'planetlab-4_0-branch'.
+++ /dev/null
-# Generated config based on /tmp/iproute2-2.6.11/include
+++ /dev/null
-DESTDIR=
-SBINDIR=/usr/sbin
-CONFDIR=/etc/iproute2
-DOCDIR=/usr/share/doc/iproute2
-MANDIR=/usr/share/man
-
-# Path to db_185.h include
-DBM_INCLUDE:=/usr/include
-
-DEFINES= -DRESOLVE_HOSTNAMES
-
-#options if you have a bind>=4.9.4 libresolv (or, maybe, glibc)
-LDLIBS=-lresolv
-ADDLIB=
-
-#options for decnet
-ADDLIB+=dnet_ntop.o dnet_pton.o
-
-#options for ipx
-ADDLIB+=ipx_ntop.o ipx_pton.o
-
-CC = gcc
-HOSTCC = gcc
-CCOPTS = -D_GNU_SOURCE -O2 -Wstrict-prototypes -Wall
-CFLAGS = $(CCOPTS) -I../include $(DEFINES)
-
-LDLIBS += -L../lib -lnetlink -lutil
-
-SUBDIRS=lib ip tc misc netem
-
-LIBNETLINK=../lib/libnetlink.a ../lib/libutil.a
-
-all: Config
- @for i in $(SUBDIRS); \
- do $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) -C $$i; done
-
-Config:
- ./configure $(KERNEL_INCLUDE)
-
-install: all
- install -m 0755 -d $(DESTDIR)$(SBINDIR)
- install -m 0755 -d $(DESTDIR)$(CONFDIR)
- install -m 0755 -d $(DESTDIR)$(DOCDIR)/examples
- install -m 0755 -d $(DESTDIR)$(DOCDIR)/examples/diffserv
- install -m 0644 README.iproute2+tc $(shell find examples -maxdepth 1 -type f) \
- $(DESTDIR)$(DOCDIR)/examples
- install -m 0644 $(shell find examples/diffserv -maxdepth 1 -type f) \
- $(DESTDIR)$(DOCDIR)/examples/diffserv
- @for i in $(SUBDIRS) doc; do $(MAKE) -C $$i install; done
- install -m 0644 $(shell find etc/iproute2 -maxdepth 1 -type f) $(DESTDIR)$(CONFDIR)
- install -m 0755 -d $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man8
- install -m 0644 $(shell find man/man8 -maxdepth 1 -type f) $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man8
- ln -sf $(MANDIR)/man8/tc-pbfifo.8 $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man8/tc-bfifo.8
- ln -sf $(MANDIR)/man8/tc-pbfifo.8 $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man8/tc-pfifo.8
- install -m 0755 -d $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man3
- install -m 0644 $(shell find man/man3 -maxdepth 1 -type f) $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man3
-
-clean:
- @for i in $(SUBDIRS) doc; \
- do $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) -C $$i clean; done
-
-clobber: clean
- rm -f Config
-
-distclean: clean clobber
-
-.EXPORT_ALL_VARIABLES:
+++ /dev/null
-0x10 lowdelay
-0x08 throughput
-0x04 reliability
-# This value overlap with ECT, do not use it!
-0x02 mincost
-# These values seems do not want to die, Cisco likes them by a strange reason.
-0x20 priority
-0x40 immediate
-0x60 flash
-0x80 flash-override
-0xa0 critical
-0xc0 internet
-0xe0 network
+++ /dev/null
-#
-# Reserved protocols.
-#
-0 unspec
-1 redirect
-2 kernel
-3 boot
-4 static
-8 gated
-9 ra
-10 mrt
-11 zebra
-12 bird
-#
-# Used by me for gated
-#
-254 gated/aggr
-253 gated/bgp
-252 gated/ospf
-251 gated/ospfase
-250 gated/rip
-249 gated/static
-248 gated/conn
-247 gated/inet
-246 gated/default
+++ /dev/null
-#
-# reserved values
-#
-0 cosmos
-#
-# local
-#
-#1 inr.ac
-#2 inr.ruhep
-#3 freenet
-#4 radio-msu
-#5 russia
-#6 internet
+++ /dev/null
-#
-# reserved values
-#
-0 global
-255 nowhere
-254 host
-253 link
-#
-# pseudo-reserved
-#
-200 site
+++ /dev/null
-#
-# reserved values
-#
-255 local
-254 main
-253 default
-0 unspec
-#
-# local
-#
-#1 inr.ruhep
+++ /dev/null
-#ifndef _TCP_DIAG_H_
-#define _TCP_DIAG_H_ 1
-
-/* Just some random number */
-#define TCPDIAG_GETSOCK 18
-
-/* Socket identity */
-struct tcpdiag_sockid
-{
- __u16 tcpdiag_sport;
- __u16 tcpdiag_dport;
- __u32 tcpdiag_src[4];
- __u32 tcpdiag_dst[4];
- __u32 tcpdiag_if;
- __u32 tcpdiag_cookie[2];
-#define TCPDIAG_NOCOOKIE (~0U)
-};
-
-/* Request structure */
-
-struct tcpdiagreq
-{
- __u8 tcpdiag_family; /* Family of addresses. */
- __u8 tcpdiag_src_len;
- __u8 tcpdiag_dst_len;
- __u8 tcpdiag_ext; /* Query extended information */
-
- struct tcpdiag_sockid id;
-
- __u32 tcpdiag_states; /* States to dump */
- __u32 tcpdiag_dbs; /* Tables to dump (NI) */
-};
-
-enum
-{
- TCPDIAG_REQ_NONE,
- TCPDIAG_REQ_BYTECODE,
-};
-
-#define TCPDIAG_REQ_MAX TCPDIAG_REQ_BYTECODE
-
-/* Bytecode is sequence of 4 byte commands followed by variable arguments.
- * All the commands identified by "code" are conditional jumps forward:
- * to offset cc+"yes" or to offset cc+"no". "yes" is supposed to be
- * length of the command and its arguments.
- */
-
-struct tcpdiag_bc_op
-{
- unsigned char code;
- unsigned char yes;
- unsigned short no;
-};
-
-enum
-{
- TCPDIAG_BC_NOP,
- TCPDIAG_BC_JMP,
- TCPDIAG_BC_S_GE,
- TCPDIAG_BC_S_LE,
- TCPDIAG_BC_D_GE,
- TCPDIAG_BC_D_LE,
- TCPDIAG_BC_AUTO,
- TCPDIAG_BC_S_COND,
- TCPDIAG_BC_D_COND,
-};
-
-struct tcpdiag_hostcond
-{
- __u8 family;
- __u8 prefix_len;
- int port;
- __u32 addr[0];
-};
-
-/* Base info structure. It contains socket identity (addrs/ports/cookie)
- * and, alas, the information shown by netstat. */
-struct tcpdiagmsg
-{
- __u8 tcpdiag_family;
- __u8 tcpdiag_state;
- __u8 tcpdiag_timer;
- __u8 tcpdiag_retrans;
-
- struct tcpdiag_sockid id;
-
- __u32 tcpdiag_expires;
- __u32 tcpdiag_rqueue;
- __u32 tcpdiag_wqueue;
- __u32 tcpdiag_uid;
- __u32 tcpdiag_inode;
-};
-
-/* Extensions */
-
-enum
-{
- TCPDIAG_NONE,
- TCPDIAG_MEMINFO,
- TCPDIAG_INFO,
- TCPDIAG_VEGASINFO,
-};
-
-#define TCPDIAG_MAX TCPDIAG_VEGASINFO
-
-
-/* TCPDIAG_MEM */
-
-struct tcpdiag_meminfo
-{
- __u32 tcpdiag_rmem;
- __u32 tcpdiag_wmem;
- __u32 tcpdiag_fmem;
- __u32 tcpdiag_tmem;
-};
-
-/* TCPDIAG_VEGASINFO */
-
-struct tcpvegas_info {
- __u32 tcpv_enabled;
- __u32 tcpv_rttcnt;
- __u32 tcpv_rtt;
- __u32 tcpv_minrtt;
-};
-
-
-#endif /* _TCP_DIAG_H_ */
--- /dev/null
+.TH IP 8 "17 January 2002" "iproute2" "Linux"
+.SH NAME
+ip \- show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+.ad l
+.in +8
+.ti -8
+.B ip
+.RI "[ " OPTIONS " ] " OBJECT " { " COMMAND " | "
+.BR help " }"
+.sp
+
+.ti -8
+.IR OBJECT " := { "
+.BR link " | " addr " | " route " | " rule " | " neigh " | " tunnel " | "\
+maddr " | " mroute " | " monitor " }"
+.sp
+
+.ti -8
+.IR OPTIONS " := { "
+\fB\-V\fR[\fIersion\fR] |
+\fB\-s\fR[\fItatistics\fR] |
+\fB\-r\fR[\fIesolve\fR] |
+\fB\-f\fR[\fIamily\fR] {
+.BR inet " | " inet6 " | " ipx " | " dnet " | " link " } | "
+\fB\-o\fR[\fIneline\fR] }
+
+.ti -8
+.BI "ip link set " DEVICE
+.RB "{ " up " | " down " | " arp " { " on " | " off " } |"
+.br
+.BR promisc " { " on " | " off " } |"
+.br
+.BR allmulti " { " on " | " off " } |"
+.br
+.BR dynamic " { " on " | " off " } |"
+.br
+.BR multicast " { " on " | " off " } |"
+.br
+.B txqueuelen
+.IR PACKETS " |"
+.br
+.B name
+.IR NEWNAME " |"
+.br
+.B address
+.IR LLADDR " |"
+.B broadcast
+.IR LLADDR " |"
+.br
+.B mtu
+.IR MTU " }"
+
+.ti -8
+.B ip link show
+.RI "[ " DEVICE " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.BR "ip addr" " { " add " | " del " } "
+.IB IFADDR " dev " STRING
+
+.ti -8
+.BR "ip addr" " { " show " | " flush " } [ " dev
+.IR STRING " ] [ "
+.B scope
+.IR SCOPE-ID " ] [ "
+.B to
+.IR PREFIX " ] [ " FLAG-LIST " ] [ "
+.B label
+.IR PATTERN " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR IFADDR " := " PREFIX " | " ADDR
+.B peer
+.IR PREFIX " [ "
+.B broadcast
+.IR ADDR " ] [ "
+.B anycast
+.IR ADDR " ] [ "
+.B label
+.IR STRING " ] [ "
+.B scope
+.IR SCOPE-ID " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR SCOPE-ID " := "
+.RB "[ " host " | " link " | " global " | "
+.IR NUMBER " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR FLAG-LIST " := [ " FLAG-LIST " ] " FLAG
+
+.ti -8
+.IR FLAG " := "
+.RB "[ " permanent " | " dynamic " | " secondary " | " primary " | "\
+tentative " | " deprecated " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.BR "ip route" " { "
+.BR list " | " flush " } "
+.I SELECTOR
+
+.ti -8
+.B ip route get
+.IR ADDRESS " [ "
+.BI from " ADDRESS " iif " STRING"
+.RB " ] [ " oif
+.IR STRING " ] [ "
+.B tos
+.IR TOS " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.BR "ip route" " { " add " | " del " | " change " | " append " | "\
+replace " | " monitor " } "
+.I ROUTE
+
+.ti -8
+.IR SELECTOR " := "
+.RB "[ " root
+.IR PREFIX " ] [ "
+.B match
+.IR PREFIX " ] [ "
+.B exact
+.IR PREFIX " ] [ "
+.B table
+.IR TABLE_ID " ] [ "
+.B proto
+.IR RTPROTO " ] [ "
+.B type
+.IR TYPE " ] [ "
+.B scope
+.IR SCOPE " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR ROUTE " := " NODE_SPEC " [ " INFO_SPEC " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR NODE_SPEC " := [ " TYPE " ] " PREFIX " ["
+.B tos
+.IR TOS " ] [ "
+.B table
+.IR TABLE_ID " ] [ "
+.B proto
+.IR RTPROTO " ] [ "
+.B scope
+.IR SCOPE " ] [ "
+.B metric
+.IR METRIC " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR INFO_SPEC " := " "NH OPTIONS FLAGS" " ["
+.B nexthop
+.IR NH " ] ..."
+
+.ti -8
+.IR NH " := [ "
+.B via
+.IR ADDRESS " ] [ "
+.B dev
+.IR STRING " ] [ "
+.B weight
+.IR NUMBER " ] " NHFLAGS
+
+.ti -8
+.IR OPTIONS " := " FLAGS " [ "
+.B mtu
+.IR NUMBER " ] [ "
+.B advmss
+.IR NUMBER " ] [ "
+.B rtt
+.IR NUMBER " ] [ "
+.B rttvar
+.IR NUMBER " ] [ "
+.B window
+.IR NUMBER " ] [ "
+.B cwnd
+.IR NUMBER " ] [ "
+.B ssthresh
+.IR REALM " ] [ "
+.B realms
+.IR REALM " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR TYPE " := [ "
+.BR unicast " | " local " | " broadcast " | " multicast " | "\
+throw " | " unreachable " | " prohibit " | " blackhole " | " nat " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR TABLE_ID " := [ "
+.BR local "| " main " | " default " | " all " |"
+.IR NUMBER " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR SCOPE " := [ "
+.BR host " | " link " | " global " |"
+.IR NUMBER " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR FLAGS " := [ "
+.BR equalize " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR NHFLAGS " := [ "
+.BR onlink " | " pervasive " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR RTPROTO " := [ "
+.BR kernel " | " boot " | " static " |"
+.IR NUMBER " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.B ip rule
+.RB " [ " list " | " add " | " del " ]"
+.I SELECTOR ACTION
+
+.ti -8
+.IR SELECTOR " := [ "
+.B from
+.IR PREFIX " ] [ "
+.B to
+.IR PREFIX " ] [ "
+.B tos
+.IR TOS " ] [ "
+.B fwmark
+.IR FWMARK " ] [ "
+.B dev
+.IR STRING " ] [ "
+.B pref
+.IR NUMBER " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR ACTION " := [ "
+.B table
+.IR TABLE_ID " ] [ "
+.B nat
+.IR ADDRESS " ] [ "
+.BR prohibit " | " reject " | " unreachable " ] [ " realms
+.RI "[" SRCREALM "/]" DSTREALM " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR TABLE_ID " := [ "
+.BR local " | " main " | " default " |"
+.IR NUMBER " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.BR "ip neigh" " { " add " | " del " | " change " | " replace " } { "
+.IR ADDR " [ "
+.B lladdr
+.IR LLADDR " ] [ "
+.BR nud " { " permanent " | " noarp " | " stale " | " reachable " } ] | " proxy
+.IR ADDR " } [ "
+.B dev
+.IR DEV " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.BR "ip neigh" " { " show " | " flush " } [ " to
+.IR PREFIX " ] [ "
+.B dev
+.IR DEV " ] [ "
+.B nud
+.IR STATE " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.BR "ip tunnel" " { " add " | " change " | " del " | " show " }"
+.RI "[ " NAME " ]"
+.br
+.RB "[ " mode " { " ipip " | " gre " | " sit " } ]"
+.br
+.RB "[ " remote
+.IR ADDR " ] [ "
+.B local
+.IR ADDR " ]"
+.br
+.RB "[ [" i "|" o "]" seq " ] [ [" i "|" o "]" key
+.IR KEY " ] [ "
+.RB "[" i "|" o "]" csum " ] ]"
+.br
+.RB "[ " ttl
+.IR TTL " ] [ "
+.B tos
+.IR TOS " ] [ "
+.RB "[" no "]" pmtudisc " ]"
+.br
+.RB "[ " dev
+.IR PHYS_DEV " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR ADDR " := { " IP_ADDRESS " |"
+.BR any " }"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR TOS " := { " NUMBER " |"
+.BR inherit " }"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR TTL " := { " 1 ".." 255 " | "
+.BR inherit " }"
+
+.ti -8
+.IR KEY " := { " DOTTED_QUAD " | " NUMBER " }"
+
+.ti -8
+.BR "ip maddr" " [ " add " | " del " ]"
+.IB MULTIADDR " dev " STRING
+
+.ti -8
+.BR "ip maddr show" " [ " dev
+.IR STRING " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.BR "ip mroute show" " ["
+.IR PREFIX " ] [ "
+.B from
+.IR PREFIX " ] [ "
+.B iif
+.IR DEVICE " ]"
+
+.ti -8
+.BR "ip monitor" " [ " all " |"
+.IR LISTofOBJECTS " ]"
+.in -8
+.ad b
+
+.SH OPTIONS
+
+.TP
+.BR "\-V" , " -Version"
+print the version of the
+.B ip
+utility and exit.
+
+.TP
+.BR "\-s" , " \-stats", " \-statistics"
+output more information. If the option
+appears twice or more, the amount of information increases.
+As a rule, the information is statistics or some time values.
+
+.TP
+.BR "\-f" , " \-family"
+followed by protocol family identifier:
+.BR "inet" , " inet6"
+or
+.B link
+,enforce the protocol family to use. If the option is not present,
+the protocol family is guessed from other arguments. If the rest
+of the command line does not give enough information to guess the
+family,
+.B ip
+falls back to the default one, usually
+.B inet
+or
+.BR "any" .
+.B link
+is a special family identifier meaning that no networking protocol
+is involved.
+
+.TP
+.B \-4
+shortcut for
+.BR "-family inet" .
+
+.TP
+.B \-6
+shortcut for
+.BR "\-family inet6" .
+
+.TP
+.B \-0
+shortcut for
+.BR "\-family link" .
+
+.TP
+.BR "\-o" , " \-oneline"
+output each record on a single line, replacing line feeds
+with the
+.B '\'
+character. This is convenient when you want to count records
+with
+.BR wc (1)
+ or to
+.BR grep (1)
+the output.
+
+.TP
+.BR "\-r" , " \-resolve"
+use the system's name resolver to print DNS names instead of
+host addresses.
+
+.SH IP - COMMAND SYNTAX
+
+.SS
+.I OBJECT
+
+.TP
+.B link
+- network device.
+
+.TP
+.B address
+- protocol (IP or IPv6) address on a device.
+.TP
+.B neighbour
+- ARP or NDISC cache entry.
+
+.TP
+.B route
+- routing table entry.
+
+.TP
+.B rule
+- rule in routing policy database.
+
+.TP
+.B maddress
+- multicast address.
+
+.TP
+.B mroute
+- multicast routing cache entry.
+
+.TP
+.B tunnel
+- tunnel over IP.
+
+.PP
+The names of all objects may be written in full or
+abbreviated form, f.e.
+.B address
+is abbreviated as
+.B addr
+or just
+.B a.
+
+.SS
+.I COMMAND
+
+Specifies the action to perform on the object.
+The set of possible actions depends on the object type.
+As a rule, it is possible to
+.BR "add" , " delete"
+and
+.B show
+(or
+.B list
+) objects, but some objects do not allow all of these operations
+or have some additional commands. The
+.B help
+command is available for all objects. It prints
+out a list of available commands and argument syntax conventions.
+.sp
+If no command is given, some default command is assumed.
+Usually it is
+.B list
+or, if the objects of this class cannot be listed,
+.BR "help" .
+
+.SH ip link - network device configuration
+
+.B link
+is a network device and the corresponding commands
+display and change the state of devices.
+
+.SS ip link set - change device attributes
+
+.TP
+.BI dev " NAME " (default)
+.I NAME
+specifies network device to operate on.
+
+.TP
+.BR up " and " down
+change the state of the device to
+.B UP
+or
+.BR "DOWN" .
+
+.TP
+.BR "arp on " or " arp off"
+change the
+.B NOARP
+flag on the device.
+
+.TP
+.BR "multicast on " or " multicast off"
+change the
+.B MULTICAST
+flag on the device.
+
+.TP
+.BR "dynamic on " or " dynamic off"
+change the
+.B DYNAMIC
+flag on the device.
+
+.TP
+.BI name " NAME"
+change the name of the device. This operation is not
+recommended if the device is running or has some addresses
+already configured.
+
+.TP
+.BI txqueuelen " NUMBER"
+.TP
+.BI txqlen " NUMBER"
+change the transmit queue length of the device.
+
+.TP
+.BI mtu " NUMBER"
+change the
+.I MTU
+of the device.
+
+.TP
+.BI address " LLADDRESS"
+change the station address of the interface.
+
+.TP
+.BI broadcast " LLADDRESS"
+.TP
+.BI brd " LLADDRESS"
+.TP
+.BI peer " LLADDRESS"
+change the link layer broadcast address or the peer address when
+the interface is
+.IR "POINTOPOINT" .
+
+.PP
+.B Warning:
+If multiple parameter changes are requested,
+.B ip
+aborts immediately after any of the changes have failed.
+This is the only case when
+.B ip
+can move the system to an unpredictable state. The solution
+is to avoid changing several parameters with one
+.B ip link set
+call.
+
+.SS ip link show - display device attributes
+
+.TP
+.BI dev " NAME " (default)
+.I NAME
+specifies the network device to show.
+If this argument is omitted all devices are listed.
+
+.TP
+.B up
+only display running interfaces.
+
+.SH ip address - protocol address management.
+
+The
+.B address
+is a protocol (IP or IPv6) address attached
+to a network device. Each device must have at least one address
+to use the corresponding protocol. It is possible to have several
+different addresses attached to one device. These addresses are not
+discriminated, so that the term
+.B alias
+is not quite appropriate for them and we do not use it in this document.
+.sp
+The
+.B ip addr
+command displays addresses and their properties, adds new addresses
+and deletes old ones.
+
+.SS ip address add - add new protocol address.
+
+.TP
+.BI dev " NAME"
+the name of the device to add the address to.
+
+.TP
+.BI local " ADDRESS " (default)
+the address of the interface. The format of the address depends
+on the protocol. It is a dotted quad for IP and a sequence of
+hexadecimal halfwords separated by colons for IPv6. The
+.I ADDRESS
+may be followed by a slash and a decimal number which encodes
+the network prefix length.
+
+.TP
+.BI peer " ADDRESS"
+the address of the remote endpoint for pointopoint interfaces.
+Again, the
+.I ADDRESS
+may be followed by a slash and a decimal number, encoding the network
+prefix length. If a peer address is specified, the local address
+cannot have a prefix length. The network prefix is associated
+with the peer rather than with the local address.
+
+.TP
+.BI broadcast " ADDRESS"
+the broadcast address on the interface.
+.sp
+It is possible to use the special symbols
+.B '+'
+and
+.B '-'
+instead of the broadcast address. In this case, the broadcast address
+is derived by setting/resetting the host bits of the interface prefix.
+
+.TP
+.BI label " NAME"
+Each address may be tagged with a label string.
+In order to preserve compatibility with Linux-2.0 net aliases,
+this string must coincide with the name of the device or must be prefixed
+with the device name followed by colon.
+
+.TP
+.BI scope " SCOPE_VALUE"
+the scope of the area where this address is valid.
+The available scopes are listed in file
+.BR "/etc/iproute2/rt_scopes" .
+Predefined scope values are:
+
+.in +8
+.B global
+- the address is globally valid.
+.sp
+.B site
+- (IPv6 only) the address is site local, i.e. it is
+valid inside this site.
+.sp
+.B link
+- the address is link local, i.e. it is valid only on this device.
+.sp
+.B host
+- the address is valid only inside this host.
+.in -8
+
+.SS ip address delete - delete protocol address
+.B Arguments:
+coincide with the arguments of
+.B ip addr add.
+The device name is a required argument. The rest are optional.
+If no arguments are given, the first address is deleted.
+
+.SS ip address show - look at protocol addresses
+
+.TP
+.BI dev " NAME " (default)
+name of device.
+
+.TP
+.BI scope " SCOPE_VAL"
+only list addresses with this scope.
+
+.TP
+.BI to " PREFIX"
+only list addresses matching this prefix.
+
+.TP
+.BI label " PATTERN"
+only list addresses with labels matching the
+.IR "PATTERN" .
+.I PATTERN
+is a usual shell style pattern.
+
+.TP
+.BR dynamic " and " permanent
+(IPv6 only) only list addresses installed due to stateless
+address configuration or only list permanent (not dynamic)
+addresses.
+
+.TP
+.B tentative
+(IPv6 only) only list addresses which did not pass duplicate
+address detection.
+
+.TP
+.B deprecated
+(IPv6 only) only list deprecated addresses.
+
+.TP
+.BR primary " and " secondary
+only list primary (or secondary) addresses.
+
+.SS ip address flush - flush protocol addresses
+This command flushes the protocol addresses selected by some criteria.
+
+.PP
+This command has the same arguments as
+.B show.
+The difference is that it does not run when no arguments are given.
+
+.PP
+.B Warning:
+This command (and other
+.B flush
+commands described below) is pretty dangerous. If you make a mistake,
+it will not forgive it, but will cruelly purge all the addresses.
+
+.PP
+With the
+.B -statistics
+option, the command becomes verbose. It prints out the number of deleted
+addresses and the number of rounds made to flush the address list. If
+this option is given twice,
+.B ip addr flush
+also dumps all the deleted addresses in the format described in the
+previous subsection.
+
+.SH ip neighbour - neighbour/arp tables management.
+
+.B neighbour
+objects establish bindings between protocol addresses and
+link layer addresses for hosts sharing the same link.
+Neighbour entries are organized into tables. The IPv4 neighbour table
+is known by another name - the ARP table.
+
+.P
+The corresponding commands display neighbour bindings
+and their properties, add new neighbour entries and delete old ones.
+
+.SS ip neighbour add - add a new neighbour entry
+.SS ip neighbour change - change an existing entry
+.SS ip neighbour replace - add a new entry or change an existing one
+
+These commands create new neighbour records or update existing ones.
+
+.TP
+.BI to " ADDRESS " (default)
+the protocol address of the neighbour. It is either an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+
+.TP
+.BI dev " NAME"
+the interface to which this neighbour is attached.
+
+.TP
+.BI lladdr " LLADDRESS"
+the link layer address of the neighbour.
+.I LLADDRESS
+can also be
+.BR "null" .
+
+.TP
+.BI nud " NUD_STATE"
+the state of the neighbour entry.
+.B nud
+is an abbreviation for 'Neigh bour Unreachability Detection'.
+The state can take one of the following values:
+
+.in +8
+.B permanent
+- the neighbour entry is valid forever and can be only
+be removed administratively.
+.sp
+
+.B noarp
+- the neighbour entry is valid. No attempts to validate
+this entry will be made but it can be removed when its lifetime expires.
+.sp
+
+.B reachable
+- the neighbour entry is valid until the reachability
+timeout expires.
+.sp
+
+.B stale
+- the neighbour entry is valid but suspicious.
+This option to
+.B ip neigh
+does not change the neighbour state if it was valid and the address
+is not changed by this command.
+.in -8
+
+.SS ip neighbour delete - delete a neighbour entry
+This command invalidates a neighbour entry.
+
+.PP
+The arguments are the same as with
+.BR "ip neigh add" ,
+except that
+.B lladdr
+and
+.B nud
+are ignored.
+
+.PP
+.B Warning:
+Attempts to delete or manually change a
+.B noarp
+entry created by the kernel may result in unpredictable behaviour.
+Particularly, the kernel may try to resolve this address even
+on a
+.B NOARP
+interface or if the address is multicast or broadcast.
+
+.SS ip neighbour show - list neighbour entries
+
+This commands displays neighbour tables.
+
+.TP
+.BI to " ADDRESS " (default)
+the prefix selecting the neighbours to list.
+
+.TP
+.BI dev " NAME"
+only list the neighbours attached to this device.
+
+.TP
+.B unused
+only list neighbours which are not currently in use.
+
+.TP
+.BI nud " NUD_STATE"
+only list neighbour entries in this state.
+.I NUD_STATE
+takes values listed below or the special value
+.B all
+which means all states. This option may occur more than once.
+If this option is absent,
+.B ip
+lists all entries except for
+.B none
+and
+.BR "noarp" .
+
+.SS ip neighbour flush - flush neighbour entries
+This command flushes neighbour tables, selecting
+entries to flush by some criteria.
+
+.PP
+This command has the same arguments as
+.B show.
+The differences are that it does not run when no arguments are given,
+and that the default neighbour states to be flushed do not include
+.B permanent
+and
+.BR "noarp" .
+
+.PP
+With the
+.B -statistics
+option, the command becomes verbose. It prints out the number of
+deleted neighbours and the number of rounds made to flush the
+neighbour table. If the option is given
+twice,
+.B ip neigh flush
+also dumps all the deleted neighbours.
+
+.SH ip route - routing table management
+Manipulate route entries in the kernel routing tables keep
+information about paths to other networked nodes.
+.sp
+.B Route types:
+
+.in +8
+.B unicast
+- the route entry describes real paths to the destinations covered
+by the route prefix.
+
+.sp
+.B unreachable
+- these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the
+ICMP message
+.I host unreachable
+is generated.
+The local senders get an
+.I EHOSTUNREACH
+error.
+
+.sp
+.B blackhole
+- these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded silently.
+The local senders get an
+.I EINVAL
+error.
+
+.sp
+.B prohibit
+- these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the
+ICMP message
+.I communication administratively prohibited
+is generated. The local senders get an
+.I EACCES
+error.
+
+.sp
+.B local
+- the destinations are assigned to this host. The packets are looped
+back and delivered locally.
+
+.sp
+.B broadcast
+- the destinations are broadcast addresses. The packets are sent as
+link broadcasts.
+
+.sp
+.B throw
+- a special control route used together with policy rules. If such a
+route is selected, lookup in this table is terminated pretending that
+no route was found. Without policy routing it is equivalent to the
+absence of the route in the routing table. The packets are dropped
+and the ICMP message
+.I net unreachable
+is generated. The local senders get an
+.I ENETUNREACH
+error.
+
+.sp
+.B nat
+- a special NAT route. Destinations covered by the prefix
+are considered to be dummy (or external) addresses which require translation
+to real (or internal) ones before forwarding. The addresses to translate to
+are selected with the attribute
+.BR "via" .
+
+.sp
+.B anycast
+.RI "- " "not implemented"
+the destinations are
+.I anycast
+addresses assigned to this host. They are mainly equivalent
+to
+.B local
+with one difference: such addresses are invalid when used
+as the source address of any packet.
+
+.sp
+.B multicast
+- a special type used for multicast routing. It is not present in
+normal routing tables.
+.in -8
+
+.P
+.B Route tables:
+Linux-2.x can pack routes into several routing
+tables identified by a number in the range from 1 to 255 or by
+name from the file
+.B /etc/iproute2/rt_tables
+. By default all normal routes are inserted into the
+.B main
+table (ID 254) and the kernel only uses this table when calculating routes.
+
+.sp
+Actually, one other table always exists, which is invisible but
+even more important. It is the
+.B local
+table (ID 255). This table
+consists of routes for local and broadcast addresses. The kernel maintains
+this table automatically and the administrator usually need not modify it
+or even look at it.
+
+The multiple routing tables enter the game when
+.I policy routing
+is used.
+
+.SS ip route add - add new route
+.SS ip route change - change route
+.SS ip route replace - change or add new one
+
+.TP
+.BI to " TYPE PREFIX " (default)
+the destination prefix of the route. If
+.I TYPE
+is omitted,
+.B ip
+assumes type
+.BR "unicast" .
+Other values of
+.I TYPE
+are listed above.
+.I PREFIX
+is an IP or IPv6 address optionally followed by a slash and the
+prefix length. If the length of the prefix is missing,
+.B ip
+assumes a full-length host route. There is also a special
+.I PREFIX
+.B default
+- which is equivalent to IP
+.B 0/0
+or to IPv6
+.BR "::/0" .
