION, so
-     * that in the future we always keep a copy of the original flow for
-     * tracing purposes. */
-    static bool hit_resubmit_limit;
-
-    enum slow_path_reason special;
+    ctx.xin = xin;
+    ctx.xout = xout;
+
+    ctx.ofproto = xin->ofproto;
+    ctx.rule = xin->rule;
+
+    ctx.base_flow = ctx.xin->flow;
+    ctx.base_flow.vlan_tci = xin->initial_vals.vlan_tci;
+    memset(&ctx.base_flow.tunnel, 0, sizeof ctx.base_flow.tunnel);
+    ctx.orig_tunnel_ip_dst = ctx.xin->flow.tunnel.ip_dst;
+
+    ctx.xout->tags = 0;
+    ctx.xout->slow = 0;
+    ctx.xout->has_learn = false;
+    ctx.xout->has_normal = false;
+    ctx.xout->has_fin_timeout = false;
+    ctx.xout->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_DROP;
+    ctx.xout->mirrors = 0;
+
+    ofpbuf_use_stub(&ctx.xout->odp_actions, ctx.xout->odp_actions_stub,
+                    sizeof ctx.xout->odp_actions_stub);
+    ofpbuf_reserve(&ctx.xout->odp_actions, NL_A_U32_SIZE);
+
+    ctx.recurse = 0;
+    ctx.max_resubmit_trigger = false;
+    ctx.orig_skb_priority = ctx.xin->flow.skb_priority;
+    ctx.table_id = 0;
+    ctx.exit = false;
+
+    if (xin->ofpacts) {
+        ofpacts = xin->ofpacts;
+        ofpacts_len = xin->ofpacts_len;
+    } else if (xin->rule) {
+        ofpacts = xin->rule->up.ofpacts;
+        ofpacts_len = xin->rule->up.ofpacts_len;
+    } else {
+        NOT_REACHED();
+    }
 
-    COVERAGE_INC(ofproto_dpif_xlate);
+    ofpbuf_use_stub(&ctx.stack, ctx.init_stack, sizeof ctx.init_stack);
 
-    ofpbuf_clear(odp_actions);
-    ofpbuf_reserve(odp_actions, NL_A_U32_SIZE);
-
-    ctx->odp_actions = odp_actions;
-    ctx->tags = 0;
-    ctx->slow = 0;
-    ctx->has_learn = false;
-    ctx->has_normal = false;
-    ctx->has_fin_timeout = false;
-    ctx->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_DROP;
-    ctx->mirrors = 0;
-    ctx->recurse = 0;
-    ctx->max_resubmit_trigger = false;
-    ctx->orig_skb_priority = ctx->flow.skb_priority;
-    ctx->table_id = 0;
-    ctx->exit = false;
-
-    if (ctx->ofproto->has_mirrors || hit_resubmit_limit) {
+    if (ctx.ofproto->has_mirrors || hit_resubmit_limit) {
         /* Do this conditionally because the copy is expensive enough that it
-         * shows up in profiles.
-         *
-         * We keep orig_flow in 'ctx' only because I couldn't make GCC 4.4
-         * believe that I wasn't using it without initializing it if I kept it
-         * in a local variable. */
-        ctx->orig_flow = ctx->flow;
+         * shows up in profiles. */
+        orig_flow = ctx.xin->flow;
     }
 
-    if (ctx->flow.nw_frag & FLOW_NW_FRAG_ANY) {
-        switch (ctx->ofproto->up.frag_handling) {
+    if (ctx.xin->flow.nw_frag & FLOW_NW_FRAG_ANY) {
+        switch (ctx.ofproto->up.frag_handling) {
         case OFPC_FRAG_NORMAL:
             /* We must pretend that transport ports are unavailable. */
-            ctx->flow.tp_src = ctx->base_flow.tp_src = htons(0);
-            ctx->flow.tp_dst = ctx->base_flow.tp_dst = htons(0);
+            ctx.xin->flow.tp_src = ctx.base_flow.tp_src = htons(0);
+            ctx.xin->flow.tp_dst = ctx.base_flow.tp_dst = htons(0);
             break;
 
         case OFPC_FRAG_DROP:
@@ -6198,18 +6986,34 @@ xlate_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
         }
     }
 
-    special = process_special(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->flow, ctx->packet);
+    in_port = get_ofp_port(ctx.ofproto, ctx.xin->flow.in_port);
+    special = process_special(ctx.ofproto, &ctx.xin->flow, in_port,
+                              ctx.xin->packet);
     if (special) {
-        ctx->slow |= special;
+        ctx.xout->slow = special;
     } else {
         static struct vlog_rate_limit trace_rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 1);
-        ovs_be16 initial_tci = ctx->base_flow.vlan_tci;
+        struct initial_vals initial_vals;
+        size_t sample_actions_len;
         uint32_t local_odp_port;
 
-        add_sflow_action(ctx);
-        do_xlate_actions(ofpacts, ofpacts_len, ctx);
+        initial_vals.vlan_tci = ctx.base_flow.vlan_tci;
+
+        add_sflow_action(&ctx);
+        add_ipfix_action(&ctx);
+        sample_actions_len = ctx.xout->odp_actions.size;
 
-        if (ctx->max_resubmit_trigger && !ctx->resubmit_hook) {
+        if (tunnel_ecn_ok(&ctx) && (!in_port || may_receive(in_port, &ctx))) {
+            do_xlate_actions(ofpacts, ofpacts_len, &ctx);
+
+            /* We've let OFPP_NORMAL and the learning action look at the
+             * packet, so drop it now if forwarding is disabled. */
+            if (in_port && !stp_forward_in_state(in_port->stp_state)) {
+                ctx.xout->odp_actions.size = sample_actions_len;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (ctx.max_resubmit_trigger && !ctx.xin->resubmit_hook) {
             if (!hit_resubmit_limit) {
                 /* We didn't record the original flow.  Make sure we do from
                  * now on. */
@@ -6217,53 +7021,46 @@ xlate_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
             } else if (!VLOG_DROP_ERR(&trace_rl)) {
                 struct ds ds = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
 
