1 #----------------------------------------------------------------------
2 # Copyright (c) 2008 Board of Trustees, Princeton University
4 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
5 # a copy of this software and/or hardware specification (the "Work") to
6 # deal in the Work without restriction, including without limitation the
7 # rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
8 # and/or sell copies of the Work, and to permit persons to whom the Work
9 # is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
11 # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
12 # included in all copies or substantial portions of the Work.
14 # THE WORK IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
15 # OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
16 # MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
17 # NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
18 # HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
19 # WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
20 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE WORK OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
22 #----------------------------------------------------------------------
25 # SFA uses two crypto libraries: pyOpenSSL and M2Crypto to implement
26 # the necessary crypto functionality. Ideally just one of these libraries
27 # would be used, but unfortunately each of these libraries is independently
28 # lacking. The pyOpenSSL library is missing many necessary functions, and
29 # the M2Crypto library has crashed inside of some of the functions. The
30 # design decision is to use pyOpenSSL whenever possible as it seems more
31 # stable, and only use M2Crypto for those functions that are not possible
34 # This module exports two classes: Keypair and Certificate.
45 from OpenSSL import crypto
47 from M2Crypto import X509
48 from tempfile import mkstemp
49 from sfa.util.sfalogging import logger
50 from sfa.util.namespace import urn_to_hrn
51 from sfa.util.faults import *
53 def convert_public_key(key):
54 keyconvert_path = "/usr/bin/keyconvert.py"
55 if not os.path.isfile(keyconvert_path):
56 raise IOError, "Could not find keyconvert in %s" % keyconvert_path
58 # we can only convert rsa keys
62 (ssh_f, ssh_fn) = tempfile.mkstemp()
63 ssl_fn = tempfile.mktemp()
67 cmd = keyconvert_path + " " + ssh_fn + " " + ssl_fn
70 # this check leaves the temporary file containing the public key so
71 # that it can be expected to see why it failed.
72 # TODO: for production, cleanup the temporary files
73 if not os.path.exists(ssl_fn):
78 k.load_pubkey_from_file(ssl_fn)
83 # remove the temporary files
90 # Public-private key pairs are implemented by the Keypair class.
91 # A Keypair object may represent both a public and private key pair, or it
92 # may represent only a public key (this usage is consistent with OpenSSL).
95 key = None # public/private keypair
96 m2key = None # public key (m2crypto format)
99 # Creates a Keypair object
100 # @param create If create==True, creates a new public/private key and
101 # stores it in the object
102 # @param string If string!=None, load the keypair from the string (PEM)
103 # @param filename If filename!=None, load the keypair from the file
105 def __init__(self, create=False, string=None, filename=None):
109 self.load_from_string(string)
111 self.load_from_file(filename)
114 # Create a RSA public/private key pair and store it inside the keypair object
117 self.key = crypto.PKey()
118 self.key.generate_key(crypto.TYPE_RSA, 1024)
121 # Save the private key to a file
122 # @param filename name of file to store the keypair in
124 def save_to_file(self, filename):
125 open(filename, 'w').write(self.as_pem())
128 # Load the private key from a file. Implicity the private key includes the public key.
130 def load_from_file(self, filename):
131 buffer = open(filename, 'r').read()
132 self.load_from_string(buffer)
135 # Load the private key from a string. Implicitly the private key includes the public key.
137 def load_from_string(self, string):
138 self.key = crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, string)
139 self.m2key = M2Crypto.EVP.load_key_string(string)
142 # Load the public key from a string. No private key is loaded.