+
+.TP
+.BI tos " TOS"
+.TP
+.BI dsfield " TOS"
+the Type Of Service (TOS) key. This key has no associated mask and
+the longest match is understood as: First, compare the TOS
+of the route and of the packet. If they are not equal, then the packet
+may still match a route with a zero TOS.
+.I TOS
+is either an 8 bit hexadecimal number or an identifier
+from
+.BR "/etc/iproute2/rt_dsfield" .
+
+.TP
+.BI metric " NUMBER"
+.TP
+.BI preference " NUMBER"
+the preference value of the route.
+.I NUMBER
+is an arbitrary 32bit number.
+
+.TP
+.BI table " TABLEID"
+the table to add this route to.
+.I TABLEID
+may be a number or a string from the file
+.BR "/etc/iproute2/rt_tables" .
+If this parameter is omitted,
+.B ip
+assumes the
+.B main
+table, with the exception of
+.BR local " , " broadcast " and " nat
+routes, which are put into the
+.B local
+table by default.
+
+.TP
+.BI dev " NAME"
+the output device name.
+
+.TP
+.BI via " ADDRESS"
+the address of the nexthop router. Actually, the sense of this field
+depends on the route type. For normal
+.B unicast
+routes it is either the true next hop router or, if it is a direct
+route installed in BSD compatibility mode, it can be a local address
+of the interface. For NAT routes it is the first address of the block
+of translated IP destinations.
+
+.TP
+.BI src " ADDRESS"
+the source address to prefer when sending to the destinations
+covered by the route prefix.
+
+.TP
+.BI realm " REALMID"
+the realm to which this route is assigned.
+.I REALMID
+may be a number or a string from the file
+.BR "/etc/iproute2/rt_realms" .
+
+.TP
+.BI mtu " MTU"
+.TP
+.BI "mtu lock" " MTU"
+the MTU along the path to the destination. If the modifier
+.B lock
+is not used, the MTU may be updated by the kernel due to
+Path MTU Discovery. If the modifier
+.B lock
+is used, no path MTU discovery will be tried, all packets
+will be sent without the DF bit in IPv4 case or fragmented
+to MTU for IPv6.
+
+.TP
+.BI window " NUMBER"
+the maximal window for TCP to advertise to these destinations,
+measured in bytes. It limits maximal data bursts that our TCP
+peers are allowed to send to us.
+
+.TP
+.BI rtt " NUMBER"
+the initial RTT ('Round Trip Time') estimate.
+
+.TP
+.BI rttvar " NUMBER " "(2.3.15+ only)"
+the initial RTT variance estimate.
+
+.TP
+.BI ssthresh " NUMBER " "(2.3.15+ only)"
+an estimate for the initial slow start threshold.
+
+.TP
+.BI cwnd " NUMBER " "(2.3.15+ only)"
+the clamp for congestion window. It is ignored if the
+.B lock
+flag is not used.
+
+.TP
+.BI advmss " NUMBER " "(2.3.15+ only)"
+the MSS ('Maximal Segment Size') to advertise to these
+destinations when establishing TCP connections. If it is not given,
+Linux uses a default value calculated from the first hop device MTU.
+(If the path to these destination is asymmetric, this guess may be wrong.)
+
+.TP
+.BI reordering " NUMBER " "(2.3.15+ only)"
+Maximal reordering on the path to this destination.
+If it is not given, Linux uses the value selected with
+.B sysctl
+variable
+.BR "net/ipv4/tcp_reordering" .
+
+.TP
+.BI nexthop " NEXTHOP"
+the nexthop of a multipath route.
+.I NEXTHOP
+is a complex value with its own syntax similar to the top level
+argument lists:
+
+.in +8
+.BI via " ADDRESS"
+- is the nexthop router.
+.sp
+
+.BI dev " NAME"
+- is the output device.
+.sp
+
+.BI weight " NUMBER"
+- is a weight for this element of a multipath
+route reflecting its relative bandwidth or quality.
+.in -8
+
+.TP
+.BI scope " SCOPE_VAL"
+the scope of the destinations covered by the route prefix.
+.I SCOPE_VAL
+may be a number or a string from the file
+.BR "/etc/iproute2/rt_scopes" .
+If this parameter is omitted,
+.B ip
+assumes scope
+.B global
+for all gatewayed
+.B unicast
+routes, scope
+.B link
+for direct
+.BR unicast " and " broadcast
+routes and scope
+.BR host " for " local
+routes.
+
+.TP
+.BI protocol " RTPROTO"
+the routing protocol identifier of this route.
+.I RTPROTO
+may be a number or a string from the file
+.BR "/etc/iproute2/rt_protos" .
+If the routing protocol ID is not given,
+.B ip assumes protocol
+.B boot
+(i.e. it assumes the route was added by someone who doesn't
+understand what they are doing). Several protocol values have
+a fixed interpretation.
+Namely:
+
+.in +8
+.B redirect
+- the route was installed due to an ICMP redirect.
+.sp
+
+.B kernel
+- the route was installed by the kernel during autoconfiguration.
+.sp
+
+.B boot
+- the route was installed during the bootup sequence.
+If a routing daemon starts, it will purge all of them.
+.sp
+
+.B static
+- the route was installed by the administrator
+to override dynamic routing. Routing daemon will respect them
+and, probably, even advertise them to its peers.
+.sp
+
+.B ra
+- the route was installed by Router Discovery protocol.
+.in -8
+
+.sp
+The rest of the values are not reserved and the administrator is free
+to assign (or not to assign) protocol tags.
+
+.TP
+.B onlink
+pretend that the nexthop is directly attached to this link,
+even if it does not match any interface prefix.
+
+.TP
+.B equalize
+allow packet by packet randomization on multipath routes.
+Without this modifier, the route will be frozen to one selected
+nexthop, so that load splitting will only occur on per-flow base.
+.B equalize
+only works if the kernel is patched.
+
+.SS ip route delete - delete route
+
+.B ip route del
+has the same arguments as
+.BR "ip route add" ,
+but their semantics are a bit different.
+
+Key values
+.RB "(" to ", " tos ", " preference " and " table ")"
+select the route to delete. If optional attributes are present,
+.B ip
+verifies that they coincide with the attributes of the route to delete.
+If no route with the given key and attributes was found,
+.B ip route del
+fails.
+
+.SS ip route show - list routes
+the command displays the contents of the routing tables or the route(s)
+selected by some criteria.
+
+.TP
+.BI to " SELECTOR " (default)
+only select routes from the given range of destinations.
+.I SELECTOR
+consists of an optional modifier
+.RB "(" root ", " match " or " exact ")"
+and a prefix.
+.BI root " PREFIX"
+selects routes with prefixes not shorter than
+.IR PREFIX "."
+F.e.
+.BI root " 0/0"
+selects the entire routing table.
+.BI match " PREFIX"
+selects routes with prefixes not longer than
+.IR PREFIX "."
+F.e.
+.BI match " 10.0/16"
+selects
+.IR 10.0/16 ","
+.IR 10/8 " and " 0/0 ,
+but it does not select
+.IR 10.1/16 " and " 10.0.0/24 .
+And
+.BI exact " PREFIX"
+(or just
+.IR PREFIX ")"
+selects routes with this exact prefix. If neither of these options
+are present,
+.B ip
+assumes
+.BI root " 0/0"
+i.e. it lists the entire table.
+
+.TP
+.BI tos " TOS"
+.BI dsfield " TOS"
+only select routes with the given TOS.
+
+.TP
+.BI table " TABLEID"
+show the routes from this table(s). The default setting is to show
+.BR table main "."
+.I TABLEID
+may either be the ID of a real table or one of the special values:
+.sp
+.in +8
+.B all
+- list all of the tables.
+.sp
+.B cache
+- dump the routing cache.
+.in -8
+
+.TP
+.B cloned
+.TP
+.B cached
+list cloned routes i.e. routes which were dynamically forked from
+other routes because some route attribute (f.e. MTU) was updated.
+Actually, it is equivalent to
+.BR "table cache" "."
+
+.TP
+.BI from " SELECTOR"
+the same syntax as for
+.BR to ","
+but it binds the source address range rather than destinations.
+Note that the
+.B from
+option only works with cloned routes.
+
+.TP
+.BI protocol " RTPROTO"
+only list routes of this protocol.
+
+.TP
+.BI scope " SCOPE_VAL"
+only list routes with this scope.
+
+.TP
+.BI type " TYPE"
+only list routes of this type.
+
+.TP
+.BI dev " NAME"
+only list routes going via this device.
+
+.TP
+.BI via " PREFIX"
+only list routes going via the nexthop routers selected by
+.IR PREFIX "."
+
+.TP
+.BI src " PREFIX"
+only list routes with preferred source addresses selected
+by
+.IR PREFIX "."
+
+.TP
+.BI realm " REALMID"
+.TP
+.BI realms " FROMREALM/TOREALM"
+only list routes with these realms.
+
+.SS ip route flush - flush routing tables
+this command flushes routes selected by some criteria.
+
+.sp
+The arguments have the same syntax and semantics as the arguments of
+.BR "ip route show" ,
+but routing tables are not listed but purged. The only difference is
+the default action:
+.B show
+dumps all the IP main routing table but
+.B flush
+prints the helper page.
+
+.sp
+With the
+.B -statistics
+option, the command becomes verbose. It prints out the number of
+deleted routes and the number of rounds made to flush the routing
+table. If the option is given
+twice,
+.B ip route flush
+also dumps all the deleted routes in the format described in the
+previous subsection.
+
+.SS ip route get - get a single route
+this command gets a single route to a destination and prints its
+contents exactly as the kernel sees it.
+
+.TP
+.BI to " ADDRESS " (default)
+the destination address.
+
+.TP
+.BI from " ADDRESS"
+the source address.
+
+.TP
+.BI tos " TOS"
+.TP
+.BI dsfield " TOS"
+the Type Of Service.
+
+.TP
+.BI iif " NAME"
+the device from which this packet is expected to arrive.
+
+.TP
+.BI oif " NAME"
+force the output device on which this packet will be routed.
+
+.TP
+.B connected
+if no source address
+.RB "(option " from ")"
+was given, relookup the route with the source set to the preferred
+address received from the first lookup.
+If policy routing is used, it may be a different route.
+
+.P
+Note that this operation is not equivalent to
+.BR "ip route show" .
+.B show
+shows existing routes.
+.B get
+resolves them and creates new clones if necessary. Essentially,
+.B get
+is equivalent to sending a packet along this path.
+If the
+.B iif
+argument is not given, the kernel creates a route
+to output packets towards the requested destination.
+This is equivalent to pinging the destination
+with a subsequent
+.BR "ip route ls cache" ,
+however, no packets are actually sent. With the
+.B iif
+argument, the kernel pretends that a packet arrived from this interface
+and searches for a path to forward the packet.
+
+.SH ip rule - routing policy database management
+
+.BR "Rule" s
+in the routing policy database control the route selection algorithm.
+
+.P
+Classic routing algorithms used in the Internet make routing decisions
+based only on the destination address of packets (and in theory,
+but not in practice, on the TOS field).
+
+.P
+In some circumstances we want to route packets differently depending not only
+on destination addresses, but also on other packet fields: source address,
+IP protocol, transport protocol ports or even packet payload.
+This task is called 'policy routing'.
+
+.P
+To solve this task, the conventional destination based routing table, ordered
+according to the longest match rule, is replaced with a 'routing policy
+database' (or RPDB), which selects routes by executing some set of rules.
+
+.P
+Each policy routing rule consists of a
+.B selector
+and an
+.B action predicate.
+The RPDB is scanned in the order of increasing priority. The selector
+of each rule is applied to {source address, destination address, incoming
+interface, tos, fwmark} and, if the selector matches the packet,
+the action is performed. The action predicate may return with success.
+In this case, it will either give a route or failure indication
+and the RPDB lookup is terminated. Otherwise, the RPDB program
+continues on the next rule.
+
+.P
+Semantically, natural action is to select the nexthop and the output device.
+
+.P
+At startup time the kernel configures the default RPDB consisting of three
+rules:
+
+.TP
+1.
+Priority: 0, Selector: match anything, Action: lookup routing
+table
+.B local
+(ID 255).
+The
+.B local
+table is a special routing table containing
+high priority control routes for local and broadcast addresses.
+.sp
+Rule 0 is special. It cannot be deleted or overridden.
+
+.TP
+2.
+Priority: 32766, Selector: match anything, Action: lookup routing
+table
+.B main
+(ID 254).
+The
+.B main
+table is the normal routing table containing all non-policy
+routes. This rule may be deleted and/or overridden with other
+ones by the administrator.
+
+.TP
+3.
+Priority: 32767, Selector: match anything, Action: lookup routing
+table
+.B default
+(ID 253).
+The
+.B default
+table is empty. It is reserved for some post-processing if no previous
+default rules selected the packet.
+This rule may also be deleted.
+
+.P
+Each RPDB entry has additional
+attributes. F.e. each rule has a pointer to some routing
+table. NAT and masquerading rules have an attribute to select new IP
+address to translate/masquerade. Besides that, rules have some
+optional attributes, which routes have, namely
+.BR "realms" .
+These values do not override those contained in the routing tables. They
+are only used if the route did not select any attributes.
+
+.sp
+The RPDB may contain rules of the following types:
+
+.in +8
+.B unicast
+- the rule prescribes to return the route found
+in the routing table referenced by the rule.
+
+.B blackhole
+- the rule prescribes to silently drop the packet.
+
+.B unreachable
+- the rule prescribes to generate a 'Network is unreachable' error.
+
+.B prohibit
+- the rule prescribes to generate 'Communication is administratively
+prohibited' error.
+
+.B nat
+- the rule prescribes to translate the source address
+of the IP packet into some other value.
+.in -8
+
+.SS ip rule add - insert a new rule
+.SS ip rule delete - delete a rule
+
+.TP
+.BI type " TYPE " (default)
+the type of this rule. The list of valid types was given in the previous
+subsection.
+
+.TP
+.BI from " PREFIX"
+select the source prefix to match.
+
+.TP
+.BI to " PREFIX"
+select the destination prefix to match.
+
+.TP
+.BI iif " NAME"
+select the incoming device to match. If the interface is loopback,
+the rule only matches packets originating from this host. This means
+that you may create separate routing tables for forwarded and local
+packets and, hence, completely segregate them.
+
+.TP
+.BI tos " TOS"
+.TP
+.BI dsfield " TOS"
+select the TOS value to match.
+
+.TP
+.BI fwmark " MARK"
+select the
+.B fwmark
+value to match.
+
+.TP
+.BI priority " PREFERENCE"
+the priority of this rule. Each rule should have an explicitly
+set
+.I unique
+priority value.
+
+.TP
+.BI table " TABLEID"
+the routing table identifier to lookup if the rule selector matches.
+
+.TP
+.BI realms " FROM/TO"
+Realms to select if the rule matched and the routing table lookup
+succeeded. Realm
+.I TO
+is only used if the route did not select any realm.
+
+.TP
+.BI nat " ADDRESS"
+The base of the IP address block to translate (for source addresses).
+The
+.I ADDRESS
+may be either the start of the block of NAT addresses (selected by NAT
+routes) or a local host address (or even zero).
+In the last case the router does not translate the packets, but
+masquerades them to this address.
+
+.B Warning:
+Changes to the RPDB made with these commands do not become active
+immediately. It is assumed that after a script finishes a batch of
+updates, it flushes the routing cache with
+.BR "ip route flush cache" .
+
+.SS ip rule show - list rules
+This command has no arguments.
+
+.SH ip maddress - multicast addresses management
+
+.B maddress
+objects are multicast addresses.
+
+.SS ip maddress show - list multicast addresses
+
+.TP
+.BI dev " NAME " (default)
+the device name.
+
+.SS ip maddress add - add a multicast address
+.SS ip maddress delete - delete a multicast address
+these commands attach/detach a static link layer multicast address
+to listen on the interface.
+Note that it is impossible to join protocol multicast groups
+statically. This command only manages link layer addresses.
+
+.TP
+.BI address " LLADDRESS " (default)
+the link layer multicast address.
+
+.TP
+.BI dev " NAME"
+the device to join/leave this multicast address.
+
+.SH ip mroute - multicast routing cache management
+.B mroute
+objects are multicast routing cache entries created by a user level
+mrouting daemon (f.e.
+.B pimd
+or
+.B mrouted
+).
+
+Due to the limitations of the current interface to the multicast routing
+engine, it is impossible to change
+.B mroute
+objects administratively, so we may only display them. This limitation
+will be removed in the future.
+
+.SS ip mroute show - list mroute cache entries
+
+.TP
+.BI to " PREFIX " (default)
+the prefix selecting the destination multicast addresses to list.
+
+.TP
+.BI iif " NAME"
+the interface on which multicast packets are received.
+
+.TP
+.BI from " PREFIX"
+the prefix selecting the IP source addresses of the multicast route.
+
+.SH ip tunnel - tunnel configuration
+.B tunnel
+objects are tunnels, encapsulating packets in IPv4 packets and then
+sending them over the IP infrastructure.
+
+.SS ip tunnel add - add a new tunnel
+.SS ip tunnel change - change an existing tunnel
+.SS ip tunnel delete - destroy a tunnel
+
+.TP
+.BI name " NAME " (default)
+select the tunnel device name.
+
+.TP
+.BI mode " MODE"
+set the tunnel mode. Three modes are currently available:
+.BR ipip ", " sit " and " gre "."
+
+.TP
+.BI remote " ADDRESS"
+set the remote endpoint of the tunnel.
+
+.TP
+.BI local " ADDRESS"
+set the fixed local address for tunneled packets.
+It must be an address on another interface of this host.
+
+.TP
+.BI ttl " N"
+set a fixed TTL
+.I N
+on tunneled packets.
+.I N
+is a number in the range 1--255. 0 is a special value
+meaning that packets inherit the TTL value.
+The default value is:
+.BR "inherit" .
+
+.TP
+.BI tos " T"
+.TP
+.BI dsfield " T"
+set a fixed TOS
+.I T
+on tunneled packets.
+The default value is:
+.BR "inherit" .
+
+.TP
+.BI dev " NAME"
+bind the tunnel to the device
+.I NAME
+so that tunneled packets will only be routed via this device and will
+not be able to escape to another device when the route to endpoint
+changes.
+
+.TP
+.B nopmtudisc
+disable Path MTU Discovery on this tunnel.
+It is enabled by default. Note that a fixed ttl is incompatible
+with this option: tunnelling with a fixed ttl always makes pmtu
+discovery.
+
+.TP
+.BI key " K"
+.TP
+.BI ikey " K"
+.TP
+.BI okey " K"
+.RB ( " only GRE tunnels " )
+use keyed GRE with key
+.IR K ". " K
+is either a number or an IP address-like dotted quad.
+The
+.B key
+parameter sets the key to use in both directions.
+The
+.BR ikey " and " okey
+parameters set different keys for input and output.
+
+.TP
+.BR csum ", " icsum ", " ocsum
+.RB ( " only GRE tunnels " )
+generate/require checksums for tunneled packets.
+The
+.B ocsum
+flag calculates checksums for outgoing packets.
+The
+.B icsum
+flag requires that all input packets have the correct
+checksum. The
+.B csum
+flag is equivalent to the combination
+.BR "icsum ocsum" .
+
+.TP
+.BR seq ", " iseq ", " oseq
+.RB ( " only GRE tunnels " )
+serialize packets.
+The
+.B oseq
+flag enables sequencing of outgoing packets.
+The
+.B iseq
+flag requires that all input packets are serialized.
+The
+.B seq
+flag is equivalent to the combination
+.BR "iseq oseq" .
+.B It isn't work. Don't use it.
+
+.SS ip tunnel show - list tunnels
+This command has no arguments.
+
+.SH ip monitor and rtmon - state monitoring
+
+The
+.B ip
+utility can monitor the state of devices, addresses
+and routes continuously. This option has a slightly different format.
+Namely, the
+.B monitor
+command is the first in the command line and then the object list follows:
+
+.BR "ip monitor" " [ " all " |"
+.IR LISTofOBJECTS " ]"
+
+.I OBJECT-LIST
+is the list of object types that we want to monitor.
+It may contain
+.BR link ", " address " and " route "."
+If no
+.B file
+argument is given,
+.B ip
+opens RTNETLINK, listens on it and dumps state changes in the format
+described in previous sections.
+
+.P
+If a file name is given, it does not listen on RTNETLINK,
+but opens the file containing RTNETLINK messages saved in binary format
+and dumps them. Such a history file can be generated with the
+.B rtmon
+utility. This utility has a command line syntax similar to
+.BR "ip monitor" .
+Ideally,
+.B rtmon
+should be started before the first network configuration command
+is issued. F.e. if you insert:
+.sp
+.in +8
+rtmon file /var/log/rtmon.log
+.in -8
+.sp
+in a startup script, you will be able to view the full history
+later.
+
+.P
+Certainly, it is possible to start
+.B rtmon
+at any time.
+It prepends the history with the state snapshot dumped at the moment
+of starting.
+
+.SH HISTORY
+
+.B ip
+was written by Alexey N. Kuznetsov and added in Linux 2.2.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR tc (8)
+.br
+.RB "IP Command reference " ip-cref.ps
+.br
+.RB "IP tunnels " ip-cref.ps
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+
+Manpage maintained by Michail Litvak <mci@owl.openwall.com>
+++ /dev/null
-/*
- * iproute.c "ip route".
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
- * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
- * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * Authors: Alexey Kuznetsov, <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>
- *
- *
- * Changes:
- *
- * Rani Assaf <rani@magic.metawire.com> 980929: resolve addresses
- * Kunihiro Ishiguro <kunihiro@zebra.org> 001102: rtnh_ifindex was not initialized
- */
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <syslog.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <netinet/ip.h>
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <linux/in_route.h>
-
-#include "rt_names.h"
-#include "utils.h"
-#include "ip_common.h"
-
-#ifndef RTAX_RTTVAR
-#define RTAX_RTTVAR RTAX_HOPS
-#endif
-
-
-static void usage(void) __attribute__((noreturn));
-
-static void usage(void)
-{
- fprintf(stderr, "Usage: ip route { list | flush } SELECTOR\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " ip route get ADDRESS [ from ADDRESS iif STRING ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " [ oif STRING ] [ tos TOS ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " ip route { add | del | change | append | replace | monitor } ROUTE\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "SELECTOR := [ root PREFIX ] [ match PREFIX ] [ exact PREFIX ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " [ table TABLE_ID ] [ proto RTPROTO ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " [ type TYPE ] [ scope SCOPE ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "ROUTE := NODE_SPEC [ INFO_SPEC ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "NODE_SPEC := [ TYPE ] PREFIX [ tos TOS ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " [ table TABLE_ID ] [ proto RTPROTO ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " [ scope SCOPE ] [ metric METRIC ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "INFO_SPEC := NH OPTIONS FLAGS [ nexthop NH ]...\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "NH := [ via ADDRESS ] [ dev STRING ] [ weight NUMBER ] NHFLAGS\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "OPTIONS := FLAGS [ mtu NUMBER ] [ advmss NUMBER ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " [ rtt NUMBER ] [ rttvar NUMBER ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " [ window NUMBER] [ cwnd NUMBER ] [ ssthresh NUMBER ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " [ realms REALM ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "TYPE := [ unicast | local | broadcast | multicast | throw |\n");
- fprintf(stderr, " unreachable | prohibit | blackhole | nat ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "TABLE_ID := [ local | main | default | all | NUMBER ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "SCOPE := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "FLAGS := [ equalize ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "NHFLAGS := [ onlink | pervasive ]\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "RTPROTO := [ kernel | boot | static | NUMBER ]\n");
- exit(-1);
-}
-
-
-static struct
-{
- int tb;
- int flushed;
- char *flushb;
- int flushp;
- int flushe;
- struct rtnl_handle *rth;
- int protocol, protocolmask;
- int scope, scopemask;
- int type, typemask;
- int tos, tosmask;
- int iif, iifmask;
- int oif, oifmask;
- int realm, realmmask;
- inet_prefix rprefsrc;
- inet_prefix rvia;
- inet_prefix rdst;
- inet_prefix mdst;
- inet_prefix rsrc;
- inet_prefix msrc;
-} filter;
-
-static int flush_update(void)
-{
- if (rtnl_send(filter.rth, filter.flushb, filter.flushp) < 0) {
- perror("Failed to send flush request\n");
- return -1;
- }
- filter.flushp = 0;
- return 0;
-}
-
-int print_route(const struct sockaddr_nl *who, struct nlmsghdr *n, void *arg)
-{
- FILE *fp = (FILE*)arg;
- struct rtmsg *r = NLMSG_DATA(n);
- int len = n->nlmsg_len;
- struct rtattr * tb[RTA_MAX+1];
- char abuf[256];
- inet_prefix dst;
- inet_prefix src;
- inet_prefix prefsrc;
- inet_prefix via;
- int host_len = -1;
- SPRINT_BUF(b1);
-
-
- if (n->nlmsg_type != RTM_NEWROUTE && n->nlmsg_type != RTM_DELROUTE) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Not a route: %08x %08x %08x\n",
- n->nlmsg_len, n->nlmsg_type, n->nlmsg_flags);
- return 0;
- }
- if (filter.flushb && n->nlmsg_type != RTM_NEWROUTE)
- return 0;
- len -= NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(*r));
- if (len < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "BUG: wrong nlmsg len %d\n", len);
- return -1;
- }
-
- if (r->rtm_family == AF_INET6)
- host_len = 128;
- else if (r->rtm_family == AF_INET)
- host_len = 32;
- else if (r->rtm_family == AF_DECnet)
- host_len = 16;
- else if (r->rtm_family == AF_IPX)
- host_len = 80;
-
- if (r->rtm_family == AF_INET6) {
- if (filter.tb) {
- if (filter.tb < 0) {
- if (!(r->rtm_flags&RTM_F_CLONED))
- return 0;
- } else {
- if (r->rtm_flags&RTM_F_CLONED)
- return 0;
- if (filter.tb == RT_TABLE_LOCAL) {
- if (r->rtm_type != RTN_LOCAL)
- return 0;
- } else if (filter.tb == RT_TABLE_MAIN) {
- if (r->rtm_type == RTN_LOCAL)
- return 0;
- } else {
- return 0;
- }
- }
- }
- } else {
- if (filter.tb > 0 && filter.tb != r->rtm_table)
- return 0;
- }
- if ((filter.protocol^r->rtm_protocol)&filter.protocolmask)
- return 0;
- if ((filter.scope^r->rtm_scope)&filter.scopemask)
- return 0;
- if ((filter.type^r->rtm_type)&filter.typemask)
- return 0;
- if ((filter.tos^r->rtm_tos)&filter.tosmask)
- return 0;
- if (filter.rdst.family &&
- (r->rtm_family != filter.rdst.family || filter.rdst.bitlen > r->rtm_dst_len))
- return 0;
- if (filter.mdst.family &&
- (r->rtm_family != filter.mdst.family ||
- (filter.mdst.bitlen >= 0 && filter.mdst.bitlen < r->rtm_dst_len)))
- return 0;
- if (filter.rsrc.family &&
- (r->rtm_family != filter.rsrc.family || filter.rsrc.bitlen > r->rtm_src_len))
- return 0;
- if (filter.msrc.family &&
- (r->rtm_family != filter.msrc.family ||
- (filter.msrc.bitlen >= 0 && filter.msrc.bitlen < r->rtm_src_len)))
- return 0;
- if (filter.rvia.family && r->rtm_family != filter.rvia.family)
- return 0;
- if (filter.rprefsrc.family && r->rtm_family != filter.rprefsrc.family)
- return 0;
-
- parse_rtattr(tb, RTA_MAX, RTM_RTA(r), len);
-
- memset(&dst, 0, sizeof(dst));
- dst.family = r->rtm_family;
- if (tb[RTA_DST])
- memcpy(&dst.data, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_DST]), (r->rtm_dst_len+7)/8);
- if (filter.rsrc.family || filter.msrc.family) {
- memset(&src, 0, sizeof(src));
- src.family = r->rtm_family;
- if (tb[RTA_SRC])
- memcpy(&src.data, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_SRC]), (r->rtm_src_len+7)/8);
- }
- if (filter.rvia.bitlen>0) {
- memset(&via, 0, sizeof(via));
- via.family = r->rtm_family;
- if (tb[RTA_GATEWAY])
- memcpy(&via.data, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_GATEWAY]), host_len);
- }
- if (filter.rprefsrc.bitlen>0) {
- memset(&prefsrc, 0, sizeof(prefsrc));
- prefsrc.family = r->rtm_family;
- if (tb[RTA_PREFSRC])
- memcpy(&prefsrc.data, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_PREFSRC]), host_len);
- }
-
- if (filter.rdst.family && inet_addr_match(&dst, &filter.rdst, filter.rdst.bitlen))
- return 0;
- if (filter.mdst.family && filter.mdst.bitlen >= 0 &&
- inet_addr_match(&dst, &filter.mdst, r->rtm_dst_len))
- return 0;
-
- if (filter.rsrc.family && inet_addr_match(&src, &filter.rsrc, filter.rsrc.bitlen))
- return 0;
- if (filter.msrc.family && filter.msrc.bitlen >= 0 &&
- inet_addr_match(&src, &filter.msrc, r->rtm_src_len))
- return 0;
-
- if (filter.rvia.family && inet_addr_match(&via, &filter.rvia, filter.rvia.bitlen))
- return 0;
- if (filter.rprefsrc.family && inet_addr_match(&prefsrc, &filter.rprefsrc, filter.rprefsrc.bitlen))
- return 0;
- if (filter.realmmask) {
- __u32 realms = 0;
- if (tb[RTA_FLOW])
- realms = *(__u32*)RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_FLOW]);
- if ((realms^filter.realm)&filter.realmmask)
- return 0;
- }
- if (filter.iifmask) {
- int iif = 0;
- if (tb[RTA_IIF])
- iif = *(int*)RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_IIF]);
- if ((iif^filter.iif)&filter.iifmask)
- return 0;
- }
- if (filter.oifmask) {
- int oif = 0;
- if (tb[RTA_OIF])
- oif = *(int*)RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_OIF]);
- if ((oif^filter.oif)&filter.oifmask)
- return 0;
- }
- if (filter.flushb &&
- r->rtm_family == AF_INET6 &&
- r->rtm_dst_len == 0 &&
- r->rtm_type == RTN_UNREACHABLE &&
- tb[RTA_PRIORITY] &&
- *(int*)RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_PRIORITY]) == -1)
- return 0;
-
- if (filter.flushb) {
- struct nlmsghdr *fn;
- if (NLMSG_ALIGN(filter.flushp) + n->nlmsg_len > filter.flushe) {
- if (flush_update())
- return -1;
- }
- fn = (struct nlmsghdr*)(filter.flushb + NLMSG_ALIGN(filter.flushp));
- memcpy(fn, n, n->nlmsg_len);
- fn->nlmsg_type = RTM_DELROUTE;
- fn->nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST;
- fn->nlmsg_seq = ++filter.rth->seq;
- filter.flushp = (((char*)fn) + n->nlmsg_len) - filter.flushb;
- filter.flushed++;
- if (show_stats < 2)
- return 0;
- }
-
- if (n->nlmsg_type == RTM_DELROUTE)
- fprintf(fp, "Deleted ");
- if (r->rtm_type != RTN_UNICAST && !filter.type)
- fprintf(fp, "%s ", rtnl_rtntype_n2a(r->rtm_type, b1, sizeof(b1)));
-
- if (tb[RTA_DST]) {
- if (r->rtm_dst_len != host_len) {
- fprintf(fp, "%s/%u ", rt_addr_n2a(r->rtm_family,
- RTA_PAYLOAD(tb[RTA_DST]),
- RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_DST]),
- abuf, sizeof(abuf)),
- r->rtm_dst_len
- );
- } else {
- fprintf(fp, "%s ", format_host(r->rtm_family,
- RTA_PAYLOAD(tb[RTA_DST]),
- RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_DST]),
- abuf, sizeof(abuf))
- );
- }
- } else if (r->rtm_dst_len) {
- fprintf(fp, "0/%d ", r->rtm_dst_len);
- } else {
- fprintf(fp, "default ");
- }
- if (tb[RTA_SRC]) {
- if (r->rtm_src_len != host_len) {
- fprintf(fp, "from %s/%u ", rt_addr_n2a(r->rtm_family,
- RTA_PAYLOAD(tb[RTA_SRC]),
- RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_SRC]),
- abuf, sizeof(abuf)),
- r->rtm_src_len
- );
- } else {
- fprintf(fp, "from %s ", format_host(r->rtm_family,
- RTA_PAYLOAD(tb[RTA_SRC]),
- RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_SRC]),
- abuf, sizeof(abuf))
- );
- }
- } else if (r->rtm_src_len) {
- fprintf(fp, "from 0/%u ", r->rtm_src_len);
- }
- if (r->rtm_tos && filter.tosmask != -1) {
- SPRINT_BUF(b1);
- fprintf(fp, "tos %s ", rtnl_dsfield_n2a(r->rtm_tos, b1, sizeof(b1)));
- }
- if (tb[RTA_GATEWAY] && filter.rvia.bitlen != host_len) {
- fprintf(fp, "via %s ",
- format_host(r->rtm_family,
- RTA_PAYLOAD(tb[RTA_GATEWAY]),
- RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_GATEWAY]),
- abuf, sizeof(abuf)));
- }
- if (tb[RTA_OIF] && filter.oifmask != -1)
- fprintf(fp, "dev %s ", ll_index_to_name(*(int*)RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_OIF])));
-
- if (!(r->rtm_flags&RTM_F_CLONED)) {
- if (r->rtm_table != RT_TABLE_MAIN && !filter.tb)
- fprintf(fp, " table %s ", rtnl_rttable_n2a(r->rtm_table, b1, sizeof(b1)));
- if (r->rtm_protocol != RTPROT_BOOT && filter.protocolmask != -1)
- fprintf(fp, " proto %s ", rtnl_rtprot_n2a(r->rtm_protocol, b1, sizeof(b1)));
- if (r->rtm_scope != RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE && filter.scopemask != -1)
- fprintf(fp, " scope %s ", rtnl_rtscope_n2a(r->rtm_scope, b1, sizeof(b1)));
- }
- if (tb[RTA_PREFSRC] && filter.rprefsrc.bitlen != host_len) {
- /* Do not use format_host(). It is our local addr
- and symbolic name will not be useful.