-                ofproto_trace(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->orig_flow, ctx->packet,
-                              initial_tci, &ds);
+                ofproto_trace(ctx.ofproto, &orig_flow, ctx.xin->packet,
+                              &initial_vals, &ds);
                 VLOG_ERR("Trace triggered by excessive resubmit "
                          "recursion:\n%s", ds_cstr(&ds));
                 ds_destroy(&ds);
             }
         }
 
-        local_odp_port = ofp_port_to_odp_port(ctx->ofproto, OFPP_LOCAL);
-        if (!connmgr_may_set_up_flow(ctx->ofproto->up.connmgr, &ctx->flow,
-                                     local_odp_port,
-                                     ctx->odp_actions->data,
-                                     ctx->odp_actions->size)) {
-            ctx->slow |= SLOW_IN_BAND;
-            if (ctx->packet
-                && connmgr_msg_in_hook(ctx->ofproto->up.connmgr, &ctx->flow,
-                                       ctx->packet)) {
-                compose_output_action(ctx, OFPP_LOCAL);
-            }
+        local_odp_port = ofp_port_to_odp_port(ctx.ofproto, OFPP_LOCAL);
+        if (!connmgr_must_output_local(ctx.ofproto->up.connmgr, &ctx.xin->flow,
+                                       local_odp_port,
+                                       ctx.xout->odp_actions.data,
+                                       ctx.xout->odp_actions.size)) {
+            compose_output_action(&ctx, OFPP_LOCAL);
         }
-        if (ctx->ofproto->has_mirrors) {
-            add_mirror_actions(ctx, &ctx->orig_flow);
+        if (ctx.ofproto->has_mirrors) {
+            add_mirror_actions(&ctx, &orig_flow);
         }
-        fix_sflow_action(ctx);
+        fix_sflow_action(&ctx);
     }
+
+    ofpbuf_uninit(&ctx.stack);
 }
 
 /* Translates the 'ofpacts_len' bytes of "struct ofpact"s starting at 'ofpacts'
  * into datapath actions, using 'ctx', and discards the datapath actions. */
 static void
-xlate_actions_for_side_effects(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
-                               const struct ofpact *ofpacts,
-                               size_t ofpacts_len)
+xlate_actions_for_side_effects(struct xlate_in *xin)
 {
-    uint64_t odp_actions_stub[1024 / 8];
-    struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
+    struct xlate_out xout;
 
-    ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions, odp_actions_stub, sizeof odp_actions_stub);
-    xlate_actions(ctx, ofpacts, ofpacts_len, &odp_actions);
-    ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
+    xlate_actions(xin, &xout);
+    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_report(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const char *s)
+xlate_report(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, const char *s)
 {
-    if (ctx->report_hook) {
-        ctx->report_hook(ctx, s);
+    if (ctx->xin->report_hook) {
+        ctx->xin->report_hook(ctx, s);
     }
 }
 \f
@@ -6381,7 +7178,7 @@ output_vlan_to_vid(const struct ofbundle *out_bundle, uint16_t vlan)
 }
 
 static void
-output_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct ofbundle *out_bundle,
+output_normal(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct ofbundle *out_bundle,
               uint16_t vlan)
 {
     struct ofport_dpif *port;
@@ -6392,26 +7189,26 @@ output_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct ofbundle *out_bundle,
     if (!out_bundle->bond) {
         port = ofbundle_get_a_port(out_bundle);
     } else {
-        port = bond_choose_output_slave(out_bundle->bond, &ctx->flow,
-                                        vid, &ctx->tags);
+        port = bond_choose_output_slave(out_bundle->bond, &ctx->xin->flow,
+                                        vid, &ctx->xout->tags);
         if (!port) {
             /* No slaves enabled, so drop packet. */
             return;
         }
     }
 
-    old_tci = ctx->flow.vlan_tci;
+    old_tci = ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci;
     tci = htons(vid);
     if (tci || out_bundle->use_priority_tags) {
-        tci |= ctx->flow.vlan_tci & htons(VLAN_PCP_MASK);
+        tci |= ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci & htons(VLAN_PCP_MASK);
         if (tci) {
             tci |= htons(VLAN_CFI);
         }
     }
-    ctx->flow.vlan_tci = tci;
+    ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci = tci;
 
     compose_output_action(ctx, port->up.ofp_port);
-    ctx->flow.vlan_tci = old_tci;
+    ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci = old_tci;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -6449,7 +7246,7 @@ vlan_is_mirrored(const struct ofmirror *m, int vlan)
 }
 
 static void
-add_mirror_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct flow *orig_flow)
+add_mirror_actions(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct flow *orig_flow)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ctx->ofproto;
     mirror_mask_t mirrors;
@@ -6460,7 +7257,7 @@ add_mirror_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct flow *orig_flow)
     size_t left;
 
     in_bundle = lookup_input_bundle(ctx->ofproto, orig_flow->in_port,
-                                    ctx->packet != NULL, NULL);
+                                    ctx->xin->packet != NULL, NULL);
     if (!in_bundle) {
         return;
     }
@@ -6468,7 +7265,7 @@ add_mirror_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct flow *orig_flow)
 
     /* Drop frames on bundles reserved for mirroring. */
     if (in_bundle->mirror_out) {
-        if (ctx->packet != NULL) {
+        if (ctx->xin->packet != NULL) {
             static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 5);
             VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "bridge %s: dropping packet received on port "
                          "%s, which is reserved exclusively for mirroring",
@@ -6479,15 +7276,15 @@ add_mirror_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct flow *orig_flow)
 