144 def load_pubkey_from_file(self, filename):
145 # load the m2 public key
146 m2rsakey = M2Crypto.RSA.load_pub_key(filename)
147 self.m2key = M2Crypto.EVP.PKey()
148 self.m2key.assign_rsa(m2rsakey)
150 # create an m2 x509 cert
151 m2name = M2Crypto.X509.X509_Name()
152 m2name.add_entry_by_txt(field="CN", type=0x1001, entry="junk", len=-1, loc=-1, set=0)
153 m2x509 = M2Crypto.X509.X509()
154 m2x509.set_pubkey(self.m2key)
155 m2x509.set_serial_number(0)
156 m2x509.set_issuer_name(m2name)
157 m2x509.set_subject_name(m2name)
158 ASN1 = M2Crypto.ASN1.ASN1_UTCTIME()
160 m2x509.set_not_before(ASN1)
161 m2x509.set_not_after(ASN1)
162 junk_key = Keypair(create=True)
163 m2x509.sign(pkey=junk_key.get_m2_pkey(), md="sha1")
165 # convert the m2 x509 cert to a pyopenssl x509
166 m2pem = m2x509.as_pem()
167 pyx509 = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, m2pem)
169 # get the pyopenssl pkey from the pyopenssl x509
170 self.key = pyx509.get_pubkey()
173 # Load the public key from a string. No private key is loaded.
175 def load_pubkey_from_string(self, string):
176 (f, fn) = tempfile.mkstemp()
179 self.load_pubkey_from_file(fn)
183 # Return the private key in PEM format.
186 return crypto.dump_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, self.key)
189 # Return an M2Crypto key object
191 def get_m2_pkey(self):
193 self.m2key = M2Crypto.EVP.load_key_string(self.as_pem())
197 # Returns a string containing the public key represented by this object.
199 def get_pubkey_string(self):
200 m2pkey = self.get_m2_pkey()
201 return base64.b64encode(m2pkey.as_der())
204 # Return an OpenSSL pkey object
206 def get_openssl_pkey(self):
211 # Given another Keypair object, return TRUE if the two keys are the same.
213 def is_same(self, pkey):
214 return self.as_pem() == pkey.as_pem()
216 def sign_string(self, data):
217 k = self.get_m2_pkey()
220 return base64.b64encode(k.sign_final())
222 def verify_string(self, data, sig):
223 k = self.get_m2_pkey()
225 k.verify_update(data)
226 return M2Crypto.m2.verify_final(k.ctx, base64.b64decode(sig), k.pkey)
228 def compute_hash(self, value):
229 return self.sign_string(str(value))
232 # The certificate class implements a general purpose X509 certificate, making
233 # use of the appropriate pyOpenSSL or M2Crypto abstractions. It also adds
234 # several addition features, such as the ability to maintain a chain of
235 # parent certificates, and storage of application-specific data.
237 # Certificates include the ability to maintain a chain of parents. Each
238 # certificate includes a pointer to it's parent certificate. When loaded
239 # from a file or a string, the parent chain will be automatically loaded.
240 # When saving a certificate to a file or a string, the caller can choose
241 # whether to save the parent certificates as well.
251 separator="-----parent-----"
254 # Create a certificate object.
256 # @param create If create==True, then also create a blank X509 certificate.
257 # @param subject If subject!=None, then create a blank certificate and set
259 # @param string If string!=None, load the certficate from the string.
260 # @param filename If filename!=None, load the certficiate from the file.
262 def __init__(self, create=False, subject=None, string=None, filename=None, intermediate=None):
264 if create or subject:
267 self.set_subject(subject)
269 self.load_from_string(string)
271 self.load_from_file(filename)
274 self.set_intermediate_ca(intermediate)
277 # Create a blank X509 certificate and store it in this object.
280 self.cert = crypto.X509()
281 self.cert.set_serial_number(3)
282 self.cert.gmtime_adj_notBefore(0)
283 self.cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter(60*60*24*365*5) # five years
286 # Given a pyOpenSSL X509 object, store that object inside of this
287 # certificate object.
289 def load_from_pyopenssl_x509(self, x509):
293 # Load the certificate from a string
295 def load_from_string(self, string):
296 # if it is a chain of multiple certs, then split off the first one and
297 # load it (support for the ---parent--- tag as well as normal chained certs)
299 string = string.strip()
302 if not string.startswith('-----'):
303 string = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n%s\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----' % string
307 if string.count('-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----') > 1 and \
308 string.count(Certificate.separator) == 0:
309 parts = string.split('-----END CERTIFICATE-----',1)
310 parts[0] += '-----END CERTIFICATE-----'
312 parts = string.split(Certificate.separator, 1)
314 self.cert = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, parts[0])
316 # if there are more certs, then create a parent and let the parent load
317 # itself from the remainder of the string
318 if len(parts) > 1 and parts[1] != '':
319 self.parent = self.__class__()
320 self.parent.load_from_string(parts[1])
323 # Load the certificate from a file
325 def load_from_file(self, filename):
326 file = open(filename)
328 self.load_from_string(string)
331 # Save the certificate to a string.