- */
- fprintf(fp, " src %s ",
- rt_addr_n2a(r->rtm_family,
- RTA_PAYLOAD(tb[RTA_PREFSRC]),
- RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_PREFSRC]),
- abuf, sizeof(abuf)));
- }
- if (tb[RTA_PRIORITY])
- fprintf(fp, " metric %d ", *(__u32*)RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_PRIORITY]));
- if (r->rtm_flags & RTNH_F_DEAD)
- fprintf(fp, "dead ");
- if (r->rtm_flags & RTNH_F_ONLINK)
- fprintf(fp, "onlink ");
- if (r->rtm_flags & RTNH_F_PERVASIVE)
- fprintf(fp, "pervasive ");
- if (r->rtm_flags & RTM_F_EQUALIZE)
- fprintf(fp, "equalize ");
- if (r->rtm_flags & RTM_F_NOTIFY)
- fprintf(fp, "notify ");
-
- if (tb[RTA_FLOW] && filter.realmmask != ~0U) {
- __u32 to = *(__u32*)RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_FLOW]);
- __u32 from = to>>16;
- to &= 0xFFFF;
- fprintf(fp, "realm%s ", from ? "s" : "");
- if (from) {
- fprintf(fp, "%s/",
- rtnl_rtrealm_n2a(from, b1, sizeof(b1)));
- }
- fprintf(fp, "%s ",
- rtnl_rtrealm_n2a(to, b1, sizeof(b1)));
- }
- if ((r->rtm_flags&RTM_F_CLONED) && r->rtm_family == AF_INET) {
- __u32 flags = r->rtm_flags&~0xFFFF;
- int first = 1;
-
- fprintf(fp, "%s cache ", _SL_);
-
-#define PRTFL(fl,flname) if (flags&RTCF_##fl) { \
- flags &= ~RTCF_##fl; \
- fprintf(fp, "%s" flname "%s", first ? "<" : "", flags ? "," : "> "); \
- first = 0; }
- PRTFL(LOCAL, "local");
- PRTFL(REJECT, "reject");
- PRTFL(MULTICAST, "mc");
- PRTFL(BROADCAST, "brd");
- PRTFL(DNAT, "dst-nat");
- PRTFL(SNAT, "src-nat");
- PRTFL(MASQ, "masq");
- PRTFL(DIRECTDST, "dst-direct");
- PRTFL(DIRECTSRC, "src-direct");
- PRTFL(REDIRECTED, "redirected");
- PRTFL(DOREDIRECT, "redirect");
- PRTFL(FAST, "fastroute");
- PRTFL(NOTIFY, "notify");
- PRTFL(TPROXY, "proxy");
-#ifdef RTCF_EQUALIZE
- PRTFL(EQUALIZE, "equalize");
-#endif
- if (flags)
- fprintf(fp, "%s%x> ", first ? "<" : "", flags);
- if (tb[RTA_CACHEINFO]) {
- struct rta_cacheinfo *ci = RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_CACHEINFO]);
- static int hz;
- if (!hz)
- hz = get_user_hz();
- if (ci->rta_expires != 0)
- fprintf(fp, " expires %dsec", ci->rta_expires/hz);
- if (ci->rta_error != 0)
- fprintf(fp, " error %d", ci->rta_error);
- if (show_stats) {
- if (ci->rta_clntref)
- fprintf(fp, " users %d", ci->rta_clntref);
- if (ci->rta_used != 0)
- fprintf(fp, " used %d", ci->rta_used);
- if (ci->rta_lastuse != 0)
- fprintf(fp, " age %dsec", ci->rta_lastuse/hz);
- }
-#ifdef RTNETLINK_HAVE_PEERINFO
- if (ci->rta_id)
- fprintf(fp, " ipid 0x%04x", ci->rta_id);
- if (ci->rta_ts || ci->rta_tsage)
- fprintf(fp, " ts 0x%x tsage %dsec", ci->rta_ts, ci->rta_tsage);
-#endif
- }
- } else if (r->rtm_family == AF_INET6) {
- struct rta_cacheinfo *ci = NULL;
- if (tb[RTA_CACHEINFO])
- ci = RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_CACHEINFO]);
- if ((r->rtm_flags & RTM_F_CLONED) || (ci && ci->rta_expires)) {
- static int hz;
- if (!hz)
- hz = get_user_hz();
- if (r->rtm_flags & RTM_F_CLONED)
- fprintf(fp, "%s cache ", _SL_);
- if (ci->rta_expires)
- fprintf(fp, " expires %dsec", ci->rta_expires/hz);
- if (ci->rta_error != 0)
- fprintf(fp, " error %d", ci->rta_error);
- if (show_stats) {
- if (ci->rta_clntref)
- fprintf(fp, " users %d", ci->rta_clntref);
- if (ci->rta_used != 0)
- fprintf(fp, " used %d", ci->rta_used);
- if (ci->rta_lastuse != 0)
- fprintf(fp, " age %dsec", ci->rta_lastuse/hz);
- }
- } else if (ci) {
- if (ci->rta_error != 0)
- fprintf(fp, " error %d", ci->rta_error);
- }
- }
- if (tb[RTA_METRICS]) {
- int i;
- unsigned mxlock = 0;
- struct rtattr *mxrta[RTAX_MAX+1];
-
- parse_rtattr(mxrta, RTAX_MAX, RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_METRICS]),
- RTA_PAYLOAD(tb[RTA_METRICS]));
- if (mxrta[RTAX_LOCK])
- mxlock = *(unsigned*)RTA_DATA(mxrta[RTAX_LOCK]);
-
- for (i=2; i<=RTAX_MAX; i++) {
- static char *mx_names[] =
- {
- "mtu",
- "window",
- "rtt",
- "rttvar",
- "ssthresh",
- "cwnd",
- "advmss",
- "reordering",
- };
- static int hz;
- if (mxrta[i] == NULL)
- continue;
- if (!hz)
- hz = get_hz();
- if (i-2 < sizeof(mx_names)/sizeof(char*))
- fprintf(fp, " %s", mx_names[i-2]);
- else
- fprintf(fp, " metric %d", i);
- if (mxlock & (1<<i))
- fprintf(fp, " lock");
-
- if (i != RTAX_RTT && i != RTAX_RTTVAR)
- fprintf(fp, " %u", *(unsigned*)RTA_DATA(mxrta[i]));
- else {
- unsigned val = *(unsigned*)RTA_DATA(mxrta[i]);
-
- val *= 1000;
- if (i == RTAX_RTT)
- val /= 8;
- else
- val /= 4;
- if (val >= hz)
- fprintf(fp, " %ums", val/hz);
- else
- fprintf(fp, " %.2fms", (float)val/hz);
- }
- }
- }
- if (tb[RTA_IIF] && filter.iifmask != -1) {
- fprintf(fp, " iif %s", ll_index_to_name(*(int*)RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_IIF])));
- }
- if (tb[RTA_MULTIPATH]) {
- struct rtnexthop *nh = RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_MULTIPATH]);
- int first = 0;
-
- len = RTA_PAYLOAD(tb[RTA_MULTIPATH]);
-
- for (;;) {
- if (len < sizeof(*nh))
- break;
- if (nh->rtnh_len > len)
- break;
- if (r->rtm_flags&RTM_F_CLONED && r->rtm_type == RTN_MULTICAST) {
- if (first)
- fprintf(fp, " Oifs:");
- else
- fprintf(fp, " ");
- } else
- fprintf(fp, "%s\tnexthop", _SL_);
- if (nh->rtnh_len > sizeof(*nh)) {
- parse_rtattr(tb, RTA_MAX, RTNH_DATA(nh), nh->rtnh_len - sizeof(*nh));
- if (tb[RTA_GATEWAY]) {
- fprintf(fp, " via %s ",
- format_host(r->rtm_family,
- RTA_PAYLOAD(tb[RTA_GATEWAY]),
- RTA_DATA(tb[RTA_GATEWAY]),
- abuf, sizeof(abuf)));
- }
- }
- if (r->rtm_flags&RTM_F_CLONED && r->rtm_type == RTN_MULTICAST) {
- fprintf(fp, " %s", ll_index_to_name(nh->rtnh_ifindex));
- if (nh->rtnh_hops != 1)
- fprintf(fp, "(ttl>%d)", nh->rtnh_hops);
- } else {
- fprintf(fp, " dev %s", ll_index_to_name(nh->rtnh_ifindex));
- fprintf(fp, " weight %d", nh->rtnh_hops+1);
- }
- if (nh->rtnh_flags & RTNH_F_DEAD)
- fprintf(fp, " dead");
- if (nh->rtnh_flags & RTNH_F_ONLINK)
- fprintf(fp, " onlink");
- if (nh->rtnh_flags & RTNH_F_PERVASIVE)
- fprintf(fp, " pervasive");
- len -= NLMSG_ALIGN(nh->rtnh_len);
- nh = RTNH_NEXT(nh);
- }
- }
- fprintf(fp, "\n");
- fflush(fp);
- return 0;
-}
-
-
-int parse_one_nh(struct rtattr *rta, struct rtnexthop *rtnh, int *argcp, char ***argvp)
-{
- int argc = *argcp;
- char **argv = *argvp;
-
- while (++argv, --argc > 0) {
- if (strcmp(*argv, "via") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- rta_addattr32(rta, 4096, RTA_GATEWAY, get_addr32(*argv));
- rtnh->rtnh_len += sizeof(struct rtattr) + 4;
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "dev") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- if ((rtnh->rtnh_ifindex = ll_name_to_index(*argv)) == 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find device \"%s\"\n", *argv);
- exit(1);
- }
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "weight") == 0) {
- unsigned w;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (get_unsigned(&w, *argv, 0) || w == 0 || w > 256)
- invarg("\"weight\" is invalid\n", *argv);
- rtnh->rtnh_hops = w - 1;
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "onlink") == 0) {
- rtnh->rtnh_flags |= RTNH_F_ONLINK;
- } else
- break;
- }
- *argcp = argc;
- *argvp = argv;
- return 0;
-}
-
-int parse_nexthops(struct nlmsghdr *n, struct rtmsg *r, int argc, char **argv)
-{
- char buf[1024];
- struct rtattr *rta = (void*)buf;
- struct rtnexthop *rtnh;
-
- rta->rta_type = RTA_MULTIPATH;
- rta->rta_len = RTA_LENGTH(0);
- rtnh = RTA_DATA(rta);
-
- while (argc > 0) {
- if (strcmp(*argv, "nexthop") != 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error: \"nexthop\" or end of line is expected instead of \"%s\"\n", *argv);
- exit(-1);
- }
- if (argc <= 1) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error: unexpected end of line after \"nexthop\"\n");
- exit(-1);
- }
- memset(rtnh, 0, sizeof(*rtnh));
- rtnh->rtnh_len = sizeof(*rtnh);
- rta->rta_len += rtnh->rtnh_len;
- parse_one_nh(rta, rtnh, &argc, &argv);
- rtnh = RTNH_NEXT(rtnh);
- }
-
- if (rta->rta_len > RTA_LENGTH(0))
- addattr_l(n, 1024, RTA_MULTIPATH, RTA_DATA(rta), RTA_PAYLOAD(rta));
- return 0;
-}
-
-
-int iproute_modify(int cmd, unsigned flags, int argc, char **argv)
-{
- struct rtnl_handle rth;
- struct {
- struct nlmsghdr n;
- struct rtmsg r;
- char buf[1024];
- } req;
- char mxbuf[256];
- struct rtattr * mxrta = (void*)mxbuf;
- unsigned mxlock = 0;
- char *d = NULL;
- int gw_ok = 0;
- int dst_ok = 0;
- int nhs_ok = 0;
- int scope_ok = 0;
- int table_ok = 0;
- int proto_ok = 0;
- int type_ok = 0;
-
- memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
-
- req.n.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct rtmsg));
- req.n.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST|flags;
- req.n.nlmsg_type = cmd;
- req.r.rtm_family = preferred_family;
- req.r.rtm_table = RT_TABLE_MAIN;
- req.r.rtm_scope = RT_SCOPE_NOWHERE;
-
- if (cmd != RTM_DELROUTE) {
- req.r.rtm_protocol = RTPROT_BOOT;
- req.r.rtm_scope = RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
- req.r.rtm_type = RTN_UNICAST;
- }
-
- mxrta->rta_type = RTA_METRICS;
- mxrta->rta_len = RTA_LENGTH(0);
-
- while (argc > 0) {
- if (strcmp(*argv, "src") == 0) {
- inet_prefix addr;
- NEXT_ARG();
- get_addr(&addr, *argv, req.r.rtm_family);
- if (req.r.rtm_family == AF_UNSPEC)
- req.r.rtm_family = addr.family;
- addattr_l(&req.n, sizeof(req), RTA_PREFSRC, &addr.data, addr.bytelen);
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "via") == 0) {
- inet_prefix addr;
- gw_ok = 1;
- NEXT_ARG();
- get_addr(&addr, *argv, req.r.rtm_family);
- if (req.r.rtm_family == AF_UNSPEC)
- req.r.rtm_family = addr.family;
- addattr_l(&req.n, sizeof(req), RTA_GATEWAY, &addr.data, addr.bytelen);
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "from") == 0) {
- inet_prefix addr;
- NEXT_ARG();
- get_prefix(&addr, *argv, req.r.rtm_family);
- if (req.r.rtm_family == AF_UNSPEC)
- req.r.rtm_family = addr.family;
- if (addr.bytelen)
- addattr_l(&req.n, sizeof(req), RTA_SRC, &addr.data, addr.bytelen);
- req.r.rtm_src_len = addr.bitlen;
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "tos") == 0 ||
- matches(*argv, "dsfield") == 0) {
- __u32 tos;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (rtnl_dsfield_a2n(&tos, *argv))
- invarg("\"tos\" value is invalid\n", *argv);
- req.r.rtm_tos = tos;
- } else if (matches(*argv, "metric") == 0 ||
- matches(*argv, "priority") == 0 ||
- matches(*argv, "preference") == 0) {
- __u32 metric;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (get_u32(&metric, *argv, 0))
- invarg("\"metric\" value is invalid\n", *argv);
- addattr32(&req.n, sizeof(req), RTA_PRIORITY, metric);
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "scope") == 0) {
- int scope = 0;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (rtnl_rtscope_a2n(&scope, *argv))
- invarg("invalid \"scope\" value\n", *argv);
- req.r.rtm_scope = scope;
- scope_ok = 1;
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "mtu") == 0) {
- unsigned mtu;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (strcmp(*argv, "lock") == 0) {
- mxlock |= (1<<RTAX_MTU);
- NEXT_ARG();
- }
- if (get_unsigned(&mtu, *argv, 0))
- invarg("\"mtu\" value is invalid\n", *argv);
- rta_addattr32(mxrta, sizeof(mxbuf), RTAX_MTU, mtu);
-#ifdef RTAX_ADVMSS
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "advmss") == 0) {
- unsigned mss;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (strcmp(*argv, "lock") == 0) {
- mxlock |= (1<<RTAX_ADVMSS);
- NEXT_ARG();
- }
- if (get_unsigned(&mss, *argv, 0))
- invarg("\"mss\" value is invalid\n", *argv);
- rta_addattr32(mxrta, sizeof(mxbuf), RTAX_ADVMSS, mss);
-#endif
-#ifdef RTAX_REORDERING
- } else if (matches(*argv, "reordering") == 0) {
- unsigned reord;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (strcmp(*argv, "lock") == 0) {
- mxlock |= (1<<RTAX_REORDERING);
- NEXT_ARG();
- }
- if (get_unsigned(&reord, *argv, 0))
- invarg("\"reordering\" value is invalid\n", *argv);
- rta_addattr32(mxrta, sizeof(mxbuf), RTAX_REORDERING, reord);
-#endif
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "rtt") == 0) {
- unsigned rtt;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (strcmp(*argv, "lock") == 0) {
- mxlock |= (1<<RTAX_RTT);
- NEXT_ARG();
- }
- if (get_unsigned(&rtt, *argv, 0))
- invarg("\"rtt\" value is invalid\n", *argv);
- rta_addattr32(mxrta, sizeof(mxbuf), RTAX_RTT, rtt);
- } else if (matches(*argv, "window") == 0) {
- unsigned win;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (strcmp(*argv, "lock") == 0) {
- mxlock |= (1<<RTAX_WINDOW);
- NEXT_ARG();
- }
- if (get_unsigned(&win, *argv, 0))
- invarg("\"window\" value is invalid\n", *argv);
- rta_addattr32(mxrta, sizeof(mxbuf), RTAX_WINDOW, win);
- } else if (matches(*argv, "cwnd") == 0) {
- unsigned win;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (strcmp(*argv, "lock") == 0) {
- mxlock |= (1<<RTAX_CWND);
- NEXT_ARG();
- }
- if (get_unsigned(&win, *argv, 0))
- invarg("\"cwnd\" value is invalid\n", *argv);
- rta_addattr32(mxrta, sizeof(mxbuf), RTAX_CWND, win);
- } else if (matches(*argv, "rttvar") == 0) {
- unsigned win;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (strcmp(*argv, "lock") == 0) {
- mxlock |= (1<<RTAX_RTTVAR);
- NEXT_ARG();
- }
- if (get_unsigned(&win, *argv, 0))
- invarg("\"rttvar\" value is invalid\n", *argv);
- rta_addattr32(mxrta, sizeof(mxbuf), RTAX_RTTVAR, win);
- } else if (matches(*argv, "ssthresh") == 0) {
- unsigned win;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (strcmp(*argv, "lock") == 0) {
- mxlock |= (1<<RTAX_SSTHRESH);
- NEXT_ARG();
- }
- if (get_unsigned(&win, *argv, 0))
- invarg("\"ssthresh\" value is invalid\n", *argv);
- rta_addattr32(mxrta, sizeof(mxbuf), RTAX_SSTHRESH, win);
- } else if (matches(*argv, "realms") == 0) {
- __u32 realm;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (get_rt_realms(&realm, *argv))
- invarg("\"realm\" value is invalid\n", *argv);
- addattr32(&req.n, sizeof(req), RTA_FLOW, realm);
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "onlink") == 0) {
- req.r.rtm_flags |= RTNH_F_ONLINK;
- } else if (matches(*argv, "equalize") == 0 ||
- strcmp(*argv, "eql") == 0) {
- req.r.rtm_flags |= RTM_F_EQUALIZE;
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "nexthop") == 0) {
- nhs_ok = 1;
- break;
- } else if (matches(*argv, "protocol") == 0) {
- int prot;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (rtnl_rtprot_a2n(&prot, *argv))
- invarg("\"protocol\" value is invalid\n", *argv);
- req.r.rtm_protocol = prot;
- proto_ok =1;
- } else if (matches(*argv, "table") == 0) {
- int tid;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (rtnl_rttable_a2n(&tid, *argv))
- invarg("\"table\" value is invalid\n", *argv);
- req.r.rtm_table = tid;
- table_ok = 1;
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "dev") == 0 ||
- strcmp(*argv, "oif") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- d = *argv;
- } else {
- int type;
- inet_prefix dst;
-
- if (strcmp(*argv, "to") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- }
- if ((**argv < '0' || **argv > '9') &&
- rtnl_rtntype_a2n(&type, *argv) == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- req.r.rtm_type = type;
- type_ok = 1;
- }
-
- if (matches(*argv, "help") == 0)
- usage();
- if (dst_ok)
- duparg2("to", *argv);
- get_prefix(&dst, *argv, req.r.rtm_family);
- if (req.r.rtm_family == AF_UNSPEC)
- req.r.rtm_family = dst.family;
- req.r.rtm_dst_len = dst.bitlen;
- dst_ok = 1;
- if (dst.bytelen)
- addattr_l(&req.n, sizeof(req), RTA_DST, &dst.data, dst.bytelen);
- }
- argc--; argv++;
- }
-
- if (rtnl_open(&rth, 0) < 0)
- exit(1);
-
- if (d || nhs_ok) {
- int idx;
-
- ll_init_map(&rth);
-
- if (d) {
- if ((idx = ll_name_to_index(d)) == 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find device \"%s\"\n", d);
- return -1;
- }
- addattr32(&req.n, sizeof(req), RTA_OIF, idx);
- }
- }
-
- if (mxrta->rta_len > RTA_LENGTH(0)) {
- if (mxlock)
- rta_addattr32(mxrta, sizeof(mxbuf), RTAX_LOCK, mxlock);
- addattr_l(&req.n, sizeof(req), RTA_METRICS, RTA_DATA(mxrta), RTA_PAYLOAD(mxrta));
- }
-
- if (nhs_ok)
- parse_nexthops(&req.n, &req.r, argc, argv);
-
- if (!table_ok) {
- if (req.r.rtm_type == RTN_LOCAL ||
- req.r.rtm_type == RTN_BROADCAST ||
- req.r.rtm_type == RTN_NAT ||
- req.r.rtm_type == RTN_ANYCAST)
- req.r.rtm_table = RT_TABLE_LOCAL;
- }
- if (!scope_ok) {
- if (req.r.rtm_type == RTN_LOCAL ||
- req.r.rtm_type == RTN_NAT)
- req.r.rtm_scope = RT_SCOPE_HOST;
- else if (req.r.rtm_type == RTN_BROADCAST ||
- req.r.rtm_type == RTN_MULTICAST ||
- req.r.rtm_type == RTN_ANYCAST)
- req.r.rtm_scope = RT_SCOPE_LINK;
- else if (req.r.rtm_type == RTN_UNICAST ||
- req.r.rtm_type == RTN_UNSPEC) {
- if (cmd == RTM_DELROUTE)
- req.r.rtm_scope = RT_SCOPE_NOWHERE;
- else if (!gw_ok && !nhs_ok)
- req.r.rtm_scope = RT_SCOPE_LINK;
- }
- }
-
- if (req.r.rtm_family == AF_UNSPEC)
- req.r.rtm_family = AF_INET;
-
- if (rtnl_talk(&rth, &req.n, 0, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL) < 0)
- exit(2);
-
- return 0;
-}
-
-static int rtnl_rtcache_request(struct rtnl_handle *rth, int family)
-{
- struct {
- struct nlmsghdr nlh;
- struct rtmsg rtm;
- } req;
- struct sockaddr_nl nladdr;
-
- memset(&nladdr, 0, sizeof(nladdr));
- memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
- nladdr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
-
- req.nlh.nlmsg_len = sizeof(req);
- req.nlh.nlmsg_type = RTM_GETROUTE;
- req.nlh.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_ROOT|NLM_F_REQUEST;
- req.nlh.nlmsg_pid = 0;
- req.nlh.nlmsg_seq = rth->dump = ++rth->seq;
- req.rtm.rtm_family = family;
- req.rtm.rtm_flags |= RTM_F_CLONED;
-
- return sendto(rth->fd, (void*)&req, sizeof(req), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&nladdr, sizeof(nladdr));
-}
-
-static int iproute_flush_cache(void)
-{
-#define ROUTE_FLUSH_PATH "/proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/flush"
-
- int len;
- int flush_fd = open (ROUTE_FLUSH_PATH, O_WRONLY);
- char *buffer = "-1";
-
- if (flush_fd < 0) {
- fprintf (stderr, "Cannot open \"%s\"\n", ROUTE_FLUSH_PATH);
- return -1;
- }
-
- len = strlen (buffer);
-
- if ((write (flush_fd, (void *)buffer, len)) < len) {
- fprintf (stderr, "Cannot flush routing cache\n");
- return -1;
- }
- close(flush_fd);
- return 0;
-}
-
-
-static int iproute_list_or_flush(int argc, char **argv, int flush)
-{
- int do_ipv6 = preferred_family;
- struct rtnl_handle rth;
- char *id = NULL;
- char *od = NULL;
-
- iproute_reset_filter();
- filter.tb = RT_TABLE_MAIN;
-
- if (flush && argc <= 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "\"ip route flush\" requires arguments.\n");
- return -1;
- }
-
- while (argc > 0) {
- if (matches(*argv, "table") == 0) {
- int tid;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (rtnl_rttable_a2n(&tid, *argv)) {
- if (strcmp(*argv, "all") == 0) {
- tid = 0;
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "cache") == 0) {
- tid = -1;
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "help") == 0) {
- usage();
- } else {
- invarg("table id value is invalid\n", *argv);
- }
- }
- filter.tb = tid;
- } else if (matches(*argv, "cached") == 0 ||
- matches(*argv, "cloned") == 0) {
- filter.tb = -1;
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "tos") == 0 ||
- matches(*argv, "dsfield") == 0) {
- __u32 tos;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (rtnl_dsfield_a2n(&tos, *argv))
- invarg("TOS value is invalid\n", *argv);
- filter.tos = tos;
- filter.tosmask = -1;
- } else if (matches(*argv, "protocol") == 0) {
- int prot = 0;
- NEXT_ARG();
- filter.protocolmask = -1;
- if (rtnl_rtprot_a2n(&prot, *argv)) {
- if (strcmp(*argv, "all") != 0)
- invarg("invalid \"protocol\"\n", *argv);
- prot = 0;
- filter.protocolmask = 0;
- }
- filter.protocol = prot;
- } else if (matches(*argv, "scope") == 0) {
- int scope = 0;
- NEXT_ARG();
- filter.scopemask = -1;
- if (rtnl_rtscope_a2n(&scope, *argv)) {
- if (strcmp(*argv, "all") != 0)
- invarg("invalid \"scope\"\n", *argv);
- scope = RT_SCOPE_NOWHERE;
- filter.scopemask = 0;
- }
- filter.scope = scope;
- } else if (matches(*argv, "type") == 0) {
- int type;
- NEXT_ARG();
- filter.typemask = -1;
- if (rtnl_rtntype_a2n(&type, *argv))
- invarg("node type value is invalid\n", *argv);
- filter.type = type;
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "dev") == 0 ||
- strcmp(*argv, "oif") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- od = *argv;
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "iif") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- id = *argv;
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "via") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- get_prefix(&filter.rvia, *argv, do_ipv6);
- } else if (strcmp(*argv, "src") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- get_prefix(&filter.rprefsrc, *argv, do_ipv6);
- } else if (matches(*argv, "realms") == 0) {
- __u32 realm;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (get_rt_realms(&realm, *argv))
- invarg("invalid realms\n", *argv);
- filter.realm = realm;
- filter.realmmask = ~0U;
- if ((filter.realm&0xFFFF) == 0 &&
- (*argv)[strlen(*argv) - 1] == '/')
- filter.realmmask &= ~0xFFFF;
- if ((filter.realm&0xFFFF0000U) == 0 &&
- (strchr(*argv, '/') == NULL ||
- (*argv)[0] == '/'))
- filter.realmmask &= ~0xFFFF0000U;
- } else if (matches(*argv, "from") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (matches(*argv, "root") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- get_prefix(&filter.rsrc, *argv, do_ipv6);
- } else if (matches(*argv, "match") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- get_prefix(&filter.msrc, *argv, do_ipv6);
- } else {
- if (matches(*argv, "exact") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- }
- get_prefix(&filter.msrc, *argv, do_ipv6);
- filter.rsrc = filter.msrc;
- }
- } else {
- if (matches(*argv, "to") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- }
- if (matches(*argv, "root") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- get_prefix(&filter.rdst, *argv, do_ipv6);
- } else if (matches(*argv, "match") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- get_prefix(&filter.mdst, *argv, do_ipv6);
- } else {
- if (matches(*argv, "exact") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- }
- get_prefix(&filter.mdst, *argv, do_ipv6);
- filter.rdst = filter.mdst;
- }
- }
- argc--; argv++;
- }
-
- if (do_ipv6 == AF_UNSPEC && filter.tb)
- do_ipv6 = AF_INET;
-
- if (rtnl_open(&rth, 0) < 0)
- exit(1);
-
- ll_init_map(&rth);
-
- if (id || od) {
- int idx;
-
- if (id) {
- if ((idx = ll_name_to_index(id)) == 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find device \"%s\"\n", id);
- return -1;
- }
- filter.iif = idx;
- filter.iifmask = -1;
- }
- if (od) {
- if ((idx = ll_name_to_index(od)) == 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find device \"%s\"\n", od);
- return -1;
- }
- filter.oif = idx;
- filter.oifmask = -1;
- }
- }
-
- if (flush) {
- int round = 0;
- char flushb[4096-512];
- time_t start = time(0);
-
- if (filter.tb == -1) {
- if (do_ipv6 != AF_INET6) {
- iproute_flush_cache();
- if (show_stats)
- printf("*** IPv4 routing cache is flushed.\n");
- }
- if (do_ipv6 == AF_INET)
- return 0;
- }
-
- filter.flushb = flushb;
- filter.flushp = 0;
- filter.flushe = sizeof(flushb);
- filter.rth = &rth;
-
- for (;;) {
- if (rtnl_wilddump_request(&rth, do_ipv6, RTM_GETROUTE) < 0) {
- perror("Cannot send dump request");
- exit(1);
- }
- filter.flushed = 0;
- if (rtnl_dump_filter(&rth, print_route, stdout, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Flush terminated\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- if (filter.flushed == 0) {
- if (round == 0) {
- if (filter.tb != -1 || do_ipv6 == AF_INET6)
- fprintf(stderr, "Nothing to flush.\n");
- } else if (show_stats)
- printf("*** Flush is complete after %d round%s ***\n", round, round>1?"s":"");
- fflush(stdout);
- return 0;
- }
- round++;
- if (flush_update() < 0)
- exit(1);
-
- if (time(0) - start > 30) {
- printf("\n*** Flush not completed after %ld seconds, %d entries remain ***\n",
- time(0) - start, filter.flushed);
- exit(1);
- }
-
- if (show_stats) {
- printf("\n*** Round %d, deleting %d entries ***\n", round, filter.flushed);
- fflush(stdout);
- }
- }
- }
-
- if (filter.tb != -1) {
- if (rtnl_wilddump_request(&rth, do_ipv6, RTM_GETROUTE) < 0) {
- perror("Cannot send dump request");
- exit(1);
- }
- } else {
- if (rtnl_rtcache_request(&rth, do_ipv6) < 0) {
- perror("Cannot send dump request");
- exit(1);
- }
- }
-
- if (rtnl_dump_filter(&rth, print_route, stdout, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Dump terminated\n");
- exit(1);
- }
-
- exit(0);
-}
-
-
-int iproute_get(int argc, char **argv)
-{
- struct rtnl_handle rth;
- struct {
- struct nlmsghdr n;
- struct rtmsg r;
- char buf[1024];
- } req;
- char *idev = NULL;
- char *odev = NULL;
- int connected = 0;
- int from_ok = 0;
-
- memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
-
- iproute_reset_filter();
-
- req.n.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct rtmsg));
- req.n.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST;
- req.n.nlmsg_type = RTM_GETROUTE;
- req.r.rtm_family = preferred_family;
- req.r.rtm_table = 0;
- req.r.rtm_protocol = 0;
- req.r.rtm_scope = 0;
- req.r.rtm_type = 0;
- req.r.rtm_src_len = 0;
- req.r.rtm_dst_len = 0;
- req.r.rtm_tos = 0;
-
- while (argc > 0) {
- if (strcmp(*argv, "tos") == 0 ||
- matches(*argv, "dsfield") == 0) {
- __u32 tos;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (rtnl_dsfield_a2n(&tos, *argv))
- invarg("TOS value is invalid\n", *argv);
- req.r.rtm_tos = tos;
- } else if (matches(*argv, "from") == 0) {
- inet_prefix addr;
- NEXT_ARG();
- if (matches(*argv, "help") == 0)
- usage();
- from_ok = 1;
- get_prefix(&addr, *argv, req.r.rtm_family);
- if (req.r.rtm_family == AF_UNSPEC)
- req.r.rtm_family = addr.family;
- if (addr.bytelen)
- addattr_l(&req.n, sizeof(req), RTA_SRC, &addr.data, addr.bytelen);
- req.r.rtm_src_len = addr.bitlen;
- } else if (matches(*argv, "iif") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- idev = *argv;
- } else if (matches(*argv, "oif") == 0 ||
- strcmp(*argv, "dev") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- odev = *argv;
- } else if (matches(*argv, "notify") == 0) {
- req.r.rtm_flags |= RTM_F_NOTIFY;
- } else if (matches(*argv, "connected") == 0) {
- connected = 1;
- } else {
- inet_prefix addr;
- if (strcmp(*argv, "to") == 0) {
- NEXT_ARG();
- }
- if (matches(*argv, "help") == 0)
- usage();
- get_prefix(&addr, *argv, req.r.rtm_family);
- if (req.r.rtm_family == AF_UNSPEC)
- req.r.rtm_family = addr.family;
- if (addr.bytelen)
- addattr_l(&req.n, sizeof(req), RTA_DST, &addr.data, addr.bytelen);
- req.r.rtm_dst_len = addr.bitlen;
- }
- argc--; argv++;
- }
-
- if (req.r.rtm_dst_len == 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "need at least destination address\n");
- exit(1);
- }
-
- if (rtnl_open(&rth, 0) < 0)
- exit(1);
-
- ll_init_map(&rth);
-
- if (idev || odev) {
- int idx;
-
- if (idev) {
- if ((idx = ll_name_to_index(idev)) == 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find device \"%s\"\n", idev);
- return -1;
- }
- addattr32(&req.n, sizeof(req), RTA_IIF, idx);
- }
- if (odev) {
- if ((idx = ll_name_to_index(odev)) == 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find device \"%s\"\n", odev);
- return -1;
- }
- addattr32(&req.n, sizeof(req), RTA_OIF, idx);
- }
- }
-
- if (req.r.rtm_family == AF_UNSPEC)
- req.r.rtm_family = AF_INET;
-
- if (rtnl_talk(&rth, &req.n, 0, 0, &req.n, NULL, NULL) < 0)
- exit(2);
-
- if (connected && !from_ok) {
- struct rtmsg *r = NLMSG_DATA(&req.n);
- int len = req.n.nlmsg_len;
- struct rtattr * tb[RTA_MAX+1];
-
- if (print_route(NULL, &req.n, (void*)stdout) < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "An error :-)\n");
- exit(1);
- }
-
- if (req.n.nlmsg_type != RTM_NEWROUTE) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Not a route?\n");
- return -1;
- }
- len -= NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(*r));
- if (len < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Wrong len %d\n", len);
- return -1;
- }
-
- parse_rtattr(tb, RTA_MAX, RTM_RTA(r), len);
-
- if (tb[RTA_PREFSRC]) {
- tb[RTA_PREFSRC]->rta_type = RTA_SRC;
- r->rtm_src_len = 8*RTA_PAYLOAD(tb[RTA_PREFSRC]);
- } else if (!tb[RTA_SRC]) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Failed to connect the route\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if (!odev && tb[RTA_OIF])
- tb[RTA_OIF]->rta_type = 0;
- if (tb[RTA_GATEWAY])
- tb[RTA_GATEWAY]->rta_type = 0;
- if (!idev && tb[RTA_IIF])
- tb[RTA_IIF]->rta_type = 0;
- req.n.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST;
- req.n.nlmsg_type = RTM_GETROUTE;
-
- if (rtnl_talk(&rth, &req.n, 0, 0, &req.n, NULL, NULL) < 0)
- exit(2);
- }
-
- if (print_route(NULL, &req.n, (void*)stdout) < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "An error :-)\n");
- exit(1);
- }
-
- exit(0);
-}
-
-void iproute_reset_filter()
-{
- memset(&filter, 0, sizeof(filter));
- filter.mdst.bitlen = -1;
- filter.msrc.bitlen = -1;
-}
-
-int do_iproute(int argc, char **argv)
-{
- if (argc < 1)
- return iproute_list_or_flush(0, NULL, 0);
-
- if (matches(*argv, "add") == 0)
- return iproute_modify(RTM_NEWROUTE, NLM_F_CREATE|NLM_F_EXCL,
- argc-1, argv+1);
- if (matches(*argv, "change") == 0 || strcmp(*argv, "chg") == 0)
- return iproute_modify(RTM_NEWROUTE, NLM_F_REPLACE,
- argc-1, argv+1);
- if (matches(*argv, "replace") == 0)
- return iproute_modify(RTM_NEWROUTE, NLM_F_CREATE|NLM_F_REPLACE,
- argc-1, argv+1);
- if (matches(*argv, "prepend") == 0)
- return iproute_modify(RTM_NEWROUTE, NLM_F_CREATE,
- argc-1, argv+1);
- if (matches(*argv, "append") == 0)
- return iproute_modify(RTM_NEWROUTE, NLM_F_CREATE|NLM_F_APPEND,
- argc-1, argv+1);
- if (matches(*argv, "test") == 0)
- return iproute_modify(RTM_NEWROUTE, NLM_F_EXCL,
- argc-1, argv+1);
- if (matches(*argv, "delete") == 0)
- return iproute_modify(RTM_DELROUTE, 0,
- argc-1, argv+1);
- if (matches(*argv, "list") == 0 || matches(*argv, "show") == 0
- || matches(*argv, "lst") == 0)
- return iproute_list_or_flush(argc-1, argv+1, 0);
- if (matches(*argv, "get") == 0)
- return iproute_get(argc-1, argv+1);
- if (matches(*argv, "flush") == 0)
- return iproute_list_or_flush(argc-1, argv+1, 1);
- if (matches(*argv, "help") == 0)
- usage();
- fprintf(stderr, "Command \"%s\" is unknown, try \"ip route help\".\n", *argv);
- exit(-1);
-}
-
--- /dev/null
+%define name iproute
+%define version 2.6.16
+%define release 1%{?pldistro:.%{pldistro}}%{?date:.%{date}}
+
+Vendor: PlanetLab
+Packager: PlanetLab Central <support@planet-lab.org>
+Distribution: PlanetLab 3.0
+URL: http://cvs.planet-lab.org/cvs/iptables
+
+Summary: Advanced IP routing and network device configuration tools.