     /* Check VLAN. */
     vid = vlan_tci_to_vid(orig_flow->vlan_tci);
-    if (!input_vid_is_valid(vid, in_bundle, ctx->packet != NULL)) {
+    if (!input_vid_is_valid(vid, in_bundle, ctx->xin->packet != NULL)) {
         return;
     }
     vlan = input_vid_to_vlan(in_bundle, vid);
 
     /* Look at the output ports to check for destination selections. */
 
-    NL_ATTR_FOR_EACH (a, left, ctx->odp_actions->data,
-                      ctx->odp_actions->size) {
+    NL_ATTR_FOR_EACH (a, left, ctx->xout->odp_actions.data,
+                      ctx->xout->odp_actions.size) {
         enum ovs_action_attr type = nl_attr_type(a);
         struct ofport_dpif *ofport;
 
@@ -6506,7 +7303,7 @@ add_mirror_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct flow *orig_flow)
     }
 
     /* Restore the original packet before adding the mirror actions. */
-    ctx->flow = *orig_flow;
+    ctx->xin->flow = *orig_flow;
 
     while (mirrors) {
         struct ofmirror *m;
@@ -6519,7 +7316,7 @@ add_mirror_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct flow *orig_flow)
         }
 
         mirrors &= ~m->dup_mirrors;
-        ctx->mirrors |= m->dup_mirrors;
+        ctx->xout->mirrors |= m->dup_mirrors;
         if (m->out) {
             output_normal(ctx, m->out, vlan);
         } else if (vlan != m->out_vlan
@@ -6614,7 +7411,7 @@ update_learning_table(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
                     in_bundle->name, vlan);
 
         mac->port.p = in_bundle;
-        tag_set_add(&ofproto->revalidate_set,
+        tag_set_add(&ofproto->backer->revalidate_set,
                     mac_learning_changed(ofproto->ml, mac));
     }
 }
@@ -6677,11 +7474,11 @@ lookup_input_bundle(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, uint16_t in_port,
  * so in one special case.
  */
 static bool
-is_admissible(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofport_dpif *in_port,
+is_admissible(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofport_dpif *in_port,
               uint16_t vlan)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ctx->ofproto;
-    struct flow *flow = &ctx->flow;
+    struct flow *flow = &ctx->xin->flow;
     struct ofbundle *in_bundle = in_port->bundle;
 
     /* Drop frames for reserved multicast addresses
@@ -6695,7 +7492,7 @@ is_admissible(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofport_dpif *in_port,
         struct mac_entry *mac;
 
         switch (bond_check_admissibility(in_bundle->bond, in_port,
-                                         flow->dl_dst, &ctx->tags)) {
+                                         flow->dl_dst, &ctx->xout->tags)) {
         case BV_ACCEPT:
             break;
 
@@ -6720,7 +7517,7 @@ is_admissible(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofport_dpif *in_port,
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
+xlate_normal(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 {
     struct ofport_dpif *in_port;
     struct ofbundle *in_bundle;
@@ -6728,19 +7525,19 @@ xlate_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
     uint16_t vlan;
     uint16_t vid;
 
-    ctx->has_normal = true;
+    ctx->xout->has_normal = true;
 
-    in_bundle = lookup_input_bundle(ctx->ofproto, ctx->flow.in_port,
-                                    ctx->packet != NULL, &in_port);
+    in_bundle = lookup_input_bundle(ctx->ofproto, ctx->xin->flow.in_port,
+                                    ctx->xin->packet != NULL, &in_port);
     if (!in_bundle) {
         xlate_report(ctx, "no input bundle, dropping");
         return;
     }
 
     /* Drop malformed frames. */
-    if (ctx->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_VLAN) &&
-        !(ctx->flow.vlan_tci & htons(VLAN_CFI))) {
-        if (ctx->packet != NULL) {
+    if (ctx->xin->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_VLAN) &&
+        !(ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci & htons(VLAN_CFI))) {
+        if (ctx->xin->packet != NULL) {
             static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 5);
             VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "bridge %s: dropping packet with partial "
                          "VLAN tag received on port %s",
@@ -6752,7 +7549,7 @@ xlate_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
 
     /* Drop frames on bundles reserved for mirroring. */
     if (in_bundle->mirror_out) {
-        if (ctx->packet != NULL) {
+        if (ctx->xin->packet != NULL) {
             static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 5);
             VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "bridge %s: dropping packet received on port "
                          "%s, which is reserved exclusively for mirroring",
@@ -6763,8 +7560,8 @@ xlate_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
     }
 
     /* Check VLAN. */
-    vid = vlan_tci_to_vid(ctx->flow.vlan_tci);
-    if (!input_vid_is_valid(vid, in_bundle, ctx->packet != NULL)) {
+    vid = vlan_tci_to_vid(ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci);
+    if (!input_vid_is_valid(vid, in_bundle, ctx->xin->packet != NULL)) {
         xlate_report(ctx, "disallowed VLAN VID for this input port, dropping");
         return;
     }
@@ -6776,13 +7573,13 @@ xlate_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
     }
 
     /* Learn source MAC. */
-    if (ctx->may_learn) {
-        update_learning_table(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->flow, vlan, in_bundle);
+    if (ctx->xin->may_learn) {
+        update_learning_table(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->xin->flow, vlan, in_bundle);
     }
 
     /* Determine output bundle. */
-    mac = mac_learning_lookup(ctx->ofproto->ml, ctx->flow.dl_dst, vlan,
-                              &ctx->tags);
+    mac = mac_learning_lookup(ctx->ofproto->ml, ctx->xin->flow.dl_dst, vlan,
+                              &ctx->xout->tags);
     if (mac) {
         if (mac->port.p != in_bundle) {
             xlate_report(ctx, "forwarding to learned port");
@@ -6802,7 +7599,7 @@ xlate_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
                 output_normal(ctx, bundle, vlan);
             }
         }
-        ctx->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_FLOOD;
+        ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_FLOOD;
     }
 }
 \f
@@ -6890,7 +7687,7 @@ table_update_taggable(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, uint8_t table_id)
     if (table->catchall_table != catchall || table->other_table != other) {
         table->catchall_table = catchall;
         table->other_table = other;
-        ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_FLOW_TABLE;
+        ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_FLOW_TABLE;
     }
 }
 