333 # @param save_parents If save_parents==True, then also save the parent certificates.
335 def save_to_string(self, save_parents=True):
336 string = crypto.dump_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, self.cert)
337 if save_parents and self.parent:
338 string = string + self.parent.save_to_string(save_parents)
342 # Save the certificate to a file.
343 # @param save_parents If save_parents==True, then also save the parent certificates.
345 def save_to_file(self, filename, save_parents=True, filep=None):
346 string = self.save_to_string(save_parents=save_parents)
350 f = open(filename, 'w')
355 # Save the certificate to a random file in /tmp/
356 # @param save_parents If save_parents==True, then also save the parent certificates.
357 def save_to_random_tmp_file(self, save_parents=True):
358 fp, filename = mkstemp(suffix='cert', text=True)
359 fp = os.fdopen(fp, "w")
360 self.save_to_file(filename, save_parents=True, filep=fp)
364 # Sets the issuer private key and name
365 # @param key Keypair object containing the private key of the issuer
366 # @param subject String containing the name of the issuer
367 # @param cert (optional) Certificate object containing the name of the issuer
369 def set_issuer(self, key, subject=None, cert=None):
372 # it's a mistake to use subject and cert params at the same time
374 if isinstance(subject, dict) or isinstance(subject, str):
375 req = crypto.X509Req()
376 reqSubject = req.get_subject()
377 if (isinstance(subject, dict)):
378 for key in reqSubject.keys():
379 setattr(reqSubject, key, subject[key])
381 setattr(reqSubject, "CN", subject)
383 # subject is not valid once req is out of scope, so save req
386 # if a cert was supplied, then get the subject from the cert
387 subject = cert.cert.get_subject()
389 self.issuerSubject = subject
392 # Get the issuer name
394 def get_issuer(self, which="CN"):
395 x = self.cert.get_issuer()
396 return getattr(x, which)
399 # Set the subject name of the certificate
401 def set_subject(self, name):
402 req = crypto.X509Req()
403 subj = req.get_subject()
404 if (isinstance(name, dict)):
405 for key in name.keys():
406 setattr(subj, key, name[key])
408 setattr(subj, "CN", name)
409 self.cert.set_subject(subj)
411 # Get the subject name of the certificate
413 def get_subject(self, which="CN"):
414 x = self.cert.get_subject()
415 return getattr(x, which)
418 # Get the public key of the certificate.
420 # @param key Keypair object containing the public key
422 def set_pubkey(self, key):
423 assert(isinstance(key, Keypair))
424 self.cert.set_pubkey(key.get_openssl_pkey())
427 # Get the public key of the certificate.
428 # It is returned in the form of a Keypair object.
430 def get_pubkey(self):
431 m2x509 = X509.load_cert_string(self.save_to_string())
433 pkey.key = self.cert.get_pubkey()
434 pkey.m2key = m2x509.get_pubkey()
437 def set_intermediate_ca(self, val):
438 self.intermediate = val
440 self.add_extension('basicConstraints', 1, 'CA:TRUE')
445 # Add an X509 extension to the certificate. Add_extension can only be called
446 # once for a particular extension name, due to limitations in the underlying
449 # @param name string containing name of extension
450 # @param value string containing value of the extension
452 def add_extension(self, name, critical, value):
453 ext = crypto.X509Extension (name, critical, value)
454 self.cert.add_extensions([ext])
457 # Get an X509 extension from the certificate
459 def get_extension(self, name):
460 # pyOpenSSL does not have a way to get extensions
461 m2x509 = X509.load_cert_string(self.save_to_string())
462 value = m2x509.get_ext(name).get_value()
466 # Set_data is a wrapper around add_extension. It stores the parameter str in
467 # the X509 subject_alt_name extension. Set_data can only be called once, due
468 # to limitations in the underlying library.