+Name: %{name}
+Version: %{version}
+Release: %{release}
+Group: Applications/System
+#Source: http://developer.osdl.org/dev/iproute2/download/iproute2-%{version}-050314.tar.gz
+#URL: http://developer.osdl.org/dev/iproute2/
+Source: %{name}-%{version}.tar.gz
+%define SOURCE1 ip.8
+%define SOURCE2 tc.8
+%define SOURCE3 tc-cbq.8
+%define SOURCE4 tc-cbq-details.8
+%define SOURCE5 tc-htb.8
+%define SOURCE6 tc-pbfifo.8
+%define SOURCE7 tc-pfifo_fast.8
+%define SOURCE8 tc-prio.8
+%define SOURCE9 tc-red.8
+%define SOURCE10 tc-sfq.8
+%define SOURCE11 tc-tbf.8
+License: GNU GPL
+BuildRoot: %{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-root
+BuildPrereq: tetex-latex tetex-dvips psutils linuxdoc-tools db4-devel bison
+
+%description
+The iproute package contains networking utilities (ip and rtmon, for
+example) which are designed to use the advanced networking
+capabilities of the Linux 2.4.x and 2.6.x kernel.
+
+%prep
+%setup -q
+
+%build
+make
+make -C doc
+
+%install
+#rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
+[ "$RPM_BUILD_ROOT" != "/" ] && rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
+
+mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/sbin \
+ $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_sbindir} \
+ $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_mandir}/man8 \
+ $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/etc/iproute2 \
+ $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_libdir}/tc
+
+install -m 755 ip/ip ip/ifcfg ip/rtmon tc/tc $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/sbin
+install -m 755 misc/ss misc/nstat misc/rtacct misc/lnstat misc/arpd $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_sbindir}
+install -m 755 tc/q_netem.so $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_libdir}/tc
+install -m 644 netem/normal.dist netem/pareto.dist netem/paretonormal.dist $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_libdir}/tc
+install -m 644 %{SOURCE1} $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_mandir}/man8
+install -m 644 %{SOURCE2} $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_mandir}/man8
+install -m 644 %{SOURCE3} $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_mandir}/man8
+install -m 644 %{SOURCE4} $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_mandir}/man8
+install -m 644 %{SOURCE5} $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_mandir}/man8
+install -m 644 %{SOURCE6} $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_mandir}/man8
+install -m 644 %{SOURCE7} $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_mandir}/man8
+install -m 644 %{SOURCE8} $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_mandir}/man8
+install -m 644 %{SOURCE9} $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_mandir}/man8
+install -m 644 %{SOURCE10} $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_mandir}/man8
+install -m 644 %{SOURCE11} $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_mandir}/man8
+
+cp -f etc/iproute2/* $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/etc/iproute2
+rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_libdir}/debug/*
+
+%clean
+#rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
+[ "$RPM_BUILD_ROOT" != "/" ] && rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
+
+%files
+%defattr(-,root,root)
+%dir /etc/iproute2
+%doc README.decnet README.iproute2+tc RELNOTES
+%doc doc/*.ps examples
+/sbin/*
+%{_mandir}/man8/*
+%attr(644,root,root) %config(noreplace) /etc/iproute2/*
+%{_sbindir}/*
+%{_libdir}/tc/*
+
+%changelog
+* Tue Mar 15 2005 Radek Vokal <rvokal@redhat.com> 2.6.11-1
+- update to iproute-2.6.11
+
+* Fri Mar 04 2005 Radek Vokal <rvokal@redhat.com> 2.6.10-2
+- gcc4 rebuilt
+
+* Wed Feb 16 2005 Radek Vokal <rvokal@redhat.com> 2.6.10-1
+- update to iproute-2.6.10
+
+* Thu Dec 23 2004 Radek Vokal <rvokal@redhat.com> 2.6.9-6
+- added arpd into sbin
+
+* Mon Nov 29 2004 Radek Vokal <rvokal@redhat.com> 2.6.9-5
+- debug info removed from makefile and from spec (#140891)
+
+* Tue Nov 16 2004 Radek Vokal <rvokal@redhat.com> 2.6.9-4
+- source file updated from snapshot version
+- endian patch adding <endian.h>
+
+* Sat Sep 18 2004 Joshua Blanton <jblanton@cs.ohiou.edu> 2.6.9-3
+- added installation of netem module for tc
+
+* Mon Sep 06 2004 Radek Vokal <rvokal@redhat.com> 2.6.9-2
+- fixed possible buffer owerflow, path by Steve Grubb <linux_4ever@yahoo.com>
+
+* Wed Sep 01 2004 Radek Vokal <rvokal@redhat.com> 2.6.9-1
+- updated to iproute-2.6.9, spec file change, patches cleared
+
+* Tue Jun 15 2004 Elliot Lee <sopwith@redhat.com>
+- rebuilt
+
+* Wed May 26 2004 Phil Knirsch <pknirsch@redhat.com> 2.4.7-16
+- Took tons of manpages from debian, much more complete (#123952).
+
+* Thu May 06 2004 Phil Knirsch <pknirsch@redhat.com> 2.4.7-15
+- rebuilt
+
+* Thu May 06 2004 Phil Knirsch <pknirsch@redhat.com> 2.4.7-13.2
+- Built security errata version for FC1.
+
+* Wed Apr 21 2004 Phil Knirsch <pknirsch@redhat.com> 2.4.7-14
+- Fixed -f option for ss (#118355).
+- Small description fix (#110997).
+- Added initialization of some vars (#74961).
+- Added patch to initialize "default" rule as well (#60693).
+
+* Fri Feb 13 2004 Elliot Lee <sopwith@redhat.com>
+- rebuilt
+
+* Wed Nov 05 2003 Phil Knirsch <pknirsch@redhat.com> 2.4.7-12
+- Security errata for netlink (CAN-2003-0856).
+
+* Thu Oct 23 2003 Phil Knirsch <pknirsch@redhat.com>
+- Updated to latest version. Used by other distros, so seems stable. ;-)
+- Quite a few patches needed updating in that turn.
+- Added ss (#107363) and several other new nifty tools.
+
+* Tue Jun 17 2003 Phil Knirsch <pknirsch@redhat.com>
+- rebuilt
+
+* Wed Jun 04 2003 Elliot Lee <sopwith@redhat.com>
+- rebuilt
+
+* Wed Jan 22 2003 Tim Powers <timp@redhat.com>
+- rebuilt
+
+* Thu Jan 16 2003 Phil Knirsch <pknirsch@redhat.com> 2.4.7-7
+- Added htb3-tc patch from http://luxik.cdi.cz/~devik/qos/htb/ (#75486).
+
+* Fri Oct 11 2002 Bill Nottingham <notting@redhat.com> 2.4.7-6
+- remove flags patch at author's request
+
+* Fri Jun 21 2002 Tim Powers <timp@redhat.com>
+- automated rebuild
+
+* Wed Jun 19 2002 Phil Knirsch <pknirsch@redhat.com> 2.4.7-4
+- Don't forcibly strip binaries
+
+* Mon May 27 2002 Phil Knirsch <pknirsch@redhat.com> 2.4.7-3
+- Fixed missing diffserv and atm support in config (#57278).
+- Fixed inconsistent numeric base problem for command line (#65473).
+
+* Tue May 14 2002 Phil Knirsch <pknirsch@redhat.com> 2.4.7-2
+- Added patch to fix crosscompiling by Adrian Linkins.
+
+* Fri Mar 15 2002 Phil Knirsch <pknirsch@redhat.com> 2.4.7-1
+- Update to latest stable release 2.4.7-now-ss010824.
+- Added simple man page for ip.
+
+* Wed Aug 8 2001 Bill Nottingham <notting@redhat.com>
+- allow setting of allmulti & promisc flags (#48669)
+
+* Mon Jul 02 2001 Than Ngo <than@redhat.com>
+- fix build problem in beehive if kernel-sources is not installed
+
+* Fri May 25 2001 Helge Deller <hdeller@redhat.de>
+- updated to iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss001007.tar.gz
+- bzip2 source tar file
+- "License" replaces "Copyright"
+- added "BuildPrereq: tetex-latex tetex-dvips psutils"
+- rebuilt for 7.2
+
+* Tue May 1 2001 Bill Nottingham <notting@redhat.com>
+- use the system headers - the included ones are broken
+- ETH_P_ECHO went away
+
+* Sat Jan 6 2001 Jeff Johnson <jbj@redhat.com>
+- test for specific KERNEL_INCLUDE directories.
+
+* Thu Oct 12 2000 Than Ngo <than@redhat.com>
+- rebuild for 7.1
+
+* Thu Oct 12 2000 Than Ngo <than@redhat.com>
+- add default configuration files for iproute (Bug #10549, #18887)
+
+* Tue Jul 25 2000 Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
+- fix include-glibc/ to cope with glibc 2.2 new resolver headers
+
+* Thu Jul 13 2000 Prospector <bugzilla@redhat.com>
+- automatic rebuild
+
+* Sun Jun 18 2000 Than Ngo <than@redhat.de>
+- rebuilt in the new build environment
+- use RPM macros
+- handle RPM_OPT_FLAGS
+
+* Sat Jun 03 2000 Than Ngo <than@redhat.de>
+- fix iproute to build with new glibc
+
+* Fri May 26 2000 Ngo Than <than@redhat.de>
+- update to 2.2.4-now-ss000305
+- add configuration files
+
+* Mon Sep 13 1999 Bill Nottingham <notting@redhat.com>
+- strip binaries
+
+* Mon Aug 16 1999 Cristian Gafton <gafton@redhat.com>
+- first build
+++ /dev/null
-/* A Bison parser, made by GNU Bison 1.875c. */
-
-/* Skeleton parser for Yacc-like parsing with Bison,
- Copyright (C) 1984, 1989, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
- any later version.
-
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
- Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
-
-/* As a special exception, when this file is copied by Bison into a
- Bison output file, you may use that output file without restriction.
- This special exception was added by the Free Software Foundation
- in version 1.24 of Bison. */
-
-/* Written by Richard Stallman by simplifying the original so called
- ``semantic'' parser. */
-
-/* All symbols defined below should begin with yy or YY, to avoid
- infringing on user name space. This should be done even for local
- variables, as they might otherwise be expanded by user macros.
- There are some unavoidable exceptions within include files to
- define necessary library symbols; they are noted "INFRINGES ON
- USER NAME SPACE" below. */
-
-/* Identify Bison output. */
-#define YYBISON 1
-
-/* Skeleton name. */
-#define YYSKELETON_NAME "yacc.c"
-
-/* Pure parsers. */
-#define YYPURE 0
-
-/* Using locations. */
-#define YYLSP_NEEDED 0
-
-
-
-/* Tokens. */
-#ifndef YYTOKENTYPE
-# define YYTOKENTYPE
- /* Put the tokens into the symbol table, so that GDB and other debuggers
- know about them. */
- enum yytokentype {
- HOSTCOND = 258,
- DCOND = 259,
- SCOND = 260,
- DPORT = 261,
- SPORT = 262,
- LEQ = 263,
- GEQ = 264,
- NEQ = 265,
- AUTOBOUND = 266
- };
-#endif
-#define HOSTCOND 258
-#define DCOND 259
-#define SCOND 260
-#define DPORT 261
-#define SPORT 262
-#define LEQ 263
-#define GEQ 264
-#define NEQ 265
-#define AUTOBOUND 266
-
-
-
-
-/* Copy the first part of user declarations. */
-#line 1 "ssfilter.y"
-
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <malloc.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include "ssfilter.h"
-
-typedef struct ssfilter * ssfilter_t;
-
-#define YYSTYPE ssfilter_t
-
-static struct ssfilter * alloc_node(int type, void *pred)
-{
- struct ssfilter *n = malloc(sizeof(*n));
- if (n == NULL)
- abort();
- n->type = type;
- n->pred = pred;
- n->post = NULL;
- return n;
-}
-
-static char **yy_argv;
-static int yy_argc;
-static FILE *yy_fp;
-static ssfilter_t *yy_ret;
-
-static int yylex(void);
-
-static void yyerror(char *s)
-{
- fprintf(stderr, "ss: bison bellows (while parsing filter): \"%s!\"", s);
-}
-
-
-
-/* Enabling traces. */
-#ifndef YYDEBUG
-# define YYDEBUG 0
-#endif
-
-/* Enabling verbose error messages. */
-#ifdef YYERROR_VERBOSE
-# undef YYERROR_VERBOSE
-# define YYERROR_VERBOSE 1
-#else
-# define YYERROR_VERBOSE 0
-#endif
-
-#if ! defined (YYSTYPE) && ! defined (YYSTYPE_IS_DECLARED)
-typedef int YYSTYPE;
-# define yystype YYSTYPE /* obsolescent; will be withdrawn */
-# define YYSTYPE_IS_DECLARED 1
-# define YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL 1
-#endif
-
-
-
-/* Copy the second part of user declarations. */
-
-
-/* Line 214 of yacc.c. */
-#line 146 "ssfilter.c"
-
-#if ! defined (yyoverflow) || YYERROR_VERBOSE
-
-# ifndef YYFREE
-# define YYFREE free
-# endif
-# ifndef YYMALLOC
-# define YYMALLOC malloc
-# endif
-
-/* The parser invokes alloca or malloc; define the necessary symbols. */
-
-# ifdef YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA
-# if YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA
-# define YYSTACK_ALLOC alloca
-# endif
-# else
-# if defined (alloca) || defined (_ALLOCA_H)
-# define YYSTACK_ALLOC alloca
-# else
-# ifdef __GNUC__
-# define YYSTACK_ALLOC __builtin_alloca
-# endif
-# endif
-# endif
-
-# ifdef YYSTACK_ALLOC
- /* Pacify GCC's `empty if-body' warning. */
-# define YYSTACK_FREE(Ptr) do { /* empty */; } while (0)
-# else
-# if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
-# include <stdlib.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
-# define YYSIZE_T size_t
-# endif
-# define YYSTACK_ALLOC YYMALLOC
-# define YYSTACK_FREE YYFREE
-# endif
-#endif /* ! defined (yyoverflow) || YYERROR_VERBOSE */
-
-
-#if (! defined (yyoverflow) \
- && (! defined (__cplusplus) \
- || (defined (YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL) && YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL)))
-
-/* A type that is properly aligned for any stack member. */
-union yyalloc
-{
- short yyss;
- YYSTYPE yyvs;
- };
-
-/* The size of the maximum gap between one aligned stack and the next. */
-# define YYSTACK_GAP_MAXIMUM (sizeof (union yyalloc) - 1)
-
-/* The size of an array large to enough to hold all stacks, each with
- N elements. */
-# define YYSTACK_BYTES(N) \
- ((N) * (sizeof (short) + sizeof (YYSTYPE)) \
- + YYSTACK_GAP_MAXIMUM)
-
-/* Copy COUNT objects from FROM to TO. The source and destination do
- not overlap. */
-# ifndef YYCOPY
-# if defined (__GNUC__) && 1 < __GNUC__
-# define YYCOPY(To, From, Count) \
- __builtin_memcpy (To, From, (Count) * sizeof (*(From)))
-# else
-# define YYCOPY(To, From, Count) \
- do \
- { \
- register YYSIZE_T yyi; \
- for (yyi = 0; yyi < (Count); yyi++) \
- (To)[yyi] = (From)[yyi]; \
- } \
- while (0)
-# endif
-# endif
-
-/* Relocate STACK from its old location to the new one. The
- local variables YYSIZE and YYSTACKSIZE give the old and new number of
- elements in the stack, and YYPTR gives the new location of the
- stack. Advance YYPTR to a properly aligned location for the next
- stack. */
-# define YYSTACK_RELOCATE(Stack) \
- do \
- { \
- YYSIZE_T yynewbytes; \
- YYCOPY (&yyptr->Stack, Stack, yysize); \
- Stack = &yyptr->Stack; \
- yynewbytes = yystacksize * sizeof (*Stack) + YYSTACK_GAP_MAXIMUM; \
- yyptr += yynewbytes / sizeof (*yyptr); \
- } \
- while (0)
-
-#endif
-
-#if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
- typedef signed char yysigned_char;
-#else
- typedef short yysigned_char;
-#endif
-
-/* YYFINAL -- State number of the termination state. */
-#define YYFINAL 3
-/* YYLAST -- Last index in YYTABLE. */
-#define YYLAST 90
-
-/* YYNTOKENS -- Number of terminals. */
-#define YYNTOKENS 20
-/* YYNNTS -- Number of nonterminals. */
-#define YYNNTS 4
-/* YYNRULES -- Number of rules. */
-#define YYNRULES 24
-/* YYNRULES -- Number of states. */
-#define YYNSTATES 46
-
-/* YYTRANSLATE(YYLEX) -- Bison symbol number corresponding to YYLEX. */
-#define YYUNDEFTOK 2
-#define YYMAXUTOK 266
-
-#define YYTRANSLATE(YYX) \
- ((unsigned int) (YYX) <= YYMAXUTOK ? yytranslate[YYX] : YYUNDEFTOK)
-
-/* YYTRANSLATE[YYLEX] -- Bison symbol number corresponding to YYLEX. */
-static const unsigned char yytranslate[] =
-{
- 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 14, 2, 2, 2, 2, 13, 2,
- 18, 19, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 16, 17, 15, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 12, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
- 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4,
- 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
-};
-
-#if YYDEBUG
-/* YYPRHS[YYN] -- Index of the first RHS symbol of rule number YYN in
- YYRHS. */
-static const unsigned char yyprhs[] =
-{
- 0, 0, 3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15, 19, 23,
- 27, 31, 35, 39, 43, 47, 51, 55, 59, 63,
- 65, 69, 72, 76, 79
-};
-
-/* YYRHS -- A `-1'-separated list of the rules' RHS. */
-static const yysigned_char yyrhs[] =
-{
- 21, 0, -1, 22, 23, -1, 22, -1, -1, 4,
- 3, -1, 5, 3, -1, 6, 9, 3, -1, 6,
- 8, 3, -1, 6, 15, 3, -1, 6, 16, 3,
- -1, 6, 17, 3, -1, 6, 10, 3, -1, 7,
- 9, 3, -1, 7, 8, 3, -1, 7, 15, 3,
- -1, 7, 16, 3, -1, 7, 17, 3, -1, 7,
- 10, 3, -1, 11, -1, 23, 12, 23, -1, 23,
- 23, -1, 23, 13, 23, -1, 14, 23, -1, 18,
- 23, 19, -1
-};
-
-/* YYRLINE[YYN] -- source line where rule number YYN was defined. */
-static const unsigned char yyrline[] =
-{
- 0, 44, 44, 49, 51, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69,
- 73, 77, 81, 86, 90, 94, 98, 102, 106, 111,
- 115, 120, 125, 131, 135
-};
-#endif
-
-#if YYDEBUG || YYERROR_VERBOSE
-/* YYTNME[SYMBOL-NUM] -- String name of the symbol SYMBOL-NUM.
- First, the terminals, then, starting at YYNTOKENS, nonterminals. */
-static const char *const yytname[] =
-{
- "$end", "error", "$undefined", "HOSTCOND", "DCOND", "SCOND", "DPORT",
- "SPORT", "LEQ", "GEQ", "NEQ", "AUTOBOUND", "'|'", "'&'", "'!'", "'>'",
- "'<'", "'='", "'('", "')'", "$accept", "applet", "null", "expr", 0
-};
-#endif
-
-# ifdef YYPRINT
-/* YYTOKNUM[YYLEX-NUM] -- Internal token number corresponding to
- token YYLEX-NUM. */
-static const unsigned short yytoknum[] =
-{
- 0, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264,
- 265, 266, 124, 38, 33, 62, 60, 61, 40, 41
-};
-# endif
-
-/* YYR1[YYN] -- Symbol number of symbol that rule YYN derives. */
-static const unsigned char yyr1[] =
-{
- 0, 20, 21, 21, 22, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23,
- 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23,
- 23, 23, 23, 23, 23
-};
-
-/* YYR2[YYN] -- Number of symbols composing right hand side of rule YYN. */
-static const unsigned char yyr2[] =
-{
- 0, 2, 2, 1, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3,
- 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1,
- 3, 2, 3, 2, 3
-};
-
-/* YYDEFACT[STATE-NAME] -- Default rule to reduce with in state
- STATE-NUM when YYTABLE doesn't specify something else to do. Zero
- means the default is an error. */
-static const unsigned char yydefact[] =
-{
- 4, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0,
- 0, 2, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
- 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 23, 0, 0, 0,
- 21, 8, 7, 12, 9, 10, 11, 14, 13, 18,
- 15, 16, 17, 24, 20, 22
-};
-
-/* YYDEFGOTO[NTERM-NUM]. */
-static const yysigned_char yydefgoto[] =
-{
- -1, 1, 2, 30
-};
-
-/* YYPACT[STATE-NUM] -- Index in YYTABLE of the portion describing
- STATE-NUM. */
-#define YYPACT_NINF -3
-static const yysigned_char yypact[] =
-{
- -3, 1, 47, -3, 6, 11, 69, 73, -3, 47,
- 47, 17, -3, -3, 12, 13, 16, 22, 29, 30,
- 31, 37, 38, 39, 41, 44, 62, -1, 47, 47,
- 17, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3,
- -3, -3, -3, -3, 32, 47
-};
-
-/* YYPGOTO[NTERM-NUM]. */
-static const yysigned_char yypgoto[] =
-{
- -3, -3, -3, -2
-};
-
-/* YYTABLE[YYPACT[STATE-NUM]]. What to do in state STATE-NUM. If
- positive, shift that token. If negative, reduce the rule which
- number is the opposite. If zero, do what YYDEFACT says.