@@ -6908,13 +7705,13 @@ rule_invalidate(const struct rule_dpif *rule)
 
     table_update_taggable(ofproto, rule->up.table_id);
 
-    if (!ofproto->need_revalidate) {
+    if (!ofproto->backer->need_revalidate) {
         struct table_dpif *table = &ofproto->tables[rule->up.table_id];
 
         if (table->other_table && rule->tag) {
-            tag_set_add(&ofproto->revalidate_set, rule->tag);
+            tag_set_add(&ofproto->backer->revalidate_set, rule->tag);
         } else {
-            ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_FLOW_TABLE;
+            ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_FLOW_TABLE;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -6924,9 +7721,8 @@ set_frag_handling(struct ofproto *ofproto_,
                   enum ofp_config_flags frag_handling)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
-
     if (frag_handling != OFPC_FRAG_REASM) {
-        ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+        ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
         return true;
     } else {
         return false;
@@ -6939,14 +7735,13 @@ packet_out(struct ofproto *ofproto_, struct ofpbuf *packet,
            const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
+    struct initial_vals initial_vals;
     struct odputil_keybuf keybuf;
     struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
     struct ofpbuf key;
 
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
-    uint64_t odp_actions_stub[1024 / 8];
-    struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
 
     ofpbuf_use_stack(&key, &keybuf, sizeof keybuf);
     odp_flow_key_from_flow(&key, flow,
@@ -6954,16 +7749,17 @@ packet_out(struct ofproto *ofproto_, struct ofpbuf *packet,
 
     dpif_flow_stats_extract(flow, packet, time_msec(), &stats);
 
-    action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, flow, flow->vlan_tci, NULL,
-                          packet_get_tcp_flags(packet, flow), packet);
-    ctx.resubmit_stats = &stats;
+    initial_vals.vlan_tci = flow->vlan_tci;
+    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, flow, &initial_vals, NULL, stats.tcp_flags,
+                  packet);
+    xin.resubmit_stats = &stats;
+    xin.ofpacts_len = ofpacts_len;
+    xin.ofpacts = ofpacts;
 
-    ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions,
-                    odp_actions_stub, sizeof odp_actions_stub);
-    xlate_actions(&ctx, ofpacts, ofpacts_len, &odp_actions);
+    xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
     dpif_execute(ofproto->backer->dpif, key.data, key.size,
-                 odp_actions.data, odp_actions.size, packet);
-    ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
+                 xout.odp_actions.data, xout.odp_actions.size, packet);
+    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -7009,7 +7805,7 @@ send_active_timeout(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, struct facet *facet)
             if (subfacet->path == SF_FAST_PATH) {
                 struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
 
-                subfacet_reinstall(subfacet, &stats);
+                subfacet_install(subfacet, &facet->xout.odp_actions, &stats);
                 subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, &stats);
             }
         }
@@ -7058,10 +7854,10 @@ ofproto_unixctl_fdb_flush(struct unixctl_conn *conn, int argc,
             unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "no such bridge");
             return;
         }
-        mac_learning_flush(ofproto->ml, &ofproto->revalidate_set);
+        mac_learning_flush(ofproto->ml, &ofproto->backer->revalidate_set);
     } else {
         HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
-            mac_learning_flush(ofproto->ml, &ofproto->revalidate_set);
+            mac_learning_flush(ofproto->ml, &ofproto->backer->revalidate_set);
         }
     }
 
@@ -7095,7 +7891,8 @@ ofproto_unixctl_fdb_show(struct unixctl_conn *conn, int argc OVS_UNUSED,
 }
 
 struct trace_ctx {
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
     struct flow flow;
     struct ds *result;
 };
@@ -7123,15 +7920,15 @@ trace_format_rule(struct ds *result, uint8_t table_id, int level,
 
 static void
 trace_format_flow(struct ds *result, int level, const char *title,
-                 struct trace_ctx *trace)
+                  struct trace_ctx *trace)
 {
     ds_put_char_multiple(result, '\t', level);
     ds_put_format(result, "%s: ", title);
-    if (flow_equal(&trace->ctx.flow, &trace->flow)) {
+    if (flow_equal(&trace->xin.flow, &trace->flow)) {
         ds_put_cstr(result, "unchanged");
     } else {
-        flow_format(result, &trace->ctx.flow);
-        trace->flow = trace->ctx.flow;
+        flow_format(result, &trace->xin.flow);
+        trace->flow = trace->xin.flow;
     }
     ds_put_char(result, '\n');
 }
@@ -7154,7 +7951,7 @@ static void
 trace_format_odp(struct ds *result, int level, const char *title,
                  struct trace_ctx *trace)
 {
-    struct ofpbuf *odp_actions = trace->ctx.odp_actions;
+    struct ofpbuf *odp_actions = &trace->xout.odp_actions;
 
     ds_put_char_multiple(result, '\t', level);
     ds_put_format(result, "%s: ", title);
@@ -7163,9 +7960,9 @@ trace_format_odp(struct ds *result, int level, const char *title,
 }
 
 static void
-trace_resubmit(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct rule_dpif *rule)
+trace_resubmit(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, struct rule_dpif *rule)
 {
-    struct trace_ctx *trace = CONTAINER_OF(ctx, struct trace_ctx, ctx);
+    struct trace_ctx *trace = CONTAINER_OF(ctx->xin, struct trace_ctx, xin);
     struct ds *result = trace->result;
 