470 def set_data(self, str, field='subjectAltName'):
471 # pyOpenSSL only allows us to add extensions, so if we try to set the
472 # same extension more than once, it will not work
473 if self.data.has_key(field):
474 raise "Cannot set ", field, " more than once"
475 self.data[field] = str
476 self.add_extension(field, 0, str)
479 # Return the data string that was previously set with set_data
481 def get_data(self, field='subjectAltName'):
482 if self.data.has_key(field):
483 return self.data[field]
486 uri = self.get_extension(field)
487 self.data[field] = uri
491 return self.data[field]
494 # Sign the certificate using the issuer private key and issuer subject previous set with set_issuer().
497 assert self.cert != None
498 assert self.issuerSubject != None
499 assert self.issuerKey != None
500 self.cert.set_issuer(self.issuerSubject)
501 self.cert.sign(self.issuerKey.get_openssl_pkey(), self.digest)
504 # Verify the authenticity of a certificate.
505 # @param pkey is a Keypair object representing a public key. If Pkey
506 # did not sign the certificate, then an exception will be thrown.
508 def verify(self, pkey):
509 # pyOpenSSL does not have a way to verify signatures
510 m2x509 = X509.load_cert_string(self.save_to_string())
511 m2pkey = pkey.get_m2_pkey()
513 return m2x509.verify(m2pkey)
515 # XXX alternatively, if openssl has been patched, do the much simpler:
517 # self.cert.verify(pkey.get_openssl_key())
523 # Return True if pkey is identical to the public key that is contained in the certificate.
524 # @param pkey Keypair object
526 def is_pubkey(self, pkey):
527 return self.get_pubkey().is_same(pkey)
530 # Given a certificate cert, verify that this certificate was signed by the
531 # public key contained in cert. Throw an exception otherwise.
533 # @param cert certificate object
535 def is_signed_by_cert(self, cert):
536 k = cert.get_pubkey()
537 result = self.verify(k)
541 # Set the parent certficiate.
543 # @param p certificate object.
545 def set_parent(self, p):
549 # Return the certificate object of the parent of this certificate.
551 def get_parent(self):
555 # Verification examines a chain of certificates to ensure that each parent
556 # signs the child, and that some certificate in the chain is signed by a
557 # trusted certificate.
559 # Verification is a basic recursion: <pre>
560 # if this_certificate was signed by trusted_certs:
563 # return verify_chain(parent, trusted_certs)
566 # At each recursion, the parent is tested to ensure that it did sign the
567 # child. If a parent did not sign a child, then an exception is thrown. If
568 # the bottom of the recursion is reached and the certificate does not match
569 # a trusted root, then an exception is thrown.
571 # @param Trusted_certs is a list of certificates that are trusted.
574 def verify_chain(self, trusted_certs = None):
575 # Verify a chain of certificates. Each certificate must be signed by
576 # the public key contained in it's parent. The chain is recursed
577 # until a certificate is found that is signed by a trusted root.
579 # verify expiration time
580 if self.cert.has_expired():
581 raise CertExpired(self.get_subject(), "client cert")
583 # if this cert is signed by a trusted_cert, then we are set
584 for trusted_cert in trusted_certs:
585 if self.is_signed_by_cert(trusted_cert):
586 logger.debug("Cert %s signed by trusted cert %s", self.get_subject(), trusted_cert.get_subject())
587 # verify expiration of trusted_cert ?
588 if not trusted_cert.cert.has_expired():
591 logger.debug("Trusted cert %s is expired", trusted_cert.get_subject())
593 # if there is no parent, then no way to verify the chain
595 #print self.get_subject(), "has no parent"
596 raise CertMissingParent(self.get_subject())
598 # if it wasn't signed by the parent...
599 if not self.is_signed_by_cert(self.parent):
600 #print self.get_subject(), "is not signed by parent"
601 return CertNotSignedByParent(self.get_subject())
603 # if the parent isn't verified...
604 self.parent.verify_chain(trusted_certs)