- If YYTABLE_NINF, syntax error. */
-#define YYTABLE_NINF -1
-static const yysigned_char yytable[] =
-{
- 11, 3, 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 26, 27, 12,
- 8, 28, 29, 9, 13, 31, 32, 10, 43, 33,
- 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 34, 44, 45, 8, 28,
- 29, 9, 35, 36, 37, 10, 4, 5, 6, 7,
- 38, 39, 40, 8, 41, 29, 9, 42, 0, 0,
- 10, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0,
- 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 10, 4, 5, 6, 7,
- 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, -1, 14, 15, 16,
- 10, 20, 21, 22, 17, 18, 19, 0, 23, 24,
- 25
-};
-
-static const yysigned_char yycheck[] =
-{
- 2, 0, -1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 3,
- 11, 12, 13, 14, 3, 3, 3, 18, 19, 3,
- -1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, 28, 29, 11, 12,
- 13, 14, 3, 3, 3, 18, 4, 5, 6, 7,
- 3, 3, 3, 11, 3, 13, 14, 3, -1, -1,
- 18, 4, 5, 6, 7, -1, -1, -1, 11, -1,
- -1, 14, -1, -1, -1, 18, 4, 5, 6, 7,
- -1, -1, -1, 11, -1, -1, 14, 8, 9, 10,
- 18, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, -1, 15, 16,
- 17
-};
-
-/* YYSTOS[STATE-NUM] -- The (internal number of the) accessing
- symbol of state STATE-NUM. */
-static const unsigned char yystos[] =
-{
- 0, 21, 22, 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 14,
- 18, 23, 3, 3, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17,
- 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 23, 23, 12, 13,
- 23, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
- 3, 3, 3, 19, 23, 23
-};
-
-#if ! defined (YYSIZE_T) && defined (__SIZE_TYPE__)
-# define YYSIZE_T __SIZE_TYPE__
-#endif
-#if ! defined (YYSIZE_T) && defined (size_t)
-# define YYSIZE_T size_t
-#endif
-#if ! defined (YYSIZE_T)
-# if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
-# include <stddef.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
-# define YYSIZE_T size_t
-# endif
-#endif
-#if ! defined (YYSIZE_T)
-# define YYSIZE_T unsigned int
-#endif
-
-#define yyerrok (yyerrstatus = 0)
-#define yyclearin (yychar = YYEMPTY)
-#define YYEMPTY (-2)
-#define YYEOF 0
-
-#define YYACCEPT goto yyacceptlab
-#define YYABORT goto yyabortlab
-#define YYERROR goto yyerrorlab
-
-
-/* Like YYERROR except do call yyerror. This remains here temporarily
- to ease the transition to the new meaning of YYERROR, for GCC.
- Once GCC version 2 has supplanted version 1, this can go. */
-
-#define YYFAIL goto yyerrlab
-
-#define YYRECOVERING() (!!yyerrstatus)
-
-#define YYBACKUP(Token, Value) \
-do \
- if (yychar == YYEMPTY && yylen == 1) \
- { \
- yychar = (Token); \
- yylval = (Value); \
- yytoken = YYTRANSLATE (yychar); \
- YYPOPSTACK; \
- goto yybackup; \
- } \
- else \
- { \
- yyerror ("syntax error: cannot back up");\
- YYERROR; \
- } \
-while (0)
-
-#define YYTERROR 1
-#define YYERRCODE 256
-
-/* YYLLOC_DEFAULT -- Compute the default location (before the actions
- are run). */
-
-#ifndef YYLLOC_DEFAULT
-# define YYLLOC_DEFAULT(Current, Rhs, N) \
- ((Current).first_line = (Rhs)[1].first_line, \
- (Current).first_column = (Rhs)[1].first_column, \
- (Current).last_line = (Rhs)[N].last_line, \
- (Current).last_column = (Rhs)[N].last_column)
-#endif
-
-/* YYLEX -- calling `yylex' with the right arguments. */
-
-#ifdef YYLEX_PARAM
-# define YYLEX yylex (YYLEX_PARAM)
-#else
-# define YYLEX yylex ()
-#endif
-
-/* Enable debugging if requested. */
-#if YYDEBUG
-
-# ifndef YYFPRINTF
-# include <stdio.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
-# define YYFPRINTF fprintf
-# endif
-
-# define YYDPRINTF(Args) \
-do { \
- if (yydebug) \
- YYFPRINTF Args; \
-} while (0)
-
-# define YYDSYMPRINT(Args) \
-do { \
- if (yydebug) \
- yysymprint Args; \
-} while (0)
-
-# define YYDSYMPRINTF(Title, Token, Value, Location) \
-do { \
- if (yydebug) \
- { \
- YYFPRINTF (stderr, "%s ", Title); \
- yysymprint (stderr, \
- Token, Value); \
- YYFPRINTF (stderr, "\n"); \
- } \
-} while (0)
-
-/*------------------------------------------------------------------.
-| yy_stack_print -- Print the state stack from its BOTTOM up to its |
-| TOP (included). |
-`------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-#if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
-static void
-yy_stack_print (short *bottom, short *top)
-#else
-static void
-yy_stack_print (bottom, top)
- short *bottom;
- short *top;
-#endif
-{
- YYFPRINTF (stderr, "Stack now");
- for (/* Nothing. */; bottom <= top; ++bottom)
- YYFPRINTF (stderr, " %d", *bottom);
- YYFPRINTF (stderr, "\n");
-}
-
-# define YY_STACK_PRINT(Bottom, Top) \
-do { \
- if (yydebug) \
- yy_stack_print ((Bottom), (Top)); \
-} while (0)
-
-
-/*------------------------------------------------.
-| Report that the YYRULE is going to be reduced. |
-`------------------------------------------------*/
-
-#if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
-static void
-yy_reduce_print (int yyrule)
-#else
-static void
-yy_reduce_print (yyrule)
- int yyrule;
-#endif
-{
- int yyi;
- unsigned int yylno = yyrline[yyrule];
- YYFPRINTF (stderr, "Reducing stack by rule %d (line %u), ",
- yyrule - 1, yylno);
- /* Print the symbols being reduced, and their result. */
- for (yyi = yyprhs[yyrule]; 0 <= yyrhs[yyi]; yyi++)
- YYFPRINTF (stderr, "%s ", yytname [yyrhs[yyi]]);
- YYFPRINTF (stderr, "-> %s\n", yytname [yyr1[yyrule]]);
-}
-
-# define YY_REDUCE_PRINT(Rule) \
-do { \
- if (yydebug) \
- yy_reduce_print (Rule); \
-} while (0)
-
-/* Nonzero means print parse trace. It is left uninitialized so that
- multiple parsers can coexist. */
-int yydebug;
-#else /* !YYDEBUG */
-# define YYDPRINTF(Args)
-# define YYDSYMPRINT(Args)
-# define YYDSYMPRINTF(Title, Token, Value, Location)
-# define YY_STACK_PRINT(Bottom, Top)
-# define YY_REDUCE_PRINT(Rule)
-#endif /* !YYDEBUG */
-
-
-/* YYINITDEPTH -- initial size of the parser's stacks. */
-#ifndef YYINITDEPTH
-# define YYINITDEPTH 200
-#endif
-
-/* YYMAXDEPTH -- maximum size the stacks can grow to (effective only
- if the built-in stack extension method is used).
-
- Do not make this value too large; the results are undefined if
- SIZE_MAX < YYSTACK_BYTES (YYMAXDEPTH)
- evaluated with infinite-precision integer arithmetic. */
-
-#if defined (YYMAXDEPTH) && YYMAXDEPTH == 0
-# undef YYMAXDEPTH
-#endif
-
-#ifndef YYMAXDEPTH
-# define YYMAXDEPTH 10000
-#endif
-
-\f
-
-#if YYERROR_VERBOSE
-
-# ifndef yystrlen
-# if defined (__GLIBC__) && defined (_STRING_H)
-# define yystrlen strlen
-# else
-/* Return the length of YYSTR. */
-static YYSIZE_T
-# if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
-yystrlen (const char *yystr)
-# else
-yystrlen (yystr)
- const char *yystr;
-# endif
-{
- register const char *yys = yystr;
-
- while (*yys++ != '\0')
- continue;
-
- return yys - yystr - 1;
-}
-# endif
-# endif
-
-# ifndef yystpcpy
-# if defined (__GLIBC__) && defined (_STRING_H) && defined (_GNU_SOURCE)
-# define yystpcpy stpcpy
-# else
-/* Copy YYSRC to YYDEST, returning the address of the terminating '\0' in
- YYDEST. */
-static char *
-# if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
-yystpcpy (char *yydest, const char *yysrc)
-# else
-yystpcpy (yydest, yysrc)
- char *yydest;
- const char *yysrc;
-# endif
-{
- register char *yyd = yydest;
- register const char *yys = yysrc;
-
- while ((*yyd++ = *yys++) != '\0')
- continue;
-
- return yyd - 1;
-}
-# endif
-# endif
-
-#endif /* !YYERROR_VERBOSE */
-
-\f
-
-#if YYDEBUG
-/*--------------------------------.
-| Print this symbol on YYOUTPUT. |
-`--------------------------------*/
-
-#if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
-static void
-yysymprint (FILE *yyoutput, int yytype, YYSTYPE *yyvaluep)
-#else
-static void
-yysymprint (yyoutput, yytype, yyvaluep)
- FILE *yyoutput;
- int yytype;
- YYSTYPE *yyvaluep;
-#endif
-{
- /* Pacify ``unused variable'' warnings. */
- (void) yyvaluep;
-
- if (yytype < YYNTOKENS)
- {
- YYFPRINTF (yyoutput, "token %s (", yytname[yytype]);
-# ifdef YYPRINT
- YYPRINT (yyoutput, yytoknum[yytype], *yyvaluep);
-# endif
- }
- else
- YYFPRINTF (yyoutput, "nterm %s (", yytname[yytype]);
-
- switch (yytype)
- {
- default:
- break;
- }
- YYFPRINTF (yyoutput, ")");
-}
-
-#endif /* ! YYDEBUG */
-/*-----------------------------------------------.
-| Release the memory associated to this symbol. |
-`-----------------------------------------------*/
-
-#if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
-static void
-yydestruct (int yytype, YYSTYPE *yyvaluep)
-#else
-static void
-yydestruct (yytype, yyvaluep)
- int yytype;
- YYSTYPE *yyvaluep;
-#endif
-{
- /* Pacify ``unused variable'' warnings. */
- (void) yyvaluep;
-
- switch (yytype)
- {
-
- default:
- break;
- }
-}
-\f
-
-/* Prevent warnings from -Wmissing-prototypes. */
-
-#ifdef YYPARSE_PARAM
-# if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
-int yyparse (void *YYPARSE_PARAM);
-# else
-int yyparse ();
-# endif
-#else /* ! YYPARSE_PARAM */
-#if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
-int yyparse (void);
-#else
-int yyparse ();
-#endif
-#endif /* ! YYPARSE_PARAM */
-
-
-
-/* The lookahead symbol. */
-int yychar;
-
-/* The semantic value of the lookahead symbol. */
-YYSTYPE yylval;
-
-/* Number of syntax errors so far. */
-int yynerrs;
-
-
-
-/*----------.
-| yyparse. |
-`----------*/
-
-#ifdef YYPARSE_PARAM
-# if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
-int yyparse (void *YYPARSE_PARAM)
-# else
-int yyparse (YYPARSE_PARAM)
- void *YYPARSE_PARAM;
-# endif
-#else /* ! YYPARSE_PARAM */
-#if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
-int
-yyparse (void)
-#else
-int
-yyparse ()
-
-#endif
-#endif
-{
-
- register int yystate;
- register int yyn;
- int yyresult;
- /* Number of tokens to shift before error messages enabled. */
- int yyerrstatus;
- /* Lookahead token as an internal (translated) token number. */
- int yytoken = 0;
-
- /* Three stacks and their tools:
- `yyss': related to states,
- `yyvs': related to semantic values,
- `yyls': related to locations.
-
- Refer to the stacks thru separate pointers, to allow yyoverflow
- to reallocate them elsewhere. */
-
- /* The state stack. */
- short yyssa[YYINITDEPTH];
- short *yyss = yyssa;
- register short *yyssp;
-
- /* The semantic value stack. */
- YYSTYPE yyvsa[YYINITDEPTH];
- YYSTYPE *yyvs = yyvsa;
- register YYSTYPE *yyvsp;
-
-
-
-#define YYPOPSTACK (yyvsp--, yyssp--)
-
- YYSIZE_T yystacksize = YYINITDEPTH;
-
- /* The variables used to return semantic value and location from the
- action routines. */
- YYSTYPE yyval;
-
-
- /* When reducing, the number of symbols on the RHS of the reduced
- rule. */
- int yylen;
-
- YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Starting parse\n"));
-
- yystate = 0;
- yyerrstatus = 0;
- yynerrs = 0;
- yychar = YYEMPTY; /* Cause a token to be read. */
-
- /* Initialize stack pointers.
- Waste one element of value and location stack
- so that they stay on the same level as the state stack.
- The wasted elements are never initialized. */
-
- yyssp = yyss;
- yyvsp = yyvs;
-
- goto yysetstate;
-
-/*------------------------------------------------------------.
-| yynewstate -- Push a new state, which is found in yystate. |
-`------------------------------------------------------------*/
- yynewstate:
- /* In all cases, when you get here, the value and location stacks
- have just been pushed. so pushing a state here evens the stacks.
- */
- yyssp++;
-
- yysetstate:
- *yyssp = yystate;
-
- if (yyss + yystacksize - 1 <= yyssp)
- {
- /* Get the current used size of the three stacks, in elements. */
- YYSIZE_T yysize = yyssp - yyss + 1;
-
-#ifdef yyoverflow
- {
- /* Give user a chance to reallocate the stack. Use copies of
- these so that the &'s don't force the real ones into
- memory. */
- YYSTYPE *yyvs1 = yyvs;
- short *yyss1 = yyss;
-
-
- /* Each stack pointer address is followed by the size of the
- data in use in that stack, in bytes. This used to be a
- conditional around just the two extra args, but that might
- be undefined if yyoverflow is a macro. */
- yyoverflow ("parser stack overflow",
- &yyss1, yysize * sizeof (*yyssp),
- &yyvs1, yysize * sizeof (*yyvsp),
-
- &yystacksize);
-
- yyss = yyss1;
- yyvs = yyvs1;
- }
-#else /* no yyoverflow */
-# ifndef YYSTACK_RELOCATE
- goto yyoverflowlab;
-# else
- /* Extend the stack our own way. */
- if (YYMAXDEPTH <= yystacksize)
- goto yyoverflowlab;
- yystacksize *= 2;
- if (YYMAXDEPTH < yystacksize)
- yystacksize = YYMAXDEPTH;
-
- {
- short *yyss1 = yyss;
- union yyalloc *yyptr =
- (union yyalloc *) YYSTACK_ALLOC (YYSTACK_BYTES (yystacksize));
- if (! yyptr)
- goto yyoverflowlab;
- YYSTACK_RELOCATE (yyss);
- YYSTACK_RELOCATE (yyvs);
-
-# undef YYSTACK_RELOCATE
- if (yyss1 != yyssa)
- YYSTACK_FREE (yyss1);
- }
-# endif
-#endif /* no yyoverflow */
-
- yyssp = yyss + yysize - 1;
- yyvsp = yyvs + yysize - 1;
-
-
- YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Stack size increased to %lu\n",
- (unsigned long int) yystacksize));
-
- if (yyss + yystacksize - 1 <= yyssp)
- YYABORT;
- }
-
- YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Entering state %d\n", yystate));
-
- goto yybackup;
-
-/*-----------.
-| yybackup. |
-`-----------*/
-yybackup:
-
-/* Do appropriate processing given the current state. */
-/* Read a lookahead token if we need one and don't already have one. */
-/* yyresume: */
-
- /* First try to decide what to do without reference to lookahead token. */
-
- yyn = yypact[yystate];
- if (yyn == YYPACT_NINF)
- goto yydefault;
-
- /* Not known => get a lookahead token if don't already have one. */
-
- /* YYCHAR is either YYEMPTY or YYEOF or a valid lookahead symbol. */
- if (yychar == YYEMPTY)
- {
- YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Reading a token: "));
- yychar = YYLEX;
- }
-
- if (yychar <= YYEOF)
- {
- yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
- YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Now at end of input.\n"));
- }
- else
- {
- yytoken = YYTRANSLATE (yychar);
- YYDSYMPRINTF ("Next token is", yytoken, &yylval, &yylloc);
- }
-
- /* If the proper action on seeing token YYTOKEN is to reduce or to
- detect an error, take that action. */
- yyn += yytoken;
- if (yyn < 0 || YYLAST < yyn || yycheck[yyn] != yytoken)
- goto yydefault;
- yyn = yytable[yyn];
- if (yyn <= 0)
- {
- if (yyn == 0 || yyn == YYTABLE_NINF)
- goto yyerrlab;
- yyn = -yyn;
- goto yyreduce;
- }
-
- if (yyn == YYFINAL)
- YYACCEPT;
-
- /* Shift the lookahead token. */
- YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Shifting token %s, ", yytname[yytoken]));
-
- /* Discard the token being shifted unless it is eof. */
- if (yychar != YYEOF)
- yychar = YYEMPTY;
-
- *++yyvsp = yylval;
-
-
- /* Count tokens shifted since error; after three, turn off error
- status. */
- if (yyerrstatus)
- yyerrstatus--;
-
- yystate = yyn;
- goto yynewstate;
-
-
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------.
-| yydefault -- do the default action for the current state. |
-`-----------------------------------------------------------*/
-yydefault:
- yyn = yydefact[yystate];
- if (yyn == 0)
- goto yyerrlab;
- goto yyreduce;
-
-
-/*-----------------------------.
-| yyreduce -- Do a reduction. |
-`-----------------------------*/
-yyreduce:
- /* yyn is the number of a rule to reduce with. */
- yylen = yyr2[yyn];
-
- /* If YYLEN is nonzero, implement the default value of the action:
- `$$ = $1'.
-
- Otherwise, the following line sets YYVAL to garbage.
- This behavior is undocumented and Bison
- users should not rely upon it. Assigning to YYVAL
- unconditionally makes the parser a bit smaller, and it avoids a
- GCC warning that YYVAL may be used uninitialized. */
- yyval = yyvsp[1-yylen];
-
-
- YY_REDUCE_PRINT (yyn);
- switch (yyn)
- {
- case 2:
-#line 45 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- *yy_ret = yyvsp[0];
- yyval = yyvsp[0];
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 4:
-#line 51 "ssfilter.y"
- { yyval = NULL; ;}
- break;
-
- case 5:
-#line 54 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_DCOND, yyvsp[0]);
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 6:
-#line 58 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_SCOND, yyvsp[0]);
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 7:
-#line 62 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_D_GE, yyvsp[0]);
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 8:
-#line 66 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_D_LE, yyvsp[0]);
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 9:
-#line 70 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_NOT, alloc_node(SSF_D_LE, yyvsp[0]));
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 10:
-#line 74 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_NOT, alloc_node(SSF_D_GE, yyvsp[0]));
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 11:
-#line 78 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_DCOND, yyvsp[0]);
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 12:
-#line 82 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_NOT, alloc_node(SSF_DCOND, yyvsp[0]));
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 13:
-#line 87 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_S_GE, yyvsp[0]);
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 14:
-#line 91 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_S_LE, yyvsp[0]);
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 15:
-#line 95 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_NOT, alloc_node(SSF_S_LE, yyvsp[0]));
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 16:
-#line 99 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_NOT, alloc_node(SSF_S_GE, yyvsp[0]));
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 17:
-#line 103 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_SCOND, yyvsp[0]);
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 18:
-#line 107 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_NOT, alloc_node(SSF_SCOND, yyvsp[0]));
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 19:
-#line 112 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_S_AUTO, NULL);
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 20:
-#line 116 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_OR, yyvsp[-2]);
- yyval->post = yyvsp[0];
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 21:
-#line 121 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_AND, yyvsp[-1]);
- yyval->post = yyvsp[0];
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 22:
-#line 127 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_AND, yyvsp[-2]);
- yyval->post = yyvsp[0];
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 23:
-#line 132 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = alloc_node(SSF_NOT, yyvsp[0]);
- ;}
- break;
-
- case 24:
-#line 136 "ssfilter.y"
- {
- yyval = yyvsp[-1];
- ;}
- break;
-
-
- }
-
-/* Line 1000 of yacc.c. */
-#line 1219 "ssfilter.c"
-\f
- yyvsp -= yylen;
- yyssp -= yylen;
-
-
- YY_STACK_PRINT (yyss, yyssp);
-
- *++yyvsp = yyval;
-
-
- /* Now `shift' the result of the reduction. Determine what state
- that goes to, based on the state we popped back to and the rule
- number reduced by. */
-
- yyn = yyr1[yyn];
-
- yystate = yypgoto[yyn - YYNTOKENS] + *yyssp;
- if (0 <= yystate && yystate <= YYLAST && yycheck[yystate] == *yyssp)
- yystate = yytable[yystate];
- else
- yystate = yydefgoto[yyn - YYNTOKENS];
-
- goto yynewstate;
-
-
-/*------------------------------------.
-| yyerrlab -- here on detecting error |
-`------------------------------------*/
-yyerrlab:
- /* If not already recovering from an error, report this error. */
- if (!yyerrstatus)
- {
- ++yynerrs;
-#if YYERROR_VERBOSE
- yyn = yypact[yystate];
-
- if (YYPACT_NINF < yyn && yyn < YYLAST)
- {
- YYSIZE_T yysize = 0;
- int yytype = YYTRANSLATE (yychar);
- const char* yyprefix;
- char *yymsg;
- int yyx;
-
- /* Start YYX at -YYN if negative to avoid negative indexes in
- YYCHECK. */
- int yyxbegin = yyn < 0 ? -yyn : 0;
-
- /* Stay within bounds of both yycheck and yytname. */
- int yychecklim = YYLAST - yyn;
- int yyxend = yychecklim < YYNTOKENS ? yychecklim : YYNTOKENS;
- int yycount = 0;
-
- yyprefix = ", expecting ";
- for (yyx = yyxbegin; yyx < yyxend; ++yyx)
- if (yycheck[yyx + yyn] == yyx && yyx != YYTERROR)
- {
- yysize += yystrlen (yyprefix) + yystrlen (yytname [yyx]);
- yycount += 1;
- if (yycount == 5)
- {
- yysize = 0;
- break;
- }
- }
- yysize += (sizeof ("syntax error, unexpected ")
- + yystrlen (yytname[yytype]));
- yymsg = (char *) YYSTACK_ALLOC (yysize);
- if (yymsg != 0)
- {
- char *yyp = yystpcpy (yymsg, "syntax error, unexpected ");
- yyp = yystpcpy (yyp, yytname[yytype]);
-
- if (yycount < 5)
- {
- yyprefix = ", expecting ";
- for (yyx = yyxbegin; yyx < yyxend; ++yyx)
- if (yycheck[yyx + yyn] == yyx && yyx != YYTERROR)
- {
- yyp = yystpcpy (yyp, yyprefix);
- yyp = yystpcpy (yyp, yytname[yyx]);
- yyprefix = " or ";
- }
- }
- yyerror (yymsg);
- YYSTACK_FREE (yymsg);
- }
- else
- yyerror ("syntax error; also virtual memory exhausted");
- }
- else
-#endif /* YYERROR_VERBOSE */
- yyerror ("syntax error");
- }
-
-
-
- if (yyerrstatus == 3)
- {
- /* If just tried and failed to reuse lookahead token after an
- error, discard it. */
-
- if (yychar <= YYEOF)
- {
- /* If at end of input, pop the error token,
- then the rest of the stack, then return failure. */
- if (yychar == YYEOF)
- for (;;)
- {
- YYPOPSTACK;
- if (yyssp == yyss)
- YYABORT;
- YYDSYMPRINTF ("Error: popping", yystos[*yyssp], yyvsp, yylsp);
- yydestruct (yystos[*yyssp], yyvsp);
- }
- }
- else
- {
- YYDSYMPRINTF ("Error: discarding", yytoken, &yylval, &yylloc);
- yydestruct (yytoken, &yylval);
- yychar = YYEMPTY;
-
- }
- }
-
- /* Else will try to reuse lookahead token after shifting the error
- token. */
- goto yyerrlab1;
-
-
-/*---------------------------------------------------.
-| yyerrorlab -- error raised explicitly by YYERROR. |
-`---------------------------------------------------*/
-yyerrorlab:
-
-#ifdef __GNUC__
- /* Pacify GCC when the user code never invokes YYERROR and the label
- yyerrorlab therefore never appears in user code. */
- if (0)
- goto yyerrorlab;
-#endif
-
- yyvsp -= yylen;
- yyssp -= yylen;
- yystate = *yyssp;
- goto yyerrlab1;
-
-
-/*-------------------------------------------------------------.
-| yyerrlab1 -- common code for both syntax error and YYERROR. |
-`-------------------------------------------------------------*/
-yyerrlab1:
- yyerrstatus = 3; /* Each real token shifted decrements this. */
-
- for (;;)
- {
- yyn = yypact[yystate];
- if (yyn != YYPACT_NINF)
- {
- yyn += YYTERROR;
- if (0 <= yyn && yyn <= YYLAST && yycheck[yyn] == YYTERROR)
- {
- yyn = yytable[yyn];
- if (0 < yyn)
- break;
- }
- }
-
- /* Pop the current state because it cannot handle the error token. */
- if (yyssp == yyss)
- YYABORT;
-
- YYDSYMPRINTF ("Error: popping", yystos[*yyssp], yyvsp, yylsp);
- yydestruct (yystos[yystate], yyvsp);
- YYPOPSTACK;
- yystate = *yyssp;
- YY_STACK_PRINT (yyss, yyssp);
- }
-
- if (yyn == YYFINAL)
- YYACCEPT;
-
- YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Shifting error token, "));
-
- *++yyvsp = yylval;
-
-
- yystate = yyn;
- goto yynewstate;
-
-
-/*-------------------------------------.
-| yyacceptlab -- YYACCEPT comes here. |
-`-------------------------------------*/
-yyacceptlab:
- yyresult = 0;
- goto yyreturn;
-
-/*-----------------------------------.
-| yyabortlab -- YYABORT comes here. |
-`-----------------------------------*/
-yyabortlab:
- yyresult = 1;
- goto yyreturn;
-
-#ifndef yyoverflow
-/*----------------------------------------------.
-| yyoverflowlab -- parser overflow comes here. |
-`----------------------------------------------*/
-yyoverflowlab:
- yyerror ("parser stack overflow");
- yyresult = 2;
- /* Fall through. */
-#endif
-
-yyreturn:
-#ifndef yyoverflow
- if (yyss != yyssa)
- YYSTACK_FREE (yyss);
-#endif
- return yyresult;
-}
-
-
-#line 140 "ssfilter.y"
-
-
-static char *get_token_from_line(char **ptr)
-{
- char *tok, *cp = *ptr;
-
- while (*cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t') cp++;
-
- if (*cp == 0) {
- *ptr = cp;
- return NULL;
- }
-
- tok = cp;
-
- while (*cp != 0 && *cp != ' ' && *cp != '\t') {
- /* Backslash escapes everything. */
- if (*cp == '\\') {
- char *tp;
- for (tp = cp; tp != tok; tp--)
- *tp = *(tp-1);
- cp++;
- tok++;
- if (*cp == 0)
- break;
- }
- cp++;
- }
- if (*cp)
- *cp++ = 0;
- *ptr = cp;
- return tok;
-}
-
-int yylex(void)
-{
- static char argbuf[1024];
- static char *tokptr = argbuf;
- static int argc;
- char *curtok;
-
- do {
- while (*tokptr == 0) {
- tokptr = NULL;
- if (argc < yy_argc) {
- tokptr = yy_argv[argc];
- argc++;
- } else if (yy_fp) {
- while (tokptr == NULL) {
- if (fgets(argbuf, sizeof(argbuf)-1, yy_fp) == NULL)
- return 0;
- argbuf[sizeof(argbuf)-1] = 0;
- if (strlen(argbuf) == sizeof(argbuf) - 1) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Too long line in filter");
- exit(-1);
- }
- if (argbuf[strlen(argbuf)-1] == '\n')
- argbuf[strlen(argbuf)-1] = 0;
- if (argbuf[0] == '#' || argbuf[0] == '0')
- continue;
- tokptr = argbuf;
- }
- } else {
- return 0;
- }
- }
- } while ((curtok = get_token_from_line(&tokptr)) == NULL);
-
- if (strcmp(curtok, "!") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "not") == 0)
- return '!';
- if (strcmp(curtok, "&") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "&&") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "and") == 0)
- return '&';
- if (strcmp(curtok, "|") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "||") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "or") == 0)
- return '|';
- if (strcmp(curtok, "(") == 0)
- return '(';
- if (strcmp(curtok, ")") == 0)
- return ')';
- if (strcmp(curtok, "dst") == 0)
- return DCOND;
- if (strcmp(curtok, "src") == 0)
- return SCOND;
- if (strcmp(curtok, "dport") == 0)
- return DPORT;
- if (strcmp(curtok, "sport") == 0)
- return SPORT;
- if (strcmp(curtok, ">=") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "ge") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "geq") == 0)
- return GEQ;
- if (strcmp(curtok, "<=") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "le") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "leq") == 0)
- return LEQ;
- if (strcmp(curtok, "!=") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "ne") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "neq") == 0)
- return NEQ;
- if (strcmp(curtok, "=") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "==") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "eq") == 0)
- return '=';
- if (strcmp(curtok, ">") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "gt") == 0)
- return '>';
- if (strcmp(curtok, "<") == 0 ||
- strcmp(curtok, "lt") == 0)
- return '<';
- if (strcmp(curtok, "autobound") == 0)
- return AUTOBOUND;
- yylval = (void*)parse_hostcond(curtok);
- if (yylval == NULL) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Cannot parse dst/src address.\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- return HOSTCOND;
-}
-
-int ssfilter_parse(struct ssfilter **f, int argc, char **argv, FILE *fp)
-{
- yy_argc = argc;
- yy_argv = argv;
- yy_fp = fp;
- yy_ret = f;
-
- if (yyparse()) {
- fprintf(stderr, " Sorry.\n");
- return -1;
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
-
+++ /dev/null
-# This is the distribution table for the experimental distribution.