     ds_put_char(result, '\n');
@@ -7176,9 +7973,9 @@ trace_resubmit(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct rule_dpif *rule)
 }
 
 static void
-trace_report(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const char *s)
+trace_report(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, const char *s)
 {
-    struct trace_ctx *trace = CONTAINER_OF(ctx, struct trace_ctx, ctx);
+    struct trace_ctx *trace = CONTAINER_OF(ctx->xin, struct trace_ctx, xin);
     struct ds *result = trace->result;
 
     ds_put_char_multiple(result, '\t', ctx->recurse);
@@ -7190,112 +7987,113 @@ static void
 ofproto_unixctl_trace(struct unixctl_conn *conn, int argc, const char *argv[],
                       void *aux OVS_UNUSED)
 {
-    const char *dpname = argv[1];
+    const struct dpif_backer *backer;
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
     struct ofpbuf odp_key;
     struct ofpbuf *packet;
-    ovs_be16 initial_tci;
+    struct initial_vals initial_vals;
     struct ds result;
     struct flow flow;
     char *s;
 
     packet = NULL;
-    ofpbuf_init(&odp_key, 0);
+    backer = NULL;
     ds_init(&result);
+    ofpbuf_init(&odp_key, 0);
 
-    ofproto = ofproto_dpif_lookup(dpname);
-    if (!ofproto) {
-        unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "Unknown ofproto (use ofproto/list "
-                                    "for help)");
-        goto exit;
+    /* Handle "-generate" or a hex string as the last argument. */
+    if (!strcmp(argv[argc - 1], "-generate")) {
+        packet = ofpbuf_new(0);
+        argc--;
+    } else {
+        const char *error = eth_from_hex(argv[argc - 1], &packet);
+        if (!error) {
+            argc--;
+        } else if (argc == 4) {
+            /* The 3-argument form must end in "-generate' or a hex string. */
+            unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, error);
+            goto exit;
+        }
     }
-    if (argc == 3 || (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[3], "-generate"))) {
-        /* ofproto/trace dpname flow [-generate] */
-        const char *flow_s = argv[2];
-        const char *generate_s = argv[3];
-
-        /* Allow 'flow_s' to be either a datapath flow or an OpenFlow-like
-         * flow.  We guess which type it is based on whether 'flow_s' contains
-         * an '(', since a datapath flow always contains '(') but an
-         * OpenFlow-like flow should not (in fact it's allowed but I believe
-         * that's not documented anywhere).
-         *
-         * An alternative would be to try to parse 'flow_s' both ways, but then
-         * it would be tricky giving a sensible error message.  After all, do
-         * you just say "syntax error" or do you present both error messages?
-         * Both choices seem lousy. */
-        if (strchr(flow_s, '(')) {
-            int error;
 
-            /* Convert string to datapath key. */
-            ofpbuf_init(&odp_key, 0);
-            error = odp_flow_key_from_string(flow_s, NULL, &odp_key);
-            if (error) {
-                unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "Bad flow syntax");
-                goto exit;
+    /* Parse the flow and determine whether a datapath or
+     * bridge is specified. If function odp_flow_key_from_string()
+     * returns 0, the flow is a odp_flow. If function
+     * parse_ofp_exact_flow() returns 0, the flow is a br_flow. */
+    if (!odp_flow_key_from_string(argv[argc - 1], NULL, &odp_key)) {
+        /* If the odp_flow is the second argument,
+         * the datapath name is the first argument. */
+        if (argc == 3) {
+            const char *dp_type;
+            if (!strncmp(argv[1], "ovs-", 4)) {
+                dp_type = argv[1] + 4;
+            } else {
+                dp_type = argv[1];
             }
-
-            /* XXX: Since we allow the user to specify an ofproto, it's
-             * possible they will specify a different ofproto than the one the
-             * port actually belongs too.  Ideally we should simply remove the
-             * ability to specify the ofproto. */
-            if (ofproto_receive(ofproto->backer, NULL, odp_key.data,
-                                odp_key.size, &flow, NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                &initial_tci)) {
-                unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "Invalid flow");
+            backer = shash_find_data(&all_dpif_backers, dp_type);
+            if (!backer) {
+                unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "Cannot find datapath "
+                               "of this name");
                 goto exit;
             }
         } else {
-            char *error_s;
-
-            error_s = parse_ofp_exact_flow(&flow, argv[2]);
-            if (error_s) {
-                unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, error_s);
-                free(error_s);
+            /* No datapath name specified, so there should be only one
+             * datapath. */
+            struct shash_node *node;
+            if (shash_count(&all_dpif_backers) != 1) {
+                unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "Must specify datapath "
+                         "name, there is more than one type of datapath");
                 goto exit;
             }
-
-            initial_tci = flow.vlan_tci;
+            node = shash_first(&all_dpif_backers);
+            backer = node->data;
         }
 
-        /* Generate a packet, if requested. */
-        if (generate_s) {
-            packet = ofpbuf_new(0);
-            flow_compose(packet, &flow);
+        /* Extract the ofproto_dpif object from the ofproto_receive()
+         * function. */
+        if (ofproto_receive(backer, NULL, odp_key.data,
+                            odp_key.size, &flow, NULL, &ofproto, NULL,
+                            &initial_vals)) {
+            unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "Invalid datapath flow");
+            goto exit;
         }
-    } else if (argc == 7) {
-        /* ofproto/trace dpname priority tun_id in_port mark packet */
-        const char *priority_s = argv[2];
-        const char *tun_id_s = argv[3];
-        const char *in_port_s = argv[4];
-        const char *mark_s = argv[5];
-        const char *packet_s = argv[6];
-        uint32_t in_port = atoi(in_port_s);
-        ovs_be64 tun_id = htonll(strtoull(tun_id_s, NULL, 0));
-        uint32_t priority = atoi(priority_s);
-        uint32_t mark = atoi(mark_s);
-        const char *msg;
-
-        msg = eth_from_hex(packet_s, &packet);
-        if (msg) {
-            unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, msg);
+        ds_put_format(&result, "Bridge: %s\n", ofproto->up.name);
+    } else if (!parse_ofp_exact_flow(&flow, argv[argc - 1])) {
+        if (argc != 3) {
+            unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "Must specify bridge name");
             goto exit;
         }
 