--10576 -10197 -10134 -10071 -10008 -9945 -9882 -9819
--9788 -9756 -9725 -9693 -9672 -9651 -9630 -9615
--9599 -9583 -9567 -9546 -9525 -9504 -9483 -9462
--9441 -9420 -9399 -9378 -9366 -9353 -9341 -9328
--9315 -9303 -9290 -9278 -9265 -9252 -9245 -9237
--9229 -9221 -9213 -9205 -9197 -9189 -9183 -9177
--9171 -9164 -9158 -9152 -9145 -9139 -9133 -9126
--9119 -9111 -9103 -9095 -9087 -9079 -9071 -9063
--9054 -9045 -9036 -9027 -9018 -9009 -9000 -8993
--8986 -8979 -8972 -8965 -8958 -8951 -8944 -8937
--8932 -8927 -8922 -8916 -8911 -8906 -8901 -8895
--8890 -8885 -8880 -8874 -8867 -8859 -8851 -8843
--8835 -8827 -8819 -8811 -8804 -8797 -8790 -8783
--8776 -8769 -8762 -8755 -8748 -8744 -8740 -8736
--8732 -8727 -8723 -8719 -8715 -8711 -8706 -8702
--8698 -8694 -8690 -8685 -8681 -8676 -8671 -8666
--8661 -8656 -8652 -8647 -8642 -8637 -8632 -8627
--8622 -8618 -8613 -8609 -8604 -8600 -8595 -8591
--8586 -8582 -8577 -8573 -8568 -8564 -8559 -8556
--8552 -8548 -8545 -8541 -8537 -8534 -8530 -8526
--8522 -8519 -8515 -8511 -8508 -8504 -8500 -8496
--8492 -8487 -8482 -8477 -8472 -8467 -8463 -8458
--8453 -8448 -8443 -8438 -8433 -8429 -8425 -8421
--8416 -8412 -8408 -8404 -8399 -8395 -8391 -8387
--8382 -8378 -8374 -8369 -8366 -8362 -8358 -8354
--8350 -8346 -8342 -8338 -8334 -8330 -8326 -8322
--8318 -8314 -8310 -8306 -8303 -8299 -8295 -8292
--8288 -8284 -8281 -8277 -8273 -8269 -8266 -8262
--8258 -8255 -8251 -8247 -8243 -8240 -8236 -8232
--8229 -8225 -8221 -8218 -8214 -8210 -8206 -8203
--8199 -8195 -8192 -8188 -8184 -8180 -8176 -8172
--8168 -8164 -8159 -8155 -8151 -8147 -8143 -8138
--8134 -8130 -8126 -8122 -8117 -8114 -8111 -8108
--8105 -8102 -8099 -8095 -8092 -8089 -8086 -8083
--8080 -8077 -8073 -8070 -8067 -8064 -8061 -8058
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-5928 5939 5951 5964 5976 5989 6002 6011
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-6423 6433 6444 6453 6462 6471 6480 6489
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-11045 11060 11076 11092 11108 11123 11139 11155
-11171 11181 11192 11202 11213 11223 11234 11244
-11255 11265 11276 11286 11297 11307 11318 11329
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-11770 11781 11791 11802 11817 11833 11849 11865
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-30082 30712 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767
-32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767
+++ /dev/null
-# This is the distribution table for the normal distribution.
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- -1943 -1937 -1932 -1927 -1922 -1917 -1912 -1907
- -1901 -1896 -1891 -1886 -1881 -1876 -1871 -1865
- -1860 -1855 -1850 -1845 -1840 -1835 -1829 -1824
- -1819 -1814 -1809 -1804 -1799 -1794 -1788 -1783
- -1778 -1773 -1768 -1763 -1758 -1752 -1747 -1742
- -1737 -1732 -1727 -1722 -1717 -1711 -1706 -1701
- -1696 -1691 -1686 -1681 -1676 -1670 -1665 -1660
- -1655 -1650 -1645 -1640 -1635 -1629 -1624 -1619
- -1614 -1609 -1604 -1599 -1594 -1589 -1584 -1579
- -1573 -1568 -1563 -1558 -1553 -1548 -1543 -1538
- -1532 -1527 -1522 -1517 -1512 -1507 -1502 -1497
- -1492 -1486 -1482 -1477 -1471 -1466 -1461 -1456
- -1451 -1446 -1441 -1436 -1431 -1425 -1420 -1415
- -1410 -1405 -1400 -1395 -1390 -1385 -1380 -1375
- -1370 -1364 -1359 -1354 -1349 -1344 -1339 -1334
- -1329 -1324 -1319 -1314 -1309 -1303 -1298 -1294
- -1288 -1283 -1278 -1273 -1268 -1263 -1258 -1253
- -1248 -1243 -1237 -1232 -1228 -1222 -1217 -1212
- -1207 -1202 -1197 -1192 -1187 -1182 -1177 -1171
- -1167 -1162 -1156 -1151 -1146 -1141 -1136 -1131
- -1126 -1121 -1116 -1111 -1106 -1101 -1096 -1091
- -1085 -1081 -1076 -1070 -1065 -1060 -1055 -1050
- -1045 -1040 -1035 -1030 -1025 -1020 -1015 -1010
- -1005 -1000 -995 -990 -985 -979 -974 -970
- -964 -959 -954 -949 -944 -939 -934 -929
- -924 -919 -914 -909 -904 -899 -894 -889
- -884 -879 -874 -868 -863 -859 -853 -848
- -843 -838 -833 -828 -823 -818 -813 -808
- -803 -798 -793 -788 -783 -778 -773 -768
- -763 -758 -752 -748 -743 -738 -732 -727
- -723 -717 -712 -707 -702 -697 -692 -687
- -682 -677 -672 -667 -662 -657 -652 -647
- -642 -637 -632 -627 -622 -617 -612 -607
- -602 -597 -591 -587 -582 -577 -571 -566
- -562 -557 -551 -546 -541 -537 -531 -526
- -521 -516 -511 -506 -501 -496 -491 -486
- -481 -476 -471 -466 -461 -456 -451 -446
- -441 -436 -431 -426 -421 -416 -411 -406
- -401 -396 -391 -386 -381 -376 -371 -366
- -360 -356 -351 -346 -340 -335 -331 -326
- -320 -315 -310 -306 -300 -295 -290 -285
- -281 -275 -270 -265 -261 -255 -250 -245
- -240 -235 -230 -225 -220 -215 -210 -205
- -200 -195 -190 -185 -180 -175 -170 -165
- -160 -155 -150 -145 -140 -135 -130 -125
- -120 -115 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85
- -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45
- -40 -35 -29 -25 -20 -15 -9 -5
- 0 5 11 16 20 25 30 36
- 41 45 50 56 61 66 70 76
- 81 86 91 96 101 106 111 116
- 121 126 131 136 141 146 151 156
- 161 166 171 176 181 186 191 196
- 201 206 211 216 221 226 231 236
- 241 246 251 256 261 266 271 276
- 281 286 291 296 301 306 311 316
- 322 326 331 336 342 347 351 356
- 362 367 372 376 382 387 392 396
- 402 407 412 417 422 427 432 437
- 442 447 452 457 462 467 472 477
- 482 487 492 497 502 507 512 517
- 522 527 532 537 542 547 552 557
- 562 567 572 578 582 587 593 598
- 603 607 613 618 623 628 633 638
- 643 648 653 658 663 668 673 678
- 683 688 693 698 703 708 713 718
- 723 728 733 739 743 748 754 759
- 763 768 774 779 784 789 794 799
- 804 809 814 819 824 829 834 839
- 844 849 854 859 864 869 874 879
- 884 890 895 899 905 910 915 920
- 925 930 935 940 945 950 955 960
- 965 970 975 980 985 990 995 1001
- 1006 1010 1016 1021 1026 1031 1036 1041
- 1046 1051 1056 1061 1066 1071 1076 1081
- 1086 1092 1096 1102 1107 1112 1117 1122
- 1127 1132 1137 1142 1147 1152 1157 1162
- 1167 1173 1178 1183 1188 1193 1198 1203
- 1208 1213 1218 1223 1228 1233 1238 1244
- 1248 1254 1259 1264 1269 1274 1279 1284
- 1289 1294 1299 1304 1309 1314 1320 1325
- 1330 1335 1340 1345 1350 1355 1360 1365
- 1371 1375 1381 1386 1391 1396 1401 1406
- 1411 1416 1421 1426 1432 1436 1442 1447
- 1452 1457 1462 1467 1472 1477 1482 1488
- 1493 1497 1503 1508 1513 1518 1523 1528
- 1534 1538 1543 1549 1554 1559 1564 1569
- 1574 1579 1584 1590 1595 1600 1605 1610
- 1615 1620 1625 1630 1636 1640 1646 1651
- 1656 1661 1666 1671 1676 1681 1687 1692
- 1697 1702 1707 1712 1717 1722 1728 1733
- 1738 1743 1748 1753 1758 1764 1769 1774
- 1779 1784 1789 1794 1799 1805 1810 1815
- 1820 1825 1831 1835 1841 1846 1851 1856
- 1861 1866 1871 1877 1882 1887 1892 1897
- 1902 1908 1913 1918 1923 1928 1933 1939
- 1944 1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1975 1980
- 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011 2016 2021
- 2026 2031 2037 2042 2047 2052 2057 2062
- 2068 2073 2078 2083 2088 2093 2099 2104
- 2109 2114 2119 2125 2130 2135 2140 2145
- 2150 2156 2161 2166 2171 2177 2182 2187
- 2192 2197 2202 2208 2213 2218 2223 2229
- 2234 2239 2244 2249 2254 2260 2265 2270
- 2275 2281 2286 2291 2296 2302 2306 2312
- 2317 2322 2327 2333 2338 2343 2348 2354
- 2359 2364 2369 2374 2380 2385 2390 2395
- 2401 2406 2411 2416 2422 2427 2432 2437
- 2442 2448 2453 2458 2463 2469 2474 2479
- 2485 2490 2495 2500 2506 2511 2516 2521
- 2526 2532 2537 2542 2548 2553 2558 2563
- 2569 2574 2579 2585 2589 2595 2600 2605
- 2611 2616 2621 2627 2632 2637 2642 2648
- 2653 2658 2664 2669 2674 2680 2685 2690
- 2695 2700 2706 2711 2716 2722 2727 2732
- 2738 2743 2748 2754 2759 2764 2769 2775
- 2780 2785 2791 2796 2801 2807 2812 2817
- 2823 2828 2833 2839 2844 2849 2855 2860
- 2865 2870 2876 2881 2886 2892 2897 2902
- 2908 2913 2918 2924 2929 2935 2940 2945
- 2951 2956 2961 2967 2972 2977 2983 2988
- 2993 2999 3004 3010 3015 3020 3026 3031
- 3036 3042 3047 3052 3058 3063 3069 3074
- 3079 3085 3090 3095 3101 3106 3112 3117
- 3122 3128 3133 3139 3144 3149 3155 3160
- 3166 3171 3176 3182 3187 3193 3198 3203
- 3209 3214 3220 3225 3231 3236 3242 3247
- 3252 3258 3263 3269 3274 3279 3285 3290
- 3296 3301 3307 3312 3317 3323 3328 3334
- 3339 3345 3350 3355 3361 3367 3372 3378
- 3383 3388 3394 3399 3405 3410 3416 3421
- 3427 3432 3437 3443 3448 3454 3459 3465
- 3471 3476 3481 3487 3492 3498 3503 3509
- 3514 3520 3525 3531 3536 3542 3548 3553
- 3558 3564 3569 3575 3580 3586 3591 3597
- 3602 3608 3613 3619 3625 3630 3636 3641
- 3647 3652 3658 3663 3669 3675 3680 3686
- 3691 3697 3702 3708 3713 3719 3724 3730
- 3736 3741 3747 3752 3758 3763 3769 3774
- 3780 3786 3791 3797 3802 3808 3813 3819
- 3825 3830 3836 3842 3847 3853 3858 3864
- 3869 3875 3881 3886 3892 3898 3903 3909
- 3915 3920 3926 3931 3937 3942 3948 3954
- 3960 3965 3971 3976 3982 3987 3993 3999
- 4005 4010 4016 4021 4027 4033 4039 4044
- 4050 4055 4061 4067 4073 4078 4084 4089
- 4095 4101 4107 4112 4118 4123 4129 4135
- 4141 4146 4152 4158 4164 4169 4175 4181
- 4187 4192 4198 4203 4209 4215 4221 4226
- 4232 4238 4243 4249 4255 4261 4266 4272
- 4278 4284 4289 4295 4301 4307 4313 4318
- 4324 4330 4336 4341 4347 4353 4359 4364
- 4370 4376 4382 4388 4393 4399 4405 4411
- 4417 4422 4428 4434 4440 4445 4452 4457
- 4463 4469 4474 4481 4486 4492 4498 4504
- 4510 4515 4521 4527 4533 4539 4545 4551
- 4556 4562 4568 4574 4580 4585 4592 4597
- 4603 4609 4615 4621 4627 4633 4638 4644
- 4650 4656 4662 4668 4674 4680 4686 4692
- 4697 4703 4709 4715 4721 4727 4733 4739
- 4745 4751 4757 4762 4769 4774 4780 4786
- 4792 4798 4804 4810 4816 4822 4828 4834
- 4840 4846 4852 4858 4864 4870 4876 4882
- 4888 4894 4900 4906 4912 4918 4924 4930
- 4936 4942 4948 4954 4960 4966 4972 4978
- 4984 4990 4996 5002 5008 5014 5020 5026
- 5032 5038 5045 5050 5057 5063 5069 5075
- 5081 5087 5093 5099 5105 5111 5118 5123
- 5129 5136 5142 5148 5154 5160 5166 5172
- 5179 5185 5191 5197 5203 5209 5215 5221
- 5227 5233 5240 5246 5252 5258 5265 5271
- 5277 5283 5289 5295 5301 5308 5314 5320
- 5326 5333 5339 5345 5351 5357 5363 5369
- 5376 5382 5388 5394 5401 5407 5413 5419
- 5426 5432 5438 5444 5451 5457 5463 5469
- 5476 5482 5488 5494 5501 5507 5513 5520
- 5526 5532 5539 5545 5551 5557 5564 5570
- 5576 5583 5589 5596 5602 5608 5614 5621
- 5627 5634 5640 5646 5652 5659 5665 5672
- 5678 5684 5691 5697 5704 5710 5716 5723
- 5729 5736 5742 5748 5755 5761 5768 5774
- 5780 5787 5793 5800 5806 5813 5819 5826
- 5832 5838 5845 5852 5858 5864 5871 5877
- 5884 5890 5897 5903 5910 5916 5923 5929
- 5936 5942 5949 5956 5962 5968 5975 5981
- 5988 5994 6001 6008 6014 6021 6027 6034
- 6041 6047 6054 6060 6067 6074 6080 6087
- 6093 6100 6107 6113 6120 6126 6133 6140
- 6146 6153 6160 6167 6173 6180 6186 6193
- 6200 6206 6213 6220 6226 6233 6240 6246
- 6253 6260 6266 6273 6280 6287 6294 6300
- 6307 6314 6321 6327 6334 6341 6348 6354
- 6361 6368 6375 6382 6388 6395 6402 6409
- 6416 6422 6429 6436 6443 6450 6457 6463
- 6470 6477 6484 6491 6497 6504 6511 6518
- 6525 6532 6539 6546 6553 6559 6566 6573
- 6580 6587 6594 6601 6608 6615 6622 6629
- 6636 6643 6650 6657 6664 6671 6678 6685
- 6692 6699 6706 6713 6719 6727 6734 6741
- 6748 6755 6762 6769 6776 6783 6790 6797
- 6804 6811 6818 6826 6833 6840 6847 6854
- 6861 6868 6875 6883 6889 6897 6904 6911
- 6918 6925 6932 6939 6947 6954 6961 6969
- 6975 6983 6990 6997 7005 7012 7019 7026
- 7033 7041 7048 7055 7062 7070 7077 7084
- 7091 7099 7106 7114 7121 7128 7135 7143
- 7150 7157 7165 7172 7179 7187 7194 7202
- 7209 7216 7224 7231 7238 7246 7253 7261
- 7268 7276 7283 7290 7298 7306 7313 7320
- 7328 7336 7343 7350 7358 7365 7373 7381
- 7388 7395 7403 7410 7418 7426 7433 7441
- 7448 7456 7463 7471 7479 7486 7494 7501
- 7509 7517 7524 7532 7540 7547 7555 7563
- 7571 7578 7586 7594 7601 7609 7617 7624
- 7632 7640 7648 7655 7663 7671 7679 7687
- 7694 7702 7710 7718 7725 7733 7741 7749
- 7757 7765 7773 7780 7788 7796 7804 7812
- 7820 7828 7836 7843 7852 7859 7868 7875
- 7883 7891 7899 7907 7915 7923 7931 7939
- 7947 7955 7963 7971 7979 7988 7995 8004
- 8012 8020 8028 8036 8044 8052 8061 8069
- 8076 8085 8093 8101 8109 8117 8126 8134
- 8142 8150 8158 8167 8175 8183 8192 8200
- 8208 8217 8225 8233 8241 8250 8258 8266
- 8275 8283 8292 8300 8308 8317 8325 8333
- 8342 8350 8359 8367 8376 8384 8392 8401
- 8409 8418 8426 8435 8443 8452 8461 8469
- 8477 8486 8495 8503 8512 8520 8529 8538
- 8546 8555 8564 8573 8581 8590 8598 8607
- 8616 8625 8633 8642 8651 8659 8668 8677
- 8686 8695 8704 8712 8721 8730 8739 8748
- 8756 8765 8774 8783 8792 8801 8810 8819
- 8828 8837 8846 8855 8864 8873 8882 8891
- 8900 8909 8918 8927 8936 8945 8954 8964
- 8973 8982 8991 9000 9009 9019 9028 9037
- 9046 9055 9064 9074 9083 9092 9102 9111
- 9120 9130 9139 9148 9157 9167 9176 9186
- 9195 9205 9214 9223 9233 9242 9252 9261
- 9271 9280 9290 9300 9309 9318 9328 9338
- 9347 9357 9367 9376 9386 9395 9405 9415
- 9424 9434 9444 9454 9464 9473 9483 9493
- 9503 9513 9522 9532 9542 9552 9562 9572
- 9582 9592 9602 9612 9622 9632 9642 9652
- 9662 9672 9682 9692 9702 9712 9722 9733
- 9743 9753 9763 9773 9783 9794 9804 9814
- 9825 9835 9845 9855 9866 9876 9887 9897
- 9907 9918 9928 9939 9949 9960 9970 9981
- 9991 10002 10012 10023 10034 10044 10055 10066
- 10076 10087 10097 10108 10119 10130 10140 10152
- 10162 10173 10184 10195 10206 10217 10227 10238
- 10249 10260 10271 10282 10293 10304 10315 10326
- 10337 10349 10360 10371 10382 10394 10405 10416
- 10427 10438 10450 10461 10472 10484 10495 10507
- 10518 10530 10541 10553 10564 10575 10587 10598
- 10610 10622 10633 10645 10657 10668 10680 10692
- 10704 10715 10727 10739 10751 10763 10775 10786
- 10798 10811 10822 10834 10847 10858 10870 10883
- 10895 10907 10919 10931 10944 10956 10968 10981
- 10993 11005 11017 11030 11042 11055 11067 11080
- 11092 11105 11117 11130 11142 11155 11168 11180
- 11193 11206 11219 11232 11245 11257 11270 11283
- 11296 11309 11322 11335 11348 11361 11375 11388
- 11401 11414 11427 11441 11454 11467 11481 11494
- 11508 11521 11534 11548 11561 11575 11589 11602
- 11616 11630 11644 11657 11671 11685 11699 11713
- 11727 11741 11755 11769 11783 11797 11811 11826
- 11839 11854 11868 11882 11897 11911 11926 11940
- 11955 11969 11984 11998 12013 12028 12043 12057
- 12072 12087 12102 12117 12132 12147 12162 12177
- 12193 12208 12223 12238 12254 12269 12284 12299
- 12315 12331 12346 12362 12378 12393 12409 12425
- 12441 12457 12473 12489 12505 12521 12537 12553
- 12569 12586 12602 12619 12635 12651 12668 12684
- 12701 12718 12734 12751 12768 12785 12802 12819
- 12836 12853 12870 12888 12905 12922 12940 12957
- 12975 12993 13010 13028 13046 13064 13081 13099
- 13117 13135 13154 13172 13190 13209 13227 13246
- 13264 13283 13301 13320 13339 13358 13377 13396
- 13415 13434 13454 13473 13492 13512 13532 13551
- 13571 13591 13611 13631 13651 13671 13691 13711
- 13732 13752 13773 13793 13814 13835 13856 13877
- 13898 13919 13940 13962 13983 14005 14026 14048
- 14070 14092 14114 14136 14159 14181 14203 14226
- 14249 14272 14294 14318 14341 14364 14387 14411
- 14434 14458 14482 14506 14530 14554 14578 14603
- 14628 14653 14677 14703 14728 14753 14778 14804
- 14830 14855 14882 14908 14934 14961 14987 15014
- 15041 15068 15095 15123 15151 15179 15206 15235
- 15263 15291 15320 15349 15378 15408 15437 15466
- 15496 15527 15557 15587 15618 15649 15680 15712
- 15743 15775 15808 15840 15872 15906 15939 15972
- 16006 16040 16074 16108 16143 16178 16214 16249
- 16285 16322 16358 16395 16433 16470 16508 16547
- 16586 16624 16664 16704 16744 16785 16826 16867
- 16910 16952 16995 17038 17082 17126 17171 17217
- 17263 17309 17356 17403 17452 17501 17550 17600
- 17651 17702 17754 17807 17861 17915 17970 18026
- 18083 18141 18200 18259 18320 18382 18444 18508
- 18573 18639 18706 18775 18845 18917 18989 19064
- 19140 19217 19297 19378 19461 19547 19634 19724
- 19816 19911 20009 20109 20213 20319 20430 20544
- 20663 20786 20914 21047 21186 21331 21484 21644
- 21813 21991 22181 22384 22601 22836 23091 23370
- 23679 24027 24424 24888 25450 26164 27159 28858
+++ /dev/null
-# This is the distribution table for the pareto distribution.
- -5461 -5460 -5460 -5459 -5458 -5457 -5456 -5455
- -5454 -5453 -5452 -5452 -5451 -5450 -5449 -5448
- -5447 -5446 -5445 -5444 -5443 -5443 -5442 -5441
- -5440 -5439 -5438 -5437 -5436 -5435 -5435 -5434
- -5433 -5432 -5431 -5430 -5429 -5428 -5427 -5426
- -5426 -5425 -5424 -5423 -5422 -5421 -5420 -5419
- -5418 -5417 -5417 -5416 -5415 -5414 -5413 -5412
- -5411 -5410 -5409 -5408 -5407 -5407 -5406 -5405
- -5404 -5403 -5402 -5401 -5400 -5399 -5398 -5397
- -5397 -5396 -5395 -5394 -5393 -5392 -5391 -5390
- -5389 -5388 -5387 -5387 -5386 -5385 -5384 -5383
- -5382 -5381 -5380 -5379 -5378 -5377 -5376 -5376
- -5375 -5374 -5373 -5372 -5371 -5370 -5369 -5368
- -5367 -5366 -5365 -5365 -5364 -5363 -5362 -5361
- -5360 -5359 -5358 -5357 -5356 -5355 -5354 -5353
- -5353 -5352 -5351 -5350 -5349 -5348 -5347 -5346
- -5345 -5344 -5343 -5342 -5341 -5340 -5340 -5339
- -5338 -5337 -5336 -5335 -5334 -5333 -5332 -5331
- -5330 -5329 -5328 -5327 -5327 -5326 -5325 -5324
- -5323 -5322 -5321 -5320 -5319 -5318 -5317 -5316
- -5315 -5314 -5313 -5312 -5312 -5311 -5310 -5309
- -5308 -5307 -5306 -5305 -5304 -5303 -5302 -5301
- -5300 -5299 -5298 -5297 -5296 -5296 -5295 -5294
- -5293 -5292 -5291 -5290 -5289 -5288 -5287 -5286
- -5285 -5284 -5283 -5282 -5281 -5280 -5279 -5278
- -5278 -5277 -5276 -5275 -5274 -5273 -5272 -5271
- -5270 -5269 -5268 -5267 -5266 -5265 -5264 -5263
- -5262 -5261 -5260 -5259 -5258 -5258 -5257 -5256
- -5255 -5254 -5253 -5252 -5251 -5250 -5249 -5248
- -5247 -5246 -5245 -5244 -5243 -5242 -5241 -5240
- -5239 -5238 -5237 -5236 -5235 -5234 -5233 -5233
- -5232 -5231 -5230 -5229 -5228 -5227 -5226 -5225
- -5224 -5223 -5222 -5221 -5220 -5219 -5218 -5217
- -5216 -5215 -5214 -5213 -5212 -5211 -5210 -5209
- -5208 -5207 -5206 -5205 -5204 -5203 -5202 -5201
- -5200 -5199 -5199 -5198 -5197 -5196 -5195 -5194
- -5193 -5192 -5191 -5190 -5189 -5188 -5187 -5186
- -5185 -5184 -5183 -5182 -5181 -5180 -5179 -5178
- -5177 -5176 -5175 -5174 -5173 -5172 -5171 -5170
- -5169 -5168 -5167 -5166 -5165 -5164 -5163 -5162
- -5161 -5160 -5159 -5158 -5157 -5156 -5155 -5154
- -5153 -5152 -5151 -5150 -5149 -5148 -5147 -5146
- -5145 -5144 -5143 -5142 -5141 -5140 -5139 -5138
- -5137 -5136 -5135 -5134 -5133 -5132 -5131 -5130
- -5129 -5128 -5127 -5126 -5125 -5124 -5123 -5122
- -5121 -5120 -5119 -5118 -5117 -5116 -5115 -5114
- -5113 -5112 -5111 -5110 -5109 -5108 -5107 -5106
- -5105 -5104 -5103 -5102 -5101 -5100 -5099 -5098
- -5097 -5096 -5095 -5094 -5093 -5092 -5091 -5090
- -5089 -5088 -5087 -5086 -5085 -5084 -5083 -5082
- -5081 -5080 -5079 -5078 -5077 -5076 -5075 -5074
- -5073 -5072 -5071 -5069 -5068 -5067 -5066 -5065
- -5064 -5063 -5062 -5061 -5060 -5059 -5058 -5057
- -5056 -5055 -5054 -5053 -5052 -5051 -5050 -5049
- -5048 -5047 -5046 -5045 -5044 -5043 -5042 -5041
- -5040 -5039 -5038 -5037 -5036 -5034 -5033 -5032
- -5031 -5030 -5029 -5028 -5027 -5026 -5025 -5024
- -5023 -5022 -5021 -5020 -5019 -5018 -5017 -5016
- -5015 -5014 -5013 -5012 -5011 -5009 -5008 -5007
- -5006 -5005 -5004 -5003 -5002 -5001 -5000 -4999
- -4998 -4997 -4996 -4995 -4994 -4993 -4992 -4991
- -4990 -4989 -4987 -4986 -4985 -4984 -4983 -4982
- -4981 -4980 -4979 -4978 -4977 -4976 -4975 -4974
- -4973 -4972 -4971 -4969 -4968 -4967 -4966 -4965
- -4964 -4963 -4962 -4961 -4960 -4959 -4958 -4957
- -4956 -4955 -4954 -4952 -4951 -4950 -4949 -4948
- -4947 -4946 -4945 -4944 -4943 -4942 -4941 -4940
- -4939 -4938 -4936 -4935 -4934 -4933 -4932 -4931
- -4930 -4929 -4928 -4927 -4926 -4925 -4924 -4922
- -4921 -4920 -4919 -4918 -4917 -4916 -4915 -4914
- -4913 -4912 -4911 -4909 -4908 -4907 -4906 -4905
- -4904 -4903 -4902 -4901 -4900 -4899 -4898 -4896
- -4895 -4894 -4893 -4892 -4891 -4890 -4889 -4888
- -4887 -4886 -4884 -4883 -4882 -4881 -4880 -4879
- -4878 -4877 -4876 -4875 -4874 -4872 -4871 -4870
- -4869 -4868 -4867 -4866 -4865 -4864 -4863 -4861
- -4860 -4859 -4858 -4857 -4856 -4855 -4854 -4853
- -4852 -4850 -4849 -4848 -4847 -4846 -4845 -4844
- -4843 -4842 -4840 -4839 -4838 -4837 -4836 -4835
- -4834 -4833 -4832 -4830 -4829 -4828 -4827 -4826
- -4825 -4824 -4823 -4822 -4820 -4819 -4818 -4817
- -4816 -4815 -4814 -4813 -4811 -4810 -4809 -4808
- -4807 -4806 -4805 -4804 -4803 -4801 -4800 -4799
- -4798 -4797 -4796 -4795 -4794 -4792 -4791 -4790
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- 2972 2981 2990 2999 3008 3016 3025 3034
- 3043 3052 3061 3070 3079 3088 3097 3106
- 3115 3124 3133 3142 3151 3160 3169 3178
- 3187 3197 3206 3215 3224 3233 3243 3252
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- 3336 3346 3355 3365 3374 3384 3393 3403
- 3412 3422 3432 3441 3451 3461 3470 3480
- 3490 3499 3509 3519 3529 3539 3549 3558
- 3568 3578 3588 3598 3608 3618 3628 3638
- 3648 3658 3668 3678 3688 3699 3709 3719
- 3729 3739 3750 3760 3770 3781 3791 3801
- 3812 3822 3832 3843 3853 3864 3874 3885
- 3895 3906 3917 3927 3938 3948 3959 3970
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- 5024 5037 5051 5064 5077 5090 5104 5117
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- 8183 8206 8228 8251 8274 8298 8321 8344
- 8367 8391 8415 8438 8462 8486 8510 8534
- 8558 8582 8606 8631 8655 8680 8705 8729
- 8754 8779 8804 8830 8855 8880 8906 8931
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- 9166 9193 9220 9247 9274 9301 9328 9356
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- 10080 10110 10141 10172 10203 10235 10266 10298
- 10329 10361 10393 10426 10458 10490 10523 10556
- 10589 10622 10655 10689 10722 10756 10790 10824
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- 11432 11470 11507 11545 11583 11622 11660 11699
- 11738 11777 11816 11856 11896 11936 11976 12017
- 12058 12098 12140 12181 12223 12265 12307 12349
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- 12743 12788 12834 12879 12925 12971 13018 13065
- 13112 13159 13207 13255 13303 13352 13401 13450
- 13500 13550 13600 13651 13702 13753 13805 13857
- 13909 13962 14015 14069 14123 14177 14232 14287
- 14342 14398 14454 14511 14568 14626 14684 14742
- 14801 14860 14920 14980 15041 15102 15164 15226
- 15288 15351 15415 15479 15544 15609 15675 15741
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- 16363 16435 16508 16581 16655 16730 16805 16881
- 16958 17036 17114 17193 17273 17353 17435 17517
- 17600 17683 17768 17853 17939 18027 18115 18203
- 18293 18384 18476 18569 18662 18757 18853 18950
- 19047 19146 19246 19348 19450 19554 19658 19764
- 19872 19980 20090 20201 20314 20428 20543 20660
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- 21783 21917 22052 22189 22329 22470 22613 22759
- 22907 23056 23209 23363 23521 23680 23842 24007
- 24175 24345 24519 24695 24874 25057 25243 25432
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- 27307 27537 27771 28011 28257 28508 28764 29027
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- 31704 32042 32391 32750 32767 32767 32767 32767
- 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767
- 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767
- 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767
- 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767
- 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767 32767
+++ /dev/null
-# This is the distribution table for the paretonormal distribution.
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--- /dev/null
+.TH CBQ 8 "8 December 2001" "iproute2" "Linux"
+.SH NAME
+CBQ \- Class Based Queueing
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tc qdisc ... dev
+dev
+.B ( parent
+classid
+.B | root) [ handle
+major:
+.B ] cbq avpkt
+bytes
+.B bandwidth
+rate
+.B [ cell
+bytes
+.B ] [ ewma
+log
+.B ] [ mpu
+bytes
+.B ]
+
+.B tc class ... dev
+dev
+.B parent
+major:[minor]
+.B [ classid
+major:minor
+.B ] cbq allot
+bytes
+.B [ bandwidth
+rate
+.B ] [ rate
+rate
+.B ] prio
+priority
+.B [ weight
+weight
+.B ] [ minburst
+packets
+.B ] [ maxburst
+packets
+.B ] [ ewma
+log
+.B ] [ cell
+bytes
+.B ] avpkt
+bytes
+.B [ mpu
+bytes
+.B ] [ bounded isolated ] [ split
+handle
+.B & defmap
+defmap
+.B ] [ estimator
+interval timeconstant
+.B ]
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Class Based Queueing is a classful qdisc that implements a rich
+linksharing hierarchy of classes. It contains shaping elements as
+well as prioritizing capabilities. Shaping is performed using link
+idle time calculations based on the timing of dequeue events and
+underlying link bandwidth.
+
+.SH SHAPING ALGORITHM
+Shaping is done using link idle time calculations, and actions taken if
+these calculations deviate from set limits.
+
+When shaping a 10mbit/s connection to 1mbit/s, the link will
+be idle 90% of the time. If it isn't, it needs to be throttled so that it
+IS idle 90% of the time.
+
+From the kernel's perspective, this is hard to measure, so CBQ instead
+derives the idle time from the number of microseconds (in fact, jiffies)
+that elapse between requests from the device driver for more data. Combined
+with the knowledge of packet sizes, this is used to approximate how full or
+empty the link is.
+
+This is rather circumspect and doesn't always arrive at proper
+results. For example, what is the actual link speed of an interface
+that is not really able to transmit the full 100mbit/s of data,
+perhaps because of a badly implemented driver? A PCMCIA network card
+will also never achieve 100mbit/s because of the way the bus is
+designed - again, how do we calculate the idle time?
+
+The physical link bandwidth may be ill defined in case of not-quite-real
+network devices like PPP over Ethernet or PPTP over TCP/IP. The effective
+bandwidth in that case is probably determined by the efficiency of pipes
+to userspace - which not defined.
+
+During operations, the effective idletime is measured using an
+exponential weighted moving average (EWMA), which considers recent
+packets to be exponentially more important than past ones. The Unix
+loadaverage is calculated in the same way.
+
+The calculated idle time is subtracted from the EWMA measured one,
+the resulting number is called 'avgidle'. A perfectly loaded link has
+an avgidle of zero: packets arrive exactly at the calculated
+interval.
+
+An overloaded link has a negative avgidle and if it gets too negative,
+CBQ throttles and is then 'overlimit'.
+
+Conversely, an idle link might amass a huge avgidle, which would then
+allow infinite bandwidths after a few hours of silence. To prevent
+this, avgidle is capped at
+.B maxidle.
+
+If overlimit, in theory, the CBQ could throttle itself for exactly the
+amount of time that was calculated to pass between packets, and then
+pass one packet, and throttle again. Due to timer resolution constraints,
+this may not be feasible, see the
+.B minburst
+parameter below.
+
+.SH CLASSIFICATION
+Within the one CBQ instance many classes may exist. Each of these classes
+contains another qdisc, by default
+.BR tc-pfifo (8).
+
+When enqueueing a packet, CBQ starts at the root and uses various methods to
+determine which class should receive the data. If a verdict is reached, this
+process is repeated for the recipient class which might have further
+means of classifying traffic to its children, if any.
+
+CBQ has the following methods available to classify a packet to any child
+classes.
+.TP
+(i)
+.B skb->priority class encoding.
+Can be set from userspace by an application with the
+.B SO_PRIORITY
+setsockopt.
+The
+.B skb->priority class encoding
+only applies if the skb->priority holds a major:minor handle of an existing
+class within this qdisc.
+.TP
+(ii)
+tc filters attached to the class.
+.TP
+(iii)
+The defmap of a class, as set with the
+.B split & defmap
+parameters. The defmap may contain instructions for each possible Linux packet
+priority.
+
+.P
+Each class also has a
+.B level.
+Leaf nodes, attached to the bottom of the class hierarchy, have a level of 0.
+.SH CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM
+
+Classification is a loop, which terminates when a leaf class is found. At any
+point the loop may jump to the fallback algorithm.
+
+The loop consists of the following steps:
+.TP
+(i)
+If the packet is generated locally and has a valid classid encoded within its
+.B skb->priority,
+choose it and terminate.
+
+.TP
+(ii)
+Consult the tc filters, if any, attached to this child. If these return
+a class which is not a leaf class, restart loop from the class returned.
+If it is a leaf, choose it and terminate.
+.TP
+(iii)
+If the tc filters did not return a class, but did return a classid,
+try to find a class with that id within this qdisc.
+Check if the found class is of a lower
+.B level
+than the current class. If so, and the returned class is not a leaf node,
+restart the loop at the found class. If it is a leaf node, terminate.
+If we found an upward reference to a higher level, enter the fallback
+algorithm.
+.TP
+(iv)
+If the tc filters did not return a class, nor a valid reference to one,
+consider the minor number of the reference to be the priority. Retrieve
+a class from the defmap of this class for the priority. If this did not
+contain a class, consult the defmap of this class for the
+.B BEST_EFFORT
+class. If this is an upward reference, or no
+.B BEST_EFFORT
+class was defined,
+enter the fallback algorithm. If a valid class was found, and it is not a
+leaf node, restart the loop at this class. If it is a leaf, choose it and
+terminate. If
+neither the priority distilled from the classid, nor the
+.B BEST_EFFORT
+priority yielded a class, enter the fallback algorithm.
+.P
+The fallback algorithm resides outside of the loop and is as follows.
+.TP
+(i)
+Consult the defmap of the class at which the jump to fallback occured. If
+the defmap contains a class for the
+.B
+priority
+of the class (which is related to the TOS field), choose this class and
+terminate.
+.TP
+(ii)
+Consult the map for a class for the
+.B BEST_EFFORT
+priority. If found, choose it, and terminate.
+.TP
+(iii)
+Choose the class at which break out to the fallback algorithm occured. Terminate.
+.P
+The packet is enqueued to the class which was chosen when either algorithm
+terminated. It is therefore possible for a packet to be enqueued *not* at a
+leaf node, but in the middle of the hierarchy.
+
+.SH LINK SHARING ALGORITHM
+When dequeuing for sending to the network device, CBQ decides which of its
+classes will be allowed to send. It does so with a Weighted Round Robin process
+in which each class with packets gets a chance to send in turn. The WRR process
+starts by asking the highest priority classes (lowest numerically -
+highest semantically) for packets, and will continue to do so until they
+have no more data to offer, in which case the process repeats for lower
+priorities.
+
+.B CERTAINTY ENDS HERE, ANK PLEASE HELP
+
+Each class is not allowed to send at length though - they can only dequeue a
+configurable amount of data during each round.
+
+If a class is about to go overlimit, and it is not
+.B bounded
+it will try to borrow avgidle from siblings that are not
+.B isolated.
+This process is repeated from the bottom upwards. If a class is unable
+to borrow enough avgidle to send a packet, it is throttled and not asked
+for a packet for enough time for the avgidle to increase above zero.
+
+.B I REALLY NEED HELP FIGURING THIS OUT. REST OF DOCUMENT IS PRETTY CERTAIN
+.B AGAIN.
+
+.SH QDISC
+The root qdisc of a CBQ class tree has the following parameters:
+
+.TP
+parent major:minor | root
+This mandatory parameter determines the place of the CBQ instance, either at the
+.B root
+of an interface or within an existing class.
+.TP
+handle major:
+Like all other qdiscs, the CBQ can be assigned a handle. Should consist only
+of a major number, followed by a colon. Optional.
+.TP
+avpkt bytes
+For calculations, the average packet size must be known. It is silently capped
+at a minimum of 2/3 of the interface MTU. Mandatory.
+.TP
+bandwidth rate
+To determine the idle time, CBQ must know the bandwidth of your underlying
+physical interface, or parent qdisc. This is a vital parameter, more about it
+later. Mandatory.
+.TP
+cell
+The cell size determines he granularity of packet transmission time calculations. Has a sensible default.
+.TP
+mpu
+A zero sized packet may still take time to transmit. This value is the lower
+cap for packet transmission time calculations - packets smaller than this value
+are still deemed to have this size. Defaults to zero.
+.TP
+ewma log
+When CBQ needs to measure the average idle time, it does so using an
+Exponentially Weighted Moving Average which smoothes out measurements into
+a moving average. The EWMA LOG determines how much smoothing occurs. Defaults
+to 5. Lower values imply greater sensitivity. Must be between 0 and 31.
+.P
+A CBQ qdisc does not shape out of its own accord. It only needs to know certain
+parameters about the underlying link. Actual shaping is done in classes.
+
+.SH CLASSES
+Classes have a host of parameters to configure their operation.
+
+.TP
+parent major:minor
+Place of this class within the hierarchy. If attached directly to a qdisc
+and not to another class, minor can be omitted. Mandatory.
+.TP
+classid major:minor
+Like qdiscs, classes can be named. The major number must be equal to the
+major number of the qdisc to which it belongs. Optional, but needed if this
+class is going to have children.
+.TP
+weight weight
+When dequeuing to the interface, classes are tried for traffic in a
+round-robin fashion. Classes with a higher configured qdisc will generally
+have more traffic to offer during each round, so it makes sense to allow
+it to dequeue more traffic. All weights under a class are normalized, so
+only the ratios matter. Defaults to the configured rate, unless the priority
+of this class is maximal, in which case it is set to 1.
+.TP
+allot bytes
+Allot specifies how many bytes a qdisc can dequeue
+during each round of the process. This parameter is weighted using the
+renormalized class weight described above.
+
+.TP
+priority priority
+In the round-robin process, classes with the lowest priority field are tried
+for packets first. Mandatory.
+
+.TP
+rate rate
+Maximum rate this class and all its children combined can send at. Mandatory.
+
+.TP
+bandwidth rate
+This is different from the bandwidth specified when creating a CBQ disc. Only
+used to determine maxidle and offtime, which are only calculated when
+specifying maxburst or minburst. Mandatory if specifying maxburst or minburst.
+
+.TP
+maxburst
+This number of packets is used to calculate maxidle so that when
+avgidle is at maxidle, this number of average packets can be burst
+before avgidle drops to 0. Set it higher to be more tolerant of
+bursts. You can't set maxidle directly, only via this parameter.
+
+.TP
+minburst
+As mentioned before, CBQ needs to throttle in case of
+overlimit. The ideal solution is to do so for exactly the calculated
+idle time, and pass 1 packet. However, Unix kernels generally have a
+hard time scheduling events shorter than 10ms, so it is better to
+throttle for a longer period, and then pass minburst packets in one
+go, and then sleep minburst times longer.
+
+The time to wait is called the offtime. Higher values of minburst lead
+to more accurate shaping in the long term, but to bigger bursts at
+millisecond timescales.
+
+.TP
+minidle
+If avgidle is below 0, we are overlimits and need to wait until
+avgidle will be big enough to send one packet. To prevent a sudden
+burst from shutting down the link for a prolonged period of time,
+avgidle is reset to minidle if it gets too low.
+
+Minidle is specified in negative microseconds, so 10 means that
+avgidle is capped at -10us.
+
+.TP
+bounded
+Signifies that this class will not borrow bandwidth from its siblings.
+.TP
+isolated
+Means that this class will not borrow bandwidth to its siblings
+
+.TP
+split major:minor & defmap bitmap[/bitmap]
+If consulting filters attached to a class did not give a verdict,
+CBQ can also classify based on the packet's priority. There are 16
+priorities available, numbered from 0 to 15.
+
+The defmap specifies which priorities this class wants to receive,
+specified as a bitmap. The Least Significant Bit corresponds to priority
+zero. The
+.B split
+parameter tells CBQ at which class the decision must be made, which should
+be a (grand)parent of the class you are adding.
+
+As an example, 'tc class add ... classid 10:1 cbq .. split 10:0 defmap c0'
+configures class 10:0 to send packets with priorities 6 and 7 to 10:1.
+
+The complimentary configuration would then
+be: 'tc class add ... classid 10:2 cbq ... split 10:0 defmap 3f'
+Which would send all packets 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 to 10:1.
+.TP
+estimator interval timeconstant
+CBQ can measure how much bandwidth each class is using, which tc filters
+can use to classify packets with. In order to determine the bandwidth
+it uses a very simple estimator that measures once every
+.B interval
+microseconds how much traffic has passed. This again is a EWMA, for which
+the time constant can be specified, also in microseconds. The
+.B time constant
+corresponds to the sluggishness of the measurement or, conversely, to the
+sensitivity of the average to short bursts. Higher values mean less
+sensitivity.
+
+
+
+.SH SOURCES
+.TP
+o
+Sally Floyd and Van Jacobson, "Link-sharing and Resource
+Management Models for Packet Networks",
+IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol.3, No.4, 1995
+
+.TP
+o
+Sally Floyd, "Notes on CBQ and Guarantee Service", 1995
+
+.TP
+o
+Sally Floyd, "Notes on Class-Based Queueing: Setting
+Parameters", 1996
+
+.TP
+o
+Sally Floyd and Michael Speer, "Experimental Results
+for Class-Based Queueing", 1998, not published.
+
+
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR tc (8)
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+Alexey N. Kuznetsov, <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. This manpage maintained by
+bert hubert <ahu@ds9a.nl>
+
+
--- /dev/null
+.TH CBQ 8 "16 December 2001" "iproute2" "Linux"
+.SH NAME
+CBQ \- Class Based Queueing
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tc qdisc ... dev
+dev
+.B ( parent
+classid
+.B | root) [ handle
+major:
+.B ] cbq [ allot
+bytes
+.B ] avpkt
+bytes
+.B bandwidth
+rate
+.B [ cell
+bytes
+.B ] [ ewma
+log
+.B ] [ mpu
+bytes
+.B ]
+
+.B tc class ... dev
+dev
+.B parent
+major:[minor]
+.B [ classid
+major:minor
+.B ] cbq allot
+bytes
+.B [ bandwidth
+rate
+.B ] [ rate
+rate
+.B ] prio
+priority
+.B [ weight
+weight
+.B ] [ minburst
+packets
+.B ] [ maxburst
+packets
+.B ] [ ewma
+log
+.B ] [ cell
+bytes
+.B ] avpkt
+bytes
+.B [ mpu
+bytes
+.B ] [ bounded isolated ] [ split
+handle
+.B & defmap
+defmap
+.B ] [ estimator
+interval timeconstant
+.B ]
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Class Based Queueing is a classful qdisc that implements a rich
+linksharing hierarchy of classes. It contains shaping elements as
+well as prioritizing capabilities. Shaping is performed using link
+idle time calculations based on the timing of dequeue events and
+underlying link bandwidth.
+
+.SH SHAPING ALGORITHM
+When shaping a 10mbit/s connection to 1mbit/s, the link will
+be idle 90% of the time. If it isn't, it needs to be throttled so that it
+IS idle 90% of the time.
+
+During operations, the effective idletime is measured using an
+exponential weighted moving average (EWMA), which considers recent
+packets to be exponentially more important than past ones. The Unix
+loadaverage is calculated in the same way.
+
+The calculated idle time is subtracted from the EWMA measured one,
+the resulting number is called 'avgidle'. A perfectly loaded link has
+an avgidle of zero: packets arrive exactly at the calculated
+interval.
+
+An overloaded link has a negative avgidle and if it gets too negative,
+CBQ throttles and is then 'overlimit'.
+
+Conversely, an idle link might amass a huge avgidle, which would then
+allow infinite bandwidths after a few hours of silence. To prevent
+this, avgidle is capped at
+.B maxidle.
+
+If overlimit, in theory, the CBQ could throttle itself for exactly the
+amount of time that was calculated to pass between packets, and then
+pass one packet, and throttle again. Due to timer resolution constraints,
+this may not be feasible, see the
+.B minburst
+parameter below.
+
+.SH CLASSIFICATION
+Within the one CBQ instance many classes may exist. Each of these classes
+contains another qdisc, by default
+.BR tc-pfifo (8).
+
+When enqueueing a packet, CBQ starts at the root and uses various methods to
+determine which class should receive the data.
+
+In the absence of uncommon configuration options, the process is rather easy.
+At each node we look for an instruction, and then go to the class the
+instruction refers us to. If the class found is a barren leaf-node (without
+children), we enqueue the packet there. If it is not yet a leaf node, we do
+the whole thing over again starting from that node.
+
+The following actions are performed, in order at each node we visit, until one
+sends us to another node, or terminates the process.
+.TP
+(i)
+Consult filters attached to the class. If sent to a leafnode, we are done.
+Otherwise, restart.
+.TP
+(ii)
+Consult the defmap for the priority assigned to this packet, which depends
+on the TOS bits. Check if the referral is leafless, otherwise restart.
+.TP
+(iii)
+Ask the defmap for instructions for the 'best effort' priority. Check the
+answer for leafness, otherwise restart.
+.TP
+(iv)
+If none of the above returned with an instruction, enqueue at this node.
+.P
+This algorithm makes sure that a packet always ends up somewhere, even while
+you are busy building your configuration.
+
+For more details, see
+.BR tc-cbq-details(8).
+
+.SH LINK SHARING ALGORITHM
+When dequeuing for sending to the network device, CBQ decides which of its
+classes will be allowed to send. It does so with a Weighted Round Robin process
+in which each class with packets gets a chance to send in turn. The WRR process
+starts by asking the highest priority classes (lowest numerically -
+highest semantically) for packets, and will continue to do so until they
+have no more data to offer, in which case the process repeats for lower
+priorities.
+
+Classes by default borrow bandwidth from their siblings. A class can be
+prevented from doing so by declaring it 'bounded'. A class can also indicate
+its unwillingness to lend out bandwidth by being 'isolated'.
+
+.SH QDISC
+The root of a CBQ qdisc class tree has the following parameters:
+
+.TP
+parent major:minor | root
+This mandatory parameter determines the place of the CBQ instance, either at the
+.B root
+of an interface or within an existing class.
+.TP
+handle major:
+Like all other qdiscs, the CBQ can be assigned a handle. Should consist only
+of a major number, followed by a colon. Optional, but very useful if classes
+will be generated within this qdisc.
+.TP
+allot bytes
+This allotment is the 'chunkiness' of link sharing and is used for determining packet
+transmission time tables. The qdisc allot differs slightly from the class allot discussed
+below. Optional. Defaults to a reasonable value, related to avpkt.
+.TP
+avpkt bytes
+The average size of a packet is needed for calculating maxidle, and is also used
+for making sure 'allot' has a safe value. Mandatory.
+.TP
+bandwidth rate
+To determine the idle time, CBQ must know the bandwidth of your underlying
+physical interface, or parent qdisc. This is a vital parameter, more about it
+later. Mandatory.
+.TP
+cell
+The cell size determines he granularity of packet transmission time calculations. Has a sensible default.
+.TP
+mpu
+A zero sized packet may still take time to transmit. This value is the lower
+cap for packet transmission time calculations - packets smaller than this value
+are still deemed to have this size. Defaults to zero.
+.TP
+ewma log
+When CBQ needs to measure the average idle time, it does so using an
+Exponentially Weighted Moving Average which smoothes out measurements into
+a moving average. The EWMA LOG determines how much smoothing occurs. Lower
+values imply greater sensitivity. Must be between 0 and 31. Defaults
+to 5.
+.P
+A CBQ qdisc does not shape out of its own accord. It only needs to know certain
+parameters about the underlying link. Actual shaping is done in classes.
+
+.SH CLASSES
+Classes have a host of parameters to configure their operation.
+
+.TP
+parent major:minor
+Place of this class within the hierarchy. If attached directly to a qdisc
+and not to another class, minor can be omitted. Mandatory.
+.TP
+classid major:minor
+Like qdiscs, classes can be named. The major number must be equal to the
+major number of the qdisc to which it belongs. Optional, but needed if this
+class is going to have children.
+.TP
+weight weight
+When dequeuing to the interface, classes are tried for traffic in a
+round-robin fashion. Classes with a higher configured qdisc will generally
+have more traffic to offer during each round, so it makes sense to allow
+it to dequeue more traffic. All weights under a class are normalized, so
+only the ratios matter. Defaults to the configured rate, unless the priority
+of this class is maximal, in which case it is set to 1.
+.TP
+allot bytes
+Allot specifies how many bytes a qdisc can dequeue
+during each round of the process. This parameter is weighted using the
+renormalized class weight described above. Silently capped at a minimum of
+3/2 avpkt. Mandatory.
+
+.TP
+prio priority
+In the round-robin process, classes with the lowest priority field are tried
+for packets first. Mandatory.
+
+.TP
+avpkt
+See the QDISC section.
+
+.TP
+rate rate
+Maximum rate this class and all its children combined can send at. Mandatory.
+
+.TP
+bandwidth rate
+This is different from the bandwidth specified when creating a CBQ disc! Only
+used to determine maxidle and offtime, which are only calculated when
+specifying maxburst or minburst. Mandatory if specifying maxburst or minburst.
+
+.TP
+maxburst
+This number of packets is used to calculate maxidle so that when
+avgidle is at maxidle, this number of average packets can be burst
+before avgidle drops to 0. Set it higher to be more tolerant of
+bursts. You can't set maxidle directly, only via this parameter.
+
+.TP
+minburst
+As mentioned before, CBQ needs to throttle in case of
+overlimit. The ideal solution is to do so for exactly the calculated
+idle time, and pass 1 packet. However, Unix kernels generally have a
+hard time scheduling events shorter than 10ms, so it is better to
+throttle for a longer period, and then pass minburst packets in one
+go, and then sleep minburst times longer.
+
+The time to wait is called the offtime. Higher values of minburst lead
+to more accurate shaping in the long term, but to bigger bursts at
+millisecond timescales. Optional.
+
+.TP
+minidle
+If avgidle is below 0, we are overlimits and need to wait until
+avgidle will be big enough to send one packet. To prevent a sudden
+burst from shutting down the link for a prolonged period of time,
+avgidle is reset to minidle if it gets too low.
+
+Minidle is specified in negative microseconds, so 10 means that
+avgidle is capped at -10us. Optional.
+
+.TP
+bounded
+Signifies that this class will not borrow bandwidth from its siblings.
+.TP
+isolated
+Means that this class will not borrow bandwidth to its siblings
+
+.TP
+split major:minor & defmap bitmap[/bitmap]
+If consulting filters attached to a class did not give a verdict,
+CBQ can also classify based on the packet's priority. There are 16
+priorities available, numbered from 0 to 15.
+
+The defmap specifies which priorities this class wants to receive,
+specified as a bitmap. The Least Significant Bit corresponds to priority
+zero. The
+.B split
+parameter tells CBQ at which class the decision must be made, which should
+be a (grand)parent of the class you are adding.
+
+As an example, 'tc class add ... classid 10:1 cbq .. split 10:0 defmap c0'
+configures class 10:0 to send packets with priorities 6 and 7 to 10:1.
+
+The complimentary configuration would then
+be: 'tc class add ... classid 10:2 cbq ... split 10:0 defmap 3f'
+Which would send all packets 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 to 10:1.
+.TP
+estimator interval timeconstant
+CBQ can measure how much bandwidth each class is using, which tc filters
+can use to classify packets with. In order to determine the bandwidth
+it uses a very simple estimator that measures once every
+.B interval
+microseconds how much traffic has passed. This again is a EWMA, for which
+the time constant can be specified, also in microseconds. The
+.B time constant
+corresponds to the sluggishness of the measurement or, conversely, to the
+sensitivity of the average to short bursts. Higher values mean less
+sensitivity.
+
+.SH BUGS
+The actual bandwidth of the underlying link may not be known, for example
+in the case of PPoE or PPTP connections which in fact may send over a
+pipe, instead of over a physical device. CBQ is quite resilient to major
+errors in the configured bandwidth, probably a the cost of coarser shaping.
+
+Default kernels rely on coarse timing information for making decisions. These
+may make shaping precise in the long term, but inaccurate on second long scales.
+
+See
+.BR tc-cbq-details(8)
+for hints on how to improve this.
+
+.SH SOURCES
+.TP
+o
+Sally Floyd and Van Jacobson, "Link-sharing and Resource
+Management Models for Packet Networks",
+IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol.3, No.4, 1995
+
+.TP
+o
+Sally Floyd, "Notes on CBQ and Guaranteed Service", 1995
+
+.TP
+o
+Sally Floyd, "Notes on Class-Based Queueing: Setting
+Parameters", 1996
+
+.TP
+o
+Sally Floyd and Michael Speer, "Experimental Results
+for Class-Based Queueing", 1998, not published.
+
+
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR tc (8)
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+Alexey N. Kuznetsov, <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. This manpage maintained by
+bert hubert <ahu@ds9a.nl>
+
+
--- /dev/null
+.TH HTB 8 "10 January 2002" "iproute2" "Linux"
+.SH NAME
+HTB \- Hierarchy Token Bucket
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tc qdisc ... dev
+dev
+.B ( parent
+classid
+.B | root) [ handle
+major:
+.B ] htb [ default
+minor-id
+.B ]
+
+.B tc class ... dev
+dev
+.B parent
+major:[minor]
+.B [ classid
+major:minor
+.B ] htb rate
+rate
+.B [ ceil
+rate
+.B ] burst
+bytes
+.B [ cburst
+bytes
+.B ] [ prio
+priority
+.B ]
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+HTB is meant as a more understandable and intuitive replacement for
+the CBQ qdisc in Linux. Both CBQ and HTB help you to control the use
+of the outbound bandwidth on a given link. Both allow you to use one
+physical link to simulate several slower links and to send different
+kinds of traffic on different simulated links. In both cases, you have
+to specify how to divide the physical link into simulated links and
+how to decide which simulated link to use for a given packet to be sent.
+
+Unlike CBQ, HTB shapes traffic based on the Token Bucket Filter algorithm
+which does not depend on interface characteristics and so does not need to
+know the underlying bandwidth of the outgoing interface.
+
+.SH SHAPING ALGORITHM
+Shaping works as documented in
+.B tc-tbf (8).
+
+.SH CLASSIFICATION
+Within the one HRB instance many classes may exist. Each of these classes
+contains another qdisc, by default
+.BR tc-pfifo (8).
+
+When enqueueing a packet, HTB starts at the root and uses various methods to
+determine which class should receive the data.
+
+In the absence of uncommon configuration options, the process is rather easy.
+At each node we look for an instruction, and then go to the class the
+instruction refers us to. If the class found is a barren leaf-node (without
+children), we enqueue the packet there. If it is not yet a leaf node, we do
+the whole thing over again starting from that node.
+
+The following actions are performed, in order at each node we visit, until one
+sends us to another node, or terminates the process.
+.TP
+(i)
+Consult filters attached to the class. If sent to a leafnode, we are done.
+Otherwise, restart.
+.TP
+(ii)
+If none of the above returned with an instruction, enqueue at this node.
+.P
+This algorithm makes sure that a packet always ends up somewhere, even while
+you are busy building your configuration.
+
+.SH LINK SHARING ALGORITHM
+FIXME
+
+.SH QDISC
+The root of a HTB qdisc class tree has the following parameters:
+
+.TP
+parent major:minor | root
+This mandatory parameter determines the place of the HTB instance, either at the
+.B root
+of an interface or within an existing class.
+.TP
+handle major:
+Like all other qdiscs, the HTB can be assigned a handle. Should consist only
+of a major number, followed by a colon. Optional, but very useful if classes
+will be generated within this qdisc.
+.TP
+default minor-id
+Unclassified traffic gets sent to the class with this minor-id.
+
+.SH CLASSES
+Classes have a host of parameters to configure their operation.
+
+.TP
+parent major:minor
+Place of this class within the hierarchy. If attached directly to a qdisc
+and not to another class, minor can be omitted. Mandatory.
+.TP
+classid major:minor
+Like qdiscs, classes can be named. The major number must be equal to the
+major number of the qdisc to which it belongs. Optional, but needed if this
+class is going to have children.
+.TP
+prio priority
+In the round-robin process, classes with the lowest priority field are tried
+for packets first. Mandatory.
+
+.TP
+rate rate
+Maximum rate this class and all its children are guaranteed. Mandatory.
+
+.TP
+ceil rate
+Maximum rate at which a class can send, if its parent has bandwidth to spare.
+Defaults to the configured rate, which implies no borrowing
+
+.TP
+burst bytes
+Amount of bytes that can be burst at
+.B ceil
+speed, in excess of the configured
+.B rate.
+Should be at least as high as the highest burst of all children.
+
+.TP
+cburst bytes
+Amount of bytes that can be burst at 'infinite' speed, in other words, as fast
+as the interface can transmit them. For perfect evening out, should be equal to at most one average
+packet. Should be at least as high as the highest cburst of all children.
+
+.SH NOTES
+Due to Unix timing constraints, the maximum ceil rate is not infinite and may in fact be quite low. On Intel,
+there are 100 timer events per second, the maximum rate is that rate at which 'burst' bytes are sent each timer tick.
+From this, the mininum burst size for a specified rate can be calculated. For i386, a 10mbit rate requires a 12 kilobyte
+burst as 100*12kb*8 equals 10mbit.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR tc (8)
+.P
+HTB website: http://luxik.cdi.cz/~devik/qos/htb/
+.SH AUTHOR
+Martin Devera <devik@cdi.cz>. This manpage maintained by bert hubert <ahu@ds9a.nl>
+
+
--- /dev/null
+.TH PBFIFO 8 "10 January 2002" "iproute2" "Linux"
+.SH NAME
+pfifo \- Packet limited First In, First Out queue
+.P
+bfifo \- Byte limited First In, First Out queue
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tc qdisc ... add pfifo
+.B [ limit
+packets
+.B ]
+.P
+.B tc qdisc ... add bfifo
+.B [ limit
+bytes
+.B ]
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The pfifo and bfifo qdiscs are unadorned First In, First Out queues. They are the
+simplest queues possible and therefore have no overhead.
+.B pfifo
+constrains the queue size as measured in packets.
+.B bfifo
+does so as measured in bytes.
+
+Like all non-default qdiscs, they maintain statistics. This might be a reason to prefer
+pfifo or bfifo over the default.
+
+.SH ALGORITHM
+A list of packets is maintained, when a packet is enqueued it gets inserted at the tail of
+a list. When a packet needs to be sent out to the network, it is taken from the head of the list.
+
+If the list is too long, no further packets are allowed on. This is called 'tail drop'.
+
+.SH PARAMETERS
+.TP
+limit
+Maximum queue size. Specified in bytes for bfifo, in packets for pfifo. For pfifo, defaults
+to the interface txqueuelen, as specified with
+.BR ifconfig (8)
+or
+.BR ip (8).
+
+For bfifo, it defaults to the txqueuelen multiplied by the interface MTU.
+
+.SH OUTPUT
+The output of
+.B tc -s qdisc ls
+contains the limit, either in packets or in bytes, and the number of bytes
+and packets actually sent. An unsent and dropped packet only appears between braces
+and is not counted as 'Sent'.
+
+In this example, the queue length is 100 packets, 45894 bytes were sent over 681 packets.
+No packets were dropped, and as the pfifo queue does not slow down packets, there were also no
+overlimits:
+.P
+.nf
+# tc -s qdisc ls dev eth0
+qdisc pfifo 8001: dev eth0 limit 100p
+ Sent 45894 bytes 681 pkts (dropped 0, overlimits 0)
+.fi
+
+If a backlog occurs, this is displayed as well.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR tc (8)
+
+.SH AUTHORS
+Alexey N. Kuznetsov, <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>
+
+This manpage maintained by bert hubert <ahu@ds9a.nl>
+
+
--- /dev/null
+.TH PFIFO_FAST 8 "10 January 2002" "iproute2" "Linux"
+.SH NAME
+pfifo_fast \- three-band first in, first out queue
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+pfifo_fast is the default qdisc of each interface.
+
+Whenever an interface is created, the pfifo_fast qdisc is automatically used
+as a queue. If another qdisc is attached, it preempts the default
+pfifo_fast, which automatically returns to function when an existing qdisc
+is detached.
+
+In this sense this qdisc is magic, and unlike other qdiscs.