-        ds_put_cstr(&result, "Packet: ");
-        s = ofp_packet_to_string(packet->data, packet->size);
-        ds_put_cstr(&result, s);
-        free(s);
-
-        flow_extract(packet, priority, mark, NULL, in_port, &flow);
-        flow.tunnel.tun_id = tun_id;
-        initial_tci = flow.vlan_tci;
+        ofproto = ofproto_dpif_lookup(argv[1]);
+        if (!ofproto) {
+            unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "Unknown bridge name");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        initial_vals.vlan_tci = flow.vlan_tci;
     } else {
-        unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "Bad command syntax");
+        unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "Bad flow syntax");
         goto exit;
     }
 
-    ofproto_trace(ofproto, &flow, packet, initial_tci, &result);
+    /* Generate a packet, if requested. */
+    if (packet) {
+        if (!packet->size) {
+            flow_compose(packet, &flow);
+        } else {
+            ds_put_cstr(&result, "Packet: ");
+            s = ofp_packet_to_string(packet->data, packet->size);
+            ds_put_cstr(&result, s);
+            free(s);
+
+            /* Use the metadata from the flow and the packet argument
+             * to reconstruct the flow. */
+            flow_extract(packet, flow.skb_priority, flow.skb_mark, NULL,
+                         flow.in_port, &flow);
+            initial_vals.vlan_tci = flow.vlan_tci;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ofproto_trace(ofproto, &flow, packet, &initial_vals, &result);
     unixctl_command_reply(conn, ds_cstr(&result));
 
 exit:
@@ -7306,8 +8104,8 @@ exit:
 
 static void
 ofproto_trace(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
-              const struct ofpbuf *packet, ovs_be16 initial_tci,
-              struct ds *ds)
+              const struct ofpbuf *packet,
+              const struct initial_vals *initial_vals, struct ds *ds)
 {
     struct rule_dpif *rule;
 
@@ -7337,64 +8135,44 @@ ofproto_trace(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
         trace.flow = *flow;
         ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions,
                         odp_actions_stub, sizeof odp_actions_stub);
-        action_xlate_ctx_init(&trace.ctx, ofproto, flow, initial_tci,
-                              rule, tcp_flags, packet);
-        trace.ctx.resubmit_hook = trace_resubmit;
-        trace.ctx.report_hook = trace_report;
-        xlate_actions(&trace.ctx, rule->up.ofpacts, rule->up.ofpacts_len,
-                      &odp_actions);
+        xlate_in_init(&trace.xin, ofproto, flow, initial_vals, rule, tcp_flags,
+                      packet);
+        trace.xin.resubmit_hook = trace_resubmit;
+        trace.xin.report_hook = trace_report;
+        xlate_actions(&trace.xin, &trace.xout);
 
         ds_put_char(ds, '\n');
         trace_format_flow(ds, 0, "Final flow", &trace);
         ds_put_cstr(ds, "Datapath actions: ");
-        format_odp_actions(ds, odp_actions.data, odp_actions.size);
-        ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
-
-        if (trace.ctx.slow) {
-            enum slow_path_reason slow;
+        format_odp_actions(ds, trace.xout.odp_actions.data,
+                           trace.xout.odp_actions.size);
 
+        if (trace.xout.slow) {
             ds_put_cstr(ds, "\nThis flow is handled by the userspace "
                         "slow path because it:");
-            for (slow = trace.ctx.slow; slow; ) {
-                enum slow_path_reason bit = rightmost_1bit(slow);
-
-                switch (bit) {
-                case SLOW_CFM:
-                    ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Consists of CFM packets.");
-                    break;
-                case SLOW_LACP:
-                    ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Consists of LACP packets.");
-                    break;
-                case SLOW_STP:
-                    ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Consists of STP packets.");
-                    break;
-                case SLOW_IN_BAND:
-                    ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Needs in-band special case "
-                                "processing.");
-                    if (!packet) {
-                        ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t  (The datapath actions are "
-                                    "incomplete--for complete actions, "
-                                    "please supply a packet.)");
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case SLOW_CONTROLLER:
-                    ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Sends \"packet-in\" messages "
-                                "to the OpenFlow controller.");
-                    break;
-                case SLOW_MATCH:
-                    ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Needs more specific matching "
-                                "than the datapath supports.");
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                slow &= ~bit;
-            }
-
-            if (slow & ~SLOW_MATCH) {
-                ds_put_cstr(ds, "\nThe datapath actions above do not reflect "
-                            "the special slow-path processing.");
+            switch (trace.xout.slow) {
+            case SLOW_CFM:
+                ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Consists of CFM packets.");
+                break;
+            case SLOW_LACP:
+                ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Consists of LACP packets.");
+                break;
+            case SLOW_STP:
+                ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Consists of STP packets.");
+                break;
+            case SLOW_BFD:
+                ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Consists of BFD packets.");
+                break;
+            case SLOW_CONTROLLER:
+                ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Sends \"packet-in\" messages "
+                            "to the OpenFlow controller.");
+                break;
+            case __SLOW_MAX:
+                NOT_REACHED();
             }
         }
+
+        xlate_out_uninit(&trace.xout);
     }
 }
 