+
+.SH ALGORITHM
+The algorithm is very similar to that of the classful
+.BR tc-prio (8)
+qdisc.
+.B pfifo_fast
+is like three
+.BR tc-pfifo (8)
+queues side by side, where packets can be enqueued in any of the three bands
+based on their Type of Service bits or assigned priority.
+
+Not all three bands are dequeued simultaneously - as long as lower bands
+have traffic, higher bands are never dequeued. This can be used to
+prioritize interactive traffic or penalize 'lowest cost' traffic.
+
+Each band can be txqueuelen packets long, as configured with
+.BR ifconfig (8)
+or
+.BR ip (8).
+Additional packets coming in are not enqueued but are instead dropped.
+
+See
+.BR tc-prio (8)
+for complete details on how TOS bits are translated into bands.
+.SH PARAMETERS
+.TP
+txqueuelen
+The length of the three bands depends on the interface txqueuelen, as
+specified with
+.BR ifconfig (8)
+or
+.BR ip (8).
+
+.SH BUGS
+Does not maintain statistics and does not show up in tc qdisc ls. This is because
+it is the automatic default in the absence of a configured qdisc.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR tc (8)
+
+.SH AUTHORS
+Alexey N. Kuznetsov, <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>
+
+This manpage maintained by bert hubert <ahu@ds9a.nl>
+
+
--- /dev/null
+.TH PRIO 8 "16 December 2001" "iproute2" "Linux"
+.SH NAME
+PRIO \- Priority qdisc
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tc qdisc ... dev
+dev
+.B ( parent
+classid
+.B | root) [ handle
+major:
+.B ] prio [ bands
+bands
+.B ] [ priomap
+band,band,band...
+.B ] [ estimator
+interval timeconstant
+.B ]
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The PRIO qdisc is a simple classful queueing discipline that contains
+an arbitrary number of classes of differing priority. The classes are
+dequeued in numerical descending order of priority. PRIO is a scheduler
+and never delays packets - it is a work-conserving qdisc, though the qdiscs
+contained in the classes may not be.
+
+Very useful for lowering latency when there is no need for slowing down
+traffic.
+
+.SH ALGORITHM
+On creation with 'tc qdisc add', a fixed number of bands is created. Each
+band is a class, although is not possible to add classes with 'tc qdisc
+add', the number of bands to be created must instead be specified on the
+commandline attaching PRIO to its root.
+
+When dequeueing, band 0 is tried first and only if it did not deliver a
+packet does PRIO try band 1, and so onwards. Maximum reliability packets
+should therefore go to band 0, minimum delay to band 1 and the rest to band
+2.
+
+As the PRIO qdisc itself will have minor number 0, band 0 is actually
+major:1, band 1 is major:2, etc. For major, substitute the major number
+assigned to the qdisc on 'tc qdisc add' with the
+.B handle
+parameter.
+
+.SH CLASSIFICATION
+Three methods are available to PRIO to determine in which band a packet will
+be enqueued.
+.TP
+From userspace
+A process with sufficient privileges can encode the destination class
+directly with SO_PRIORITY, see
+.BR tc(7).
+.TP
+with a tc filter
+A tc filter attached to the root qdisc can point traffic directly to a class
+.TP
+with the priomap
+Based on the packet priority, which in turn is derived from the Type of
+Service assigned to the packet.
+.P
+Only the priomap is specific to this qdisc.
+.SH QDISC PARAMETERS
+.TP
+bands
+Number of bands. If changed from the default of 3,
+.B priomap
+must be updated as well.
+.TP
+priomap
+The priomap maps the priority of
+a packet to a class. The priority can either be set directly from userspace,
+or be derived from the Type of Service of the packet.
+
+Determines how packet priorities, as assigned by the kernel, map to
+bands. Mapping occurs based on the TOS octet of the packet, which looks like
+this:
+
+.nf
+0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
++---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+| | | |
+|PRECEDENCE | TOS |MBZ|
+| | | |
++---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+.fi
+
+The four TOS bits (the 'TOS field') are defined as:
+
+.nf
+Binary Decimcal Meaning
+-----------------------------------------
+1000 8 Minimize delay (md)
+0100 4 Maximize throughput (mt)
+0010 2 Maximize reliability (mr)
+0001 1 Minimize monetary cost (mmc)
+0000 0 Normal Service
+.fi
+
+As there is 1 bit to the right of these four bits, the actual value of the
+TOS field is double the value of the TOS bits. Tcpdump -v -v shows you the
+value of the entire TOS field, not just the four bits. It is the value you
+see in the first column of this table:
+
+.nf
+TOS Bits Means Linux Priority Band
+------------------------------------------------------------
+0x0 0 Normal Service 0 Best Effort 1
+0x2 1 Minimize Monetary Cost 1 Filler 2
+0x4 2 Maximize Reliability 0 Best Effort 1
+0x6 3 mmc+mr 0 Best Effort 1
+0x8 4 Maximize Throughput 2 Bulk 2
+0xa 5 mmc+mt 2 Bulk 2
+0xc 6 mr+mt 2 Bulk 2
+0xe 7 mmc+mr+mt 2 Bulk 2
+0x10 8 Minimize Delay 6 Interactive 0
+0x12 9 mmc+md 6 Interactive 0
+0x14 10 mr+md 6 Interactive 0
+0x16 11 mmc+mr+md 6 Interactive 0
+0x18 12 mt+md 4 Int. Bulk 1
+0x1a 13 mmc+mt+md 4 Int. Bulk 1
+0x1c 14 mr+mt+md 4 Int. Bulk 1
+0x1e 15 mmc+mr+mt+md 4 Int. Bulk 1
+.fi
+
+The second column contains the value of the relevant
+four TOS bits, followed by their translated meaning. For example, 15 stands
+for a packet wanting Minimal Montetary Cost, Maximum Reliability, Maximum
+Throughput AND Minimum Delay.
+
+The fourth column lists the way the Linux kernel interprets the TOS bits, by
+showing to which Priority they are mapped.
+
+The last column shows the result of the default priomap. On the commandline,
+the default priomap looks like this:
+
+ 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 0, 0 , 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
+
+This means that priority 4, for example, gets mapped to band number 1.
+The priomap also allows you to list higher priorities (> 7) which do not
+correspond to TOS mappings, but which are set by other means.
+
+This table from RFC 1349 (read it for more details) explains how
+applications might very well set their TOS bits:
+
+.nf
+TELNET 1000 (minimize delay)
+FTP
+ Control 1000 (minimize delay)
+ Data 0100 (maximize throughput)
+
+TFTP 1000 (minimize delay)
+
+SMTP
+ Command phase 1000 (minimize delay)
+ DATA phase 0100 (maximize throughput)
+
+Domain Name Service
+ UDP Query 1000 (minimize delay)
+ TCP Query 0000
+ Zone Transfer 0100 (maximize throughput)
+
+NNTP 0001 (minimize monetary cost)
+
+ICMP
+ Errors 0000
+ Requests 0000 (mostly)
+ Responses <same as request> (mostly)
+.fi
+
+
+.SH CLASSES
+PRIO classes cannot be configured further - they are automatically created
+when the PRIO qdisc is attached. Each class however can contain yet a
+further qdisc.
+
+.SH BUGS
+Large amounts of traffic in the lower bands can cause starvation of higher
+bands. Can be prevented by attaching a shaper (for example,
+.BR tc-tbf(8)
+to these bands to make sure they cannot dominate the link.
+
+.SH AUTHORS
+Alexey N. Kuznetsov, <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>, J Hadi Salim
+<hadi@cyberus.ca>. This manpage maintained by bert hubert <ahu@ds9a.nl>
+
+
--- /dev/null
+.TH RED 8 "13 December 2001" "iproute2" "Linux"
+.SH NAME
+red \- Random Early Detection
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tc qdisc ... red
+.B limit
+bytes
+.B min
+bytes
+.B max
+bytes
+.B avpkt
+bytes
+.B burst
+packets
+.B [ ecn ] [ bandwidth
+rate
+.B ] probability
+chance
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Random Early Detection is a classless qdisc which manages its queue size
+smartly. Regular queues simply drop packets from the tail when they are
+full, which may not be the optimal behaviour. RED also performs tail drop,
+but does so in a more gradual way.
+
+Once the queue hits a certain average length, packets enqueued have a
+configurable chance of being marked (which may mean dropped). This chance
+increases linearly up to a point called the
+.B max
+average queue length, although the queue might get bigger.
+
+This has a host of benefits over simple taildrop, while not being processor
+intensive. It prevents synchronous retransmits after a burst in traffic,
+which cause further retransmits, etc.
+
+The goal is the have a small queue size, which is good for interactivity
+while not disturbing TCP/IP traffic with too many sudden drops after a burst
+of traffic.
+
+Depending on if ECN is configured, marking either means dropping or
+purely marking a packet as overlimit.
+.SH ALGORITHM
+The average queue size is used for determining the marking
+probability. This is calculated using an Exponential Weighted Moving
+Average, which can be more or less sensitive to bursts.
+
+When the average queue size is below
+.B min
+bytes, no packet will ever be marked. When it exceeds
+.B min,
+the probability of doing so climbs linearly up
+to
+.B probability,
+until the average queue size hits
+.B max
+bytes. Because
+.B probability
+is normally not set to 100%, the queue size might
+conceivably rise above
+.B max
+bytes, so the
+.B limit
+parameter is provided to set a hard maximum for the size of the queue.
+
+.SH PARAMETERS
+.TP
+min
+Average queue size at which marking becomes a possibility.
+.TP
+max
+At this average queue size, the marking probability is maximal. Should be at
+least twice
+.B min
+to prevent synchronous retransmits, higher for low
+.B min.
+.TP
+probability
+Maximum probability for marking, specified as a floating point
+number from 0.0 to 1.0. Suggested values are 0.01 or 0.02 (1 or 2%,
+respectively).
+.TP
+limit
+Hard limit on the real (not average) queue size in bytes. Further packets
+are dropped. Should be set higher than max+burst. It is advised to set this
+a few times higher than
+.B max.
+.TP
+burst
+Used for determining how fast the average queue size is influenced by the
+real queue size. Larger values make the calculation more sluggish, allowing
+longer bursts of traffic before marking starts. Real life experiments
+support the following guideline: (min+min+max)/(3*avpkt).
+.TP
+avpkt
+Specified in bytes. Used with burst to determine the time constant for
+average queue size calculations. 1000 is a good value.
+.TP
+bandwidth
+This rate is used for calculating the average queue size after some
+idle time. Should be set to the bandwidth of your interface. Does not mean
+that RED will shape for you! Optional.
+.TP
+ecn
+As mentioned before, RED can either 'mark' or 'drop'. Explicit Congestion
+Notification allows RED to notify remote hosts that their rate exceeds the
+amount of bandwidth available. Non-ECN capable hosts can only be notified by
+dropping a packet. If this parameter is specified, packets which indicate
+that their hosts honor ECN will only be marked and not dropped, unless the
+queue size hits
+.B limit
+bytes. Needs a tc binary with RED support compiled in. Recommended.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR tc (8)
+
+.SH SOURCES
+.TP
+o
+Floyd, S., and Jacobson, V., Random Early Detection gateways for
+Congestion Avoidance. http://www.aciri.org/floyd/papers/red/red.html
+.TP
+o
+Some changes to the algorithm by Alexey N. Kuznetsov.
+
+.SH AUTHORS
+Alexey N. Kuznetsov, <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>, Alexey Makarenko
+<makar@phoenix.kharkov.ua>, J Hadi Salim <hadi@nortelnetworks.com>.
+This manpage maintained by bert hubert <ahu@ds9a.nl>
+
+
--- /dev/null
+.TH TC 8 "8 December 2001" "iproute2" "Linux"
+.SH NAME
+sfq \- Stochastic Fairness Queueing
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tc qdisc ... perturb
+seconds
+.B quantum
+bytes
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+Stochastic Fairness Queueing is a classless queueing discipline available for
+traffic control with the
+.BR tc (8)
+command.
+
+SFQ does not shape traffic but only schedules the transmission of packets, based on 'flows'.
+The goal is to ensure fairness so that each flow is able to send data in turn, thus preventing
+any single flow from drowning out the rest.
+
+This may in fact have some effect in mitigating a Denial of Service attempt.
+
+SFQ is work-conserving and therefore always delivers a packet if it has one available.
+.SH ALGORITHM
+On enqueueing, each packet is assigned to a hash bucket, based on
+.TP
+(i)
+Source address
+.TP
+(ii)
+Destination address
+.TP
+(iii)
+Source port
+.P
+If these are available. SFQ knows about ipv4 and ipv6 and also UDP, TCP and ESP.
+Packets with other protocols are hashed based on the 32bits representation of their
+destination and the socket they belong to. A flow corresponds mostly to a TCP/IP
+connection.
+
+Each of these buckets should represent a unique flow. Because multiple flows may
+get hashed to the same bucket, the hashing algorithm is perturbed at configurable
+intervals so that the unfairness lasts only for a short while. Perturbation may
+however cause some inadvertent packet reordering to occur.
+
+When dequeuing, each hashbucket with data is queried in a round robin fashion.
+
+The compile time maximum length of the SFQ is 128 packets, which can be spread over
+at most 128 buckets of 1024 available. In case of overflow, tail-drop is performed
+on the fullest bucket, thus maintaining fairness.
+
+.SH PARAMETERS
+.TP
+perturb
+Interval in seconds for queue algorithm perturbation. Defaults to 0, which means that
+no perturbation occurs. Do not set too low for each perturbation may cause some packet
+reordering. Advised value: 10
+.TP
+quantum
+Amount of bytes a flow is allowed to dequeue during a round of the round robin process.
+Defaults to the MTU of the interface which is also the advised value and the minimum value.
+
+.SH EXAMPLE & USAGE
+
+To attach to device ppp0:
+.P
+# tc qdisc add dev ppp0 root sfq perturb 10
+.P
+Please note that SFQ, like all non-shaping (work-conserving) qdiscs, is only useful
+if it owns the queue.
+This is the case when the link speed equals the actually available bandwidth. This holds
+for regular phone modems, ISDN connections and direct non-switched ethernet links.
+.P
+Most often, cable modems and DSL devices do not fall into this category. The same holds
+for when connected to a switch and trying to send data to a congested segment also
+connected to the switch.
+.P
+In this case, the effective queue does not reside within Linux and is therefore not
+available for scheduling.
+.P
+Embed SFQ in a classful qdisc to make sure it owns the queue.
+
+.SH SOURCE
+.TP
+o
+Paul E. McKenney "Stochastic Fairness Queuing",
+IEEE INFOCOMM'90 Proceedings, San Francisco, 1990.
+
+.TP
+o
+Paul E. McKenney "Stochastic Fairness Queuing",
+"Interworking: Research and Experience", v.2, 1991, p.113-131.
+
+.TP
+o
+See also:
+M. Shreedhar and George Varghese "Efficient Fair
+Queuing using Deficit Round Robin", Proc. SIGCOMM 95.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR tc (8)
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+Alexey N. Kuznetsov, <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. This manpage maintained by
+bert hubert <ahu@ds9a.nl>
+
+
--- /dev/null
+.TH TC 8 "13 December 2001" "iproute2" "Linux"
+.SH NAME
+tbf \- Token Bucket Filter
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tc qdisc ... tbf rate
+rate
+.B burst
+bytes/cell
+.B ( latency
+ms
+.B | limit
+bytes
+.B ) [ mpu
+bytes
+.B [ peakrate
+rate
+.B mtu
+bytes/cell
+.B ] ]
+.P
+burst is also known as buffer and maxburst. mtu is also known as minburst.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+The Token Bucket Filter is a classless queueing discipline available for
+traffic control with the
+.BR tc (8)
+command.
+
+TBF is a pure shaper and never schedules traffic. It is non-work-conserving and may throttle
+itself, although packets are available, to ensure that the configured rate is not exceeded.
+On all platforms except for Alpha,
+it is able to shape up to 1mbit/s of normal traffic with ideal minimal burstiness,
+sending out data exactly at the configured rates.
+
+Much higher rates are possible but at the cost of losing the minimal burstiness. In that
+case, data is on average dequeued at the configured rate but may be sent much faster at millisecond
+timescales. Because of further queues living in network adaptors, this is often not a problem.
+
+Kernels with a higher 'HZ' can achieve higher rates with perfect burstiness. On Alpha, HZ is ten
+times higher, leading to a 10mbit/s limit to perfection. These calculations hold for packets of on
+average 1000 bytes.
+
+.SH ALGORITHM
+As the name implies, traffic is filtered based on the expenditure of
+.B tokens.
+Tokens roughly correspond to bytes, with the additional constraint that each packet consumes
+some tokens, no matter how small it is. This reflects the fact that even a zero-sized packet occupies
+the link for some time.
+
+On creation, the TBF is stocked with tokens which correspond to the amount of traffic that can be burst
+in one go. Tokens arrive at a steady rate, until the bucket is full.
+
+If no tokens are available, packets are queued, up to a configured limit. The TBF now
+calculates the token deficit, and throttles until the first packet in the queue can be sent.
+
+If it is not acceptable to burst out packets at maximum speed, a peakrate can be configured
+to limit the speed at which the bucket empties. This peakrate is implemented as a second TBF
+with a very small bucket, so that it doesn't burst.
+
+To achieve perfection, the second bucket may contain only a single packet, which leads to
+the earlier mentioned 1mbit/s limit.
+
+This limit is caused by the fact that the kernel can only throttle for at minimum 1 'jiffy', which depends
+on HZ as 1/HZ. For perfect shaping, only a single packet can get sent per jiffy - for HZ=100, this means 100
+packets of on average 1000 bytes each, which roughly corresponds to 1mbit/s.
+
+.SH PARAMETERS
+See
+.BR tc (8)
+for how to specify the units of these values.
+.TP
+limit or latency
+Limit is the number of bytes that can be queued waiting for tokens to become
+available. You can also specify this the other way around by setting the
+latency parameter, which specifies the maximum amount of time a packet can
+sit in the TBF. The latter calculation takes into account the size of the
+bucket, the rate and possibly the peakrate (if set). These two parameters
+are mutually exclusive.
+.TP
+burst
+Also known as buffer or maxburst.
+Size of the bucket, in bytes. This is the maximum amount of bytes that tokens can be available for instantaneously.
+In general, larger shaping rates require a larger buffer. For 10mbit/s on Intel, you need at least 10kbyte buffer
+if you want to reach your configured rate!
+
+If your buffer is too small, packets may be dropped because more tokens arrive per timer tick than fit in your bucket.
+The minimum buffer size can be calculated by dividing the rate by HZ.
+
+Token usage calculations are performed using a table which by default has a resolution of 8 packets.
+This resolution can be changed by specifying the
+.B cell
+size with the burst. For example, to specify a 6000 byte buffer with a 16
+byte cell size, set a burst of 6000/16. You will probably never have to set
+this. Must be an integral power of 2.
+.TP
+mpu
+A zero-sized packet does not use zero bandwidth. For ethernet, no packet uses less than 64 bytes. The Minimum Packet Unit
+determines the minimal token usage (specified in bytes) for a packet. Defaults to zero.
+.TP
+rate
+The speed knob. See remarks above about limits! See
+.BR tc (8)
+for units.
+.PP
+Furthermore, if a peakrate is desired, the following parameters are available:
+
+.TP
+peakrate
+Maximum depletion rate of the bucket. Limited to 1mbit/s on Intel, 10mbit/s on Alpha. The peakrate does
+not need to be set, it is only necessary if perfect millisecond timescale shaping is required.
+
+.TP
+mtu/minburst
+Specifies the size of the peakrate bucket. For perfect accuracy, should be set to the MTU of the interface.
+If a peakrate is needed, but some burstiness is acceptable, this size can be raised. A 3000 byte minburst
+allows around 3mbit/s of peakrate, given 1000 byte packets.
+
+Like the regular burstsize you can also specify a
+.B cell
+size.
+.SH EXAMPLE & USAGE
+
+To attach a TBF with a sustained maximum rate of 0.5mbit/s, a peakrate of 1.0mbit/s,
+a 5kilobyte buffer, with a pre-bucket queue size limit calculated so the TBF causes
+at most 70ms of latency, with perfect peakrate behaviour, issue:
+.P
+# tc qdisc add dev eth0 root tbf rate 0.5mbit \\
+ burst 5kb latency 70ms peakrate 1mbit \\
+ minburst 1540
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR tc (8)
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+Alexey N. Kuznetsov, <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. This manpage maintained by
+bert hubert <ahu@ds9a.nl>
+
+
--- /dev/null
+.TH TC 8 "16 December 2001" "iproute2" "Linux"
+.SH NAME
+tc \- show / manipulate traffic control settings
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tc qdisc [ add | change | replace | link ] dev
+DEV
+.B
+[ parent
+qdisc-id
+.B | root ]
+.B [ handle
+qdisc-id ] qdisc
+[ qdisc specific parameters ]
+.P
+
+.B tc class [ add | change | replace ] dev
+DEV
+.B parent
+qdisc-id
+.B [ classid
+class-id ] qdisc
+[ qdisc specific parameters ]
+.P
+
+.B tc filter [ add | change | replace ] dev
+DEV
+.B [ parent
+qdisc-id
+.B | root ] protocol
+protocol
+.B prio
+priority filtertype
+[ filtertype specific parameters ]
+.B flowid
+flow-id
+
+.B tc [-s | -d ] qdisc show [ dev
+DEV
+.B ]
+.P
+.B tc [-s | -d ] class show dev
+DEV
+.P
+.B tc filter show dev
+DEV
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B Tc
+is used to configure Traffic Control in the Linux kernel. Traffic Control consists
+of the following:
+
+.TP
+SHAPING
+When traffic is shaped, its rate of transmission is under control. Shaping may
+be more than lowering the available bandwidth - it is also used to smooth out
+bursts in traffic for better network behaviour. Shaping occurs on egress.
+
+.TP
+SCHEDULING
+By scheduling the transmission of packets it is possible to improve interactivity
+for traffic that needs it while still guaranteeing bandwidth to bulk transfers. Reordering
+is also called prioritizing, and happens only on egress.
+
+.TP
+POLICING
+Where shaping deals with transmission of traffic, policing pertains to traffic
+arriving. Policing thus occurs on ingress.
+
+.TP
+DROPPING
+Traffic exceeding a set bandwidth may also be dropped forthwith, both on
+ingress and on egress.
+
+.P
+Processing of traffic is controlled by three kinds of objects: qdiscs,
+classes and filters.
+
+.SH QDISCS
+.B qdisc
+is short for 'queueing discipline' and it is elementary to
+understanding traffic control. Whenever the kernel needs to send a
+packet to an interface, it is
+.B enqueued
+to the qdisc configured for that interface. Immediately afterwards, the kernel
+tries to get as many packets as possible from the qdisc, for giving them
+to the network adaptor driver.
+
+A simple QDISC is the 'pfifo' one, which does no processing at all and is a pure
+First In, First Out queue. It does however store traffic when the network interface
+can't handle it momentarily.
+
+.SH CLASSES
+Some qdiscs can contain classes, which contain further qdiscs - traffic may
+then be enqueued in any of the inner qdiscs, which are within the
+.B classes.
+When the kernel tries to dequeue a packet from such a
+.B classful qdisc
+it can come from any of the classes. A qdisc may for example prioritize
+certain kinds of traffic by trying to dequeue from certain classes
+before others.
+
+.SH FILTERS
+A
+.B filter
+is used by a classful qdisc to determine in which class a packet will
+be enqueued. Whenever traffic arrives at a class with subclasses, it needs
+to be classified. Various methods may be employed to do so, one of these
+are the filters. All filters attached to the class are called, until one of
+them returns with a verdict. If no verdict was made, other criteria may be
+available. This differs per qdisc.
+
+It is important to notice that filters reside
+.B within
+qdiscs - they are not masters of what happens.
+
+.SH CLASSLESS QDISCS
+The classless qdiscs are:
+.TP
+[p|b]fifo
+Simplest usable qdisc, pure First In, First Out behaviour. Limited in
+packets or in bytes.
+.TP
+pfifo_fast
+Standard qdisc for 'Advanced Router' enabled kernels. Consists of a three-band
+queue which honors Type of Service flags, as well as the priority that may be
+assigned to a packet.
+.TP
+red
+Random Early Detection simulates physical congestion by randomly dropping
+packets when nearing configured bandwidth allocation. Well suited to very
+large bandwidth applications.
+.TP
+sfq
+Stochastic Fairness Queueing reorders queued traffic so each 'session'
+gets to send a packet in turn.
+.TP
+tbf
+The Token Bucket Filter is suited for slowing traffic down to a precisely
+configured rate. Scales well to large bandwidths.
+.SH CONFIGURING CLASSLESS QDISCS
+In the absence of classful qdiscs, classless qdiscs can only be attached at
+the root of a device. Full syntax:
+.P
+.B tc qdisc add dev
+DEV
+.B root
+QDISC QDISC-PARAMETERS
+
+To remove, issue
+.P
+.B tc qdisc del dev
+DEV
+.B root
+
+The
+.B pfifo_fast
+qdisc is the automatic default in the absence of a configured qdisc.
+
+.SH CLASSFUL QDISCS
+The classful qdiscs are:
+.TP
+CBQ
+Class Based Queueing implements a rich linksharing hierarchy of classes.
+It contains shaping elements as well as prioritizing capabilities. Shaping is
+performed using link idle time calculations based on average packet size and
+underlying link bandwidth. The latter may be ill-defined for some interfaces.
+.TP
+HTB
+The Hierarchy Token Bucket implements a rich linksharing hierarchy of
+classes with an emphasis on conforming to existing practices. HTB facilitates
+guaranteeing bandwidth to classes, while also allowing specification of upper
+limits to inter-class sharing. It contains shaping elements, based on TBF and
+can prioritize classes.
+.TP
+PRIO
+The PRIO qdisc is a non-shaping container for a configurable number of
+classes which are dequeued in order. This allows for easy prioritization
+of traffic, where lower classes are only able to send if higher ones have
+no packets available. To facilitate configuration, Type Of Service bits are
+honored by default.
+.SH THEORY OF OPERATION
+Classes form a tree, where each class has a single parent.
+A class may have multiple children. Some qdiscs allow for runtime addition
+of classes (CBQ, HTB) while others (PRIO) are created with a static number of
+children.
+
+Qdiscs which allow dynamic addition of classes can have zero or more
+subclasses to which traffic may be enqueued.
+
+Furthermore, each class contains a
+.B leaf qdisc
+which by default has
+.B pfifo
+behaviour though another qdisc can be attached in place. This qdisc may again
+contain classes, but each class can have only one leaf qdisc.
+
+When a packet enters a classful qdisc it can be
+.B classified
+to one of the classes within. Three criteria are available, although not all
+qdiscs will use all three:
+.TP
+tc filters
+If tc filters are attached to a class, they are consulted first
+for relevant instructions. Filters can match on all fields of a packet header,
+as well as on the firewall mark applied by ipchains or iptables. See
+.BR tc-filters (8).
+.TP
+Type of Service
+Some qdiscs have built in rules for classifying packets based on the TOS field.
+.TP
+skb->priority
+Userspace programs can encode a class-id in the 'skb->priority' field using
+the SO_PRIORITY option.
+.P
+Each node within the tree can have its own filters but higher level filters
+may also point directly to lower classes.
+
+If classification did not succeed, packets are enqueued to the leaf qdisc
+attached to that class. Check qdisc specific manpages for details, however.
+
+.SH NAMING
+All qdiscs, classes and filters have IDs, which can either be specified
+or be automatically assigned.
+
+IDs consist of a major number and a minor number, separated by a colon.
+
+.TP
+QDISCS
+A qdisc, which potentially can have children,
+gets assigned a major number, called a 'handle', leaving the minor
+number namespace available for classes. The handle is expressed as '10:'.
+It is customary to explicitly assign a handle to qdiscs expected to have
+children.
+
+.TP
+CLASSES
+Classes residing under a qdisc share their qdisc major number, but each have
+a separate minor number called a 'classid' that has no relation to their
+parent classes, only to their parent qdisc. The same naming custom as for
+qdiscs applies.
+
+.TP
+FILTERS
+Filters have a three part ID, which is only needed when using a hashed
+filter hierarchy, for which see
+.BR tc-filters (8).
+.SH UNITS
+All parameters accept a floating point number, possibly followed by a unit.
+.P
+Bandwidths or rates can be specified in:
+.TP
+kbps
+Kilobytes per second
+.TP
+mbps
+Megabytes per second
+.TP
+kbit
+Kilobits per second
+.TP
+mbit
+Megabits per second
+.TP
+bps or a bare number
+Bytes per second
+.P
+Amounts of data can be specified in:
+.TP
+kb or k
+Kilobytes
+.TP
+mb or m
+Megabytes
+.TP
+mbit
+Megabits
+.TP
+kbit
+Kilobits
+.TP
+b or a bare number
+Bytes.
+.P
+Lengths of time can be specified in:
+.TP
+s, sec or secs
+Whole seconds
+.TP
+ms, msec or msecs
+Milliseconds
+.TP
+us, usec, usecs or a bare number
+Microseconds.
+
+.SH TC COMMANDS
+The following commands are available for qdiscs, classes and filter:
+.TP
+add
+Add a qdisc, class or filter to a node. For all entities, a
+.B parent
+must be passed, either by passing its ID or by attaching directly to the root of a device.
+When creating a qdisc or a filter, it can be named with the
+.B handle
+parameter. A class is named with the
+.B classid
+parameter.
+
+.TP
+remove
+A qdisc can be removed by specifying its handle, which may also be 'root'. All subclasses and their leaf qdiscs
+are automatically deleted, as well as any filters attached to them.
+
+.TP
+change
+Some entities can be modified 'in place'. Shares the syntax of 'add', with the exception
+that the handle cannot be changed and neither can the parent. In other words,
+.B
+change
+cannot move a node.
+
+.TP
+replace
+Performs a nearly atomic remove/add on an existing node id. If the node does not exist yet
+it is created.
+
+.TP
+link
+Only available for qdiscs and performs a replace where the node
+must exist already.
+
+
+.SH HISTORY
+.B tc
+was written by Alexey N. Kuznetsov and added in Linux 2.2.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR tc-cbq (8),
+.BR tc-htb (8),
+.BR tc-sfq (8),
+.BR tc-red (8),
+.BR tc-tbf (8),
+.BR tc-pfifo (8),
+.BR tc-bfifo (8),
+.BR tc-pfifo_fast (8),
+.BR tc-filters (8)
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+Manpage maintained by bert hubert (ahu@ds9a.nl)
+
+++ /dev/null
-#!/bin/sh
-$TC qdisc del dev $DEV root >/dev/null 2>&1
-$TC qdisc add dev $DEV root handle 10:0 cbq bandwidth 100Mbit avpkt 1400 mpu 64
-$TC class add dev $DEV parent 10:0 classid 10:12 cbq bandwidth 100mbit rate 100mbit allot 1514 prio 3 maxburst 1 avpkt 500 bounded
-$TC qdisc list dev $DEV
-$TC qdisc del dev $DEV root
-$TC qdisc list dev $DEV
-$TC qdisc add dev $DEV root handle 10:0 cbq bandwidth 100Mbit avpkt 1400 mpu 64
-$TC class add dev $DEV parent 10:0 classid 10:12 cbq bandwidth 100mbit rate 100mbit allot 1514 prio 3 maxburst 1 avpkt 500 bounded
-$TC qdisc del dev $DEV root
git://git.onelab.eu / iproute2.git / commitdiff