@@ -7429,7 +8207,7 @@ ofproto_dpif_self_check__(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, struct ds *reply)
         }
     }
     if (errors) {
-        ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_INCONSISTENCY;
+        ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_INCONSISTENCY;
     }
 
     if (errors) {
@@ -7508,21 +8286,42 @@ ofproto_unixctl_dpif_dump_dps(struct unixctl_conn *conn, int argc OVS_UNUSED,
 static void
 show_dp_format(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, struct ds *ds)
 {
-    struct dpif_dp_stats s;
     const struct shash_node **ports;
     int i;
+    struct avg_subfacet_rates lifetime;
+    unsigned long long int minutes;
+    const int min_ms = 60 * 1000; /* milliseconds in one minute. */
 
-    dpif_get_dp_stats(ofproto->backer->dpif, &s);
+    minutes = (time_msec() - ofproto->created) / min_ms;
+
+    if (minutes > 0) {
+        lifetime.add_rate = (double)ofproto->total_subfacet_add_count
+                            / minutes;
+        lifetime.del_rate = (double)ofproto->total_subfacet_del_count
+                            / minutes;
+    }else {
+        lifetime.add_rate = 0.0;
+        lifetime.del_rate = 0.0;
+    }
 
     ds_put_format(ds, "%s (%s):\n", ofproto->up.name,
                   dpif_name(ofproto->backer->dpif));
-    /* xxx It would be better to show bridge-specific stats instead
-     * xxx of dp ones. */
     ds_put_format(ds,
-                  "\tlookups: hit:%"PRIu64" missed:%"PRIu64" lost:%"PRIu64"\n",
-                  s.n_hit, s.n_missed, s.n_lost);
-    ds_put_format(ds, "\tflows: %zu\n",
-                  hmap_count(&ofproto->subfacets));
+                  "\tlookups: hit:%"PRIu64" missed:%"PRIu64"\n",
+                  ofproto->n_hit, ofproto->n_missed);
+    ds_put_format(ds, "\tflows: cur: %zu, avg: %5.3f, max: %d,"
+                  " life span: %llu(ms)\n",
+                  hmap_count(&ofproto->subfacets),
+                  avg_subfacet_count(ofproto),
+                  ofproto->max_n_subfacet,
+                  avg_subfacet_life_span(ofproto));
+    if (minutes >= 60) {
+        show_dp_rates(ds, "\t\thourly avg:", &ofproto->hourly);
+    }
+    if (minutes >= 60 * 24) {
+        show_dp_rates(ds, "\t\tdaily avg:",  &ofproto->daily);
+    }
+    show_dp_rates(ds, "\t\toverall avg:",  &lifetime);
 
     ports = shash_sort(&ofproto->up.port_by_name);
     for (i = 0; i < shash_count(&ofproto->up.port_by_name); i++) {
@@ -7530,9 +8329,17 @@ show_dp_format(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, struct ds *ds)
         struct ofport *ofport = node->data;
         const char *name = netdev_get_name(ofport->netdev);
         const char *type = netdev_get_type(ofport->netdev);
+        uint32_t odp_port;
+
+        ds_put_format(ds, "\t%s %u/", name, ofport->ofp_port);
+
+        odp_port = ofp_port_to_odp_port(ofproto, ofport->ofp_port);
+        if (odp_port != OVSP_NONE) {
+            ds_put_format(ds, "%"PRIu32":", odp_port);
+        } else {
+            ds_put_cstr(ds, "none:");
+        }
 
-        ds_put_format(ds, "\t%s %u/%u:", name, ofport->ofp_port,
-                      ofp_port_to_odp_port(ofproto, ofport->ofp_port));
         if (strcmp(type, "system")) {
             struct netdev *netdev;
             int error;
@@ -7622,12 +8429,12 @@ ofproto_unixctl_dpif_dump_flows(struct unixctl_conn *conn,
         return;
     }
 
+    update_stats(ofproto->backer);
+
     HMAP_FOR_EACH (subfacet, hmap_node, &ofproto->subfacets) {
-        struct odputil_keybuf keybuf;
-        struct ofpbuf key;
+        struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
 
-        subfacet_get_key(subfacet, &keybuf, &key);
-        odp_flow_key_format(key.data, key.size, &ds);
+        odp_flow_key_format(subfacet->key, subfacet->key_len, &ds);
 
         ds_put_format(&ds, ", packets:%"PRIu64", bytes:%"PRIu64", used:",
                       subfacet->dp_packet_count, subfacet->dp_byte_count);
@@ -7643,7 +8450,19 @@ ofproto_unixctl_dpif_dump_flows(struct unixctl_conn *conn,
         }
 
         ds_put_cstr(&ds, ", actions:");
-        format_odp_actions(&ds, subfacet->actions, subfacet->actions_len);
+        if (facet->xout.slow) {
+            uint64_t slow_path_stub[128 / 8];
+            const struct nlattr *actions;
+            size_t actions_len;
+
+            compose_slow_path(ofproto, &facet->flow, facet->xout.slow,
+                              slow_path_stub, sizeof slow_path_stub,
+                              &actions, &actions_len);
+            format_odp_actions(&ds, actions, actions_len);
+        } else {
+            format_odp_actions(&ds, facet->xout.odp_actions.data,
+                               facet->xout.odp_actions.size);
+        }
         ds_put_char(&ds, '\n');
     }
 
@@ -7682,8 +8501,8 @@ ofproto_dpif_unixctl_init(void)
 
     unixctl_command_register(
         "ofproto/trace",
-        "bridge {priority tun_id in_port mark packet | odp_flow [-generate]}",
-        2, 6, ofproto_unixctl_trace, NULL);
+        "[dp_name]|bridge odp_flow|br_flow [-generate|packet]",
+        1, 3, ofproto_unixctl_trace, NULL);
     unixctl_command_register("fdb/flush", "[bridge]", 0, 1,
                              ofproto_unixctl_fdb_flush, NULL);
     unixctl_command_register("fdb/show", "bridge", 1, 1,
@@ -7722,7 +8541,7 @@ set_realdev(struct ofport *ofport_, uint16_t realdev_ofp_port, int vid)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    ofproto->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+    ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
 
     if (ofport->realdev_ofp_port) {
         vsp_remove(ofport);
@@ -7749,33 +8568,31 @@ hash_realdev_vid(uint16_t realdev_ofp_port, int vid)
     return hash_2words(realdev_ofp_port, vid);
 }
 
-/* Returns the ODP port number of the Linux VLAN device that corresponds to
- * 'vlan_tci' on the network device with port number 'realdev_odp_port' in
- * 'ofproto'.  For example, given 'realdev_odp_port' of eth0 and 'vlan_tci' 9,
- * it would return the port number of eth0.9.
+/* Returns the OFP port number of the Linux VLAN device that corresponds to
+ * 'vlan_tci' on the network device with port number 'realdev_ofp_port' in
+ * 'struct ofport_dpif'.  For example, given 'realdev_ofp_port' of eth0 and
+ * 'vlan_tci' 9, it would return the port number of eth0.9.
  *
- * Unless VLAN splinters are enabled for port 'realdev_odp_port', this
- * function just returns its 'realdev_odp_port' argument. */
-static uint32_t
+ * Unless VLAN splinters are enabled for port 'realdev_ofp_port', this
+ * function just returns its 'realdev_ofp_port' argument. */
+static uint16_t
 vsp_realdev_to_vlandev(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
-                       uint32_t realdev_odp_port, ovs_be16 vlan_tci)
+                       uint16_t realdev_ofp_port, ovs_be16 vlan_tci)
 {
     if (!hmap_is_empty(&ofproto->realdev_vid_map)) {
-        uint16_t realdev_ofp_port;
         int vid = vlan_tci_to_vid(vlan_tci);
         const struct vlan_splinter *vsp;
 
-        realdev_ofp_port = odp_port_to_ofp_port(ofproto, realdev_odp_port);
         HMAP_FOR_EACH_WITH_HASH (vsp, realdev_vid_node,
                                  hash_realdev_vid(realdev_ofp_port, vid),
                                  &ofproto->realdev_vid_map) {
             if (vsp->realdev_ofp_port == realdev_ofp_port
                 && vsp->vid == vid) {
-                return ofp_port_to_odp_port(ofproto, vsp->vlandev_ofp_port);
+                return vsp->vlandev_ofp_port;
             }
         }
     }
-    return realdev_odp_port;
+    return realdev_ofp_port;
 }
 
 static struct vlan_splinter *
@@ -7922,6 +8739,79 @@ odp_port_to_ofp_port(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, uint32_t odp_port)
         return OFPP_NONE;
     }
 }
+static unsigned long long int
+avg_subfacet_life_span(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto)
+{
+    unsigned long long int dc;
+    unsigned long long int avg;
+
+    dc = ofproto->total_subfacet_del_count + ofproto->subfacet_del_count;
+    avg = dc ? ofproto->total_subfacet_life_span / dc : 0;
+
+    return avg;
+}
+
+static double
+avg_subfacet_count(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto)
+{
+    double avg_c = 0.0;
+
+    if (ofproto->n_update_stats) {
+        avg_c = (double)ofproto->total_subfacet_count
+                / ofproto->n_update_stats;
+    }
+
+    return avg_c;
+}
+
+static void
+show_dp_rates(struct ds *ds, const char *heading,
+              const struct avg_subfacet_rates *rates)
+{
+    ds_put_format(ds, "%s add rate: %5.3f/min, del rate: %5.3f/min\n",
+                  heading, rates->add_rate, rates->del_rate);
+}
+
+static void
+update_max_subfacet_count(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto)
+{
+    ofproto->max_n_subfacet = MAX(ofproto->max_n_subfacet,
+                                  hmap_count(&ofproto->subfacets));
+}
+
+/* Compute exponentially weighted moving average, adding 'new' as the newest,
+ * most heavily weighted element.  'base' designates the rate of decay: after
+ * 'base' further updates, 'new''s weight in the EWMA decays to about 1/e
+ * (about .37). */
+static void
+exp_mavg(double *avg, int base, double new)
+{
+    *avg = (*avg * (base - 1) + new) / base;
+}
+
+static void
+update_moving_averages(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto)
+{
+    const int min_ms = 60 * 1000; /* milliseconds in one minute. */
+
+    /* Update hourly averages on the minute boundaries. */
+    if (time_msec() - ofproto->last_minute >= min_ms) {
+        exp_mavg(&ofproto->hourly.add_rate, 60, ofproto->subfacet_add_count);
+        exp_mavg(&ofproto->hourly.del_rate, 60, ofproto->subfacet_del_count);
+
+        /* Update daily averages on the hour boundaries. */
+        if ((ofproto->last_minute - ofproto->created) / min_ms % 60 == 59) {
+            exp_mavg(&ofproto->daily.add_rate, 24, ofproto->hourly.add_rate);
+            exp_mavg(&ofproto->daily.del_rate, 24, ofproto->hourly.del_rate);
+        }
+
+        ofproto->total_subfacet_add_count += ofproto->subfacet_add_count;
+        ofproto->total_subfacet_del_count += ofproto->subfacet_del_count;
+        ofproto->subfacet_add_count = 0;
+        ofproto->subfacet_del_count = 0;
+        ofproto->last_minute += min_ms;
+    }
+}
 
 const struct ofproto_class ofproto_dpif_class = {
     init,
@@ -7972,11 +8862,11 @@ const struct ofproto_class ofproto_dpif_class = {
     set_netflow,
     get_netflow_ids,
     set_sflow,
+    set_ipfix,
     set_cfm,
-    get_cfm_fault,
-    get_cfm_opup,
-    get_cfm_remote_mpids,
-    get_cfm_health,
+    get_cfm_status,
+    set_bfd,
+    get_bfd_status,
     set_stp,
     get_stp_status,
     set_stp_port,