2 * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, 2010 Nicira Networks.
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
8 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
28 VLOG_DEFINE_THIS_MODULE(util);
30 COVERAGE_DEFINE(util_xalloc);
32 const char *program_name;
37 ovs_fatal(0, "virtual memory exhausted");
41 xcalloc(size_t count, size_t size)
43 void *p = count && size ? calloc(count, size) : malloc(1);
44 COVERAGE_INC(util_xalloc);
54 return xcalloc(1, size);
60 void *p = malloc(size ? size : 1);
61 COVERAGE_INC(util_xalloc);
69 xrealloc(void *p, size_t size)
71 p = realloc(p, size ? size : 1);
72 COVERAGE_INC(util_xalloc);
80 xmemdup(const void *p_, size_t size)
82 void *p = xmalloc(size);
88 xmemdup0(const char *p_, size_t length)
90 char *p = xmalloc(length + 1);
91 memcpy(p, p_, length);
97 xstrdup(const char *s)
99 return xmemdup0(s, strlen(s));
103 xvasprintf(const char *format, va_list args)
109 va_copy(args2, args);
110 needed = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, format, args);
112 s = xmalloc(needed + 1);
114 vsnprintf(s, needed + 1, format, args2);
121 x2nrealloc(void *p, size_t *n, size_t s)
123 *n = *n == 0 ? 1 : 2 * *n;
124 return xrealloc(p, *n * s);
128 xasprintf(const char *format, ...)
133 va_start(args, format);
134 s = xvasprintf(format, args);
140 /* Similar to strlcpy() from OpenBSD, but it never reads more than 'size - 1'
141 * bytes from 'src' and doesn't return anything. */
143 ovs_strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size)
146 size_t len = strnlen(src, size - 1);
147 memcpy(dst, src, len);
153 ovs_fatal(int err_no, const char *format, ...)
157 fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", program_name);
158 va_start(args, format);
159 vfprintf(stderr, format, args);
162 fprintf(stderr, " (%s)", ovs_retval_to_string(err_no));
169 ovs_error(int err_no, const char *format, ...)
171 int save_errno = errno;
174 fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", program_name);
175 va_start(args, format);
176 vfprintf(stderr, format, args);
179 fprintf(stderr, " (%s)", ovs_retval_to_string(err_no));
186 /* Many OVS functions return an int which is one of:
189 * - EOF: end of file (not necessarily an error; depends on the function called)
191 * Returns the appropriate human-readable string. The caller must copy the
192 * string if it wants to hold onto it, as the storage may be overwritten on
193 * subsequent function calls.
196 ovs_retval_to_string(int retval)
198 static char unknown[48];
204 return strerror(retval);
207 return "End of file";
209 snprintf(unknown, sizeof unknown, "***unknown return value: %d***", retval);
213 /* Sets program_name based on 'argv0'. Should be called at the beginning of
214 * main(), as "set_program_name(argv[0]);". */
215 void set_program_name(const char *argv0)
217 const char *slash = strrchr(argv0, '/');
218 program_name = slash ? slash + 1 : argv0;
221 /* Print the version information for the program. */
223 ovs_print_version(char *date, char *time,
224 uint8_t min_ofp, uint8_t max_ofp)
226 printf("%s (Open vSwitch) "VERSION BUILDNR"\n", program_name);
227 printf("Compiled %s %s\n", date, time);
228 if (min_ofp || max_ofp) {
229 printf("OpenFlow versions %#x:%#x\n", min_ofp, max_ofp);
233 /* Writes the 'size' bytes in 'buf' to 'stream' as hex bytes arranged 16 per
234 * line. Numeric offsets are also included, starting at 'ofs' for the first
235 * byte in 'buf'. If 'ascii' is true then the corresponding ASCII characters
236 * are also rendered alongside. */
238 ovs_hex_dump(FILE *stream, const void *buf_, size_t size,
239 uintptr_t ofs, bool ascii)
241 const uint8_t *buf = buf_;
242 const size_t per_line = 16; /* Maximum bytes per line. */
246 size_t start, end, n;
249 /* Number of bytes on this line. */
250 start = ofs % per_line;
252 if (end - start > size)
257 fprintf(stream, "%08jx ", (uintmax_t) ROUND_DOWN(ofs, per_line));
258 for (i = 0; i < start; i++)
259 fprintf(stream, " ");
261 fprintf(stream, "%02hhx%c",
262 buf[i - start], i == per_line / 2 - 1? '-' : ' ');
265 for (; i < per_line; i++)
266 fprintf(stream, " ");
267 fprintf(stream, "|");
268 for (i = 0; i < start; i++)
269 fprintf(stream, " ");
270 for (; i < end; i++) {
271 int c = buf[i - start];
272 putc(c >= 32 && c < 127 ? c : '.', stream);
274 for (; i < per_line; i++)
275 fprintf(stream, " ");
276 fprintf(stream, "|");
278 fprintf(stream, "\n");
287 str_to_int(const char *s, int base, int *i)
290 bool ok = str_to_llong(s, base, &ll);
296 str_to_long(const char *s, int base, long *li)
299 bool ok = str_to_llong(s, base, &ll);
305 str_to_llong(const char *s, int base, long long *x)
307 int save_errno = errno;
310 *x = strtoll(s, &tail, base);
311 if (errno == EINVAL || errno == ERANGE || tail == s || *tail != '\0') {
322 str_to_uint(const char *s, int base, unsigned int *u)
324 return str_to_int(s, base, (int *) u);
328 str_to_ulong(const char *s, int base, unsigned long *ul)
330 return str_to_long(s, base, (long *) ul);
334 str_to_ullong(const char *s, int base, unsigned long long *ull)
336 return str_to_llong(s, base, (long long *) ull);
339 /* Converts floating-point string 's' into a double. If successful, stores
340 * the double in '*d' and returns true; on failure, stores 0 in '*d' and
343 * Underflow (e.g. "1e-9999") is not considered an error, but overflow
344 * (e.g. "1e9999)" is. */
346 str_to_double(const char *s, double *d)
348 int save_errno = errno;
351 *d = strtod(s, &tail);
352 if (errno == EINVAL || (errno == ERANGE && *d != 0)
353 || tail == s || *tail != '\0') {
363 /* Returns the value of 'c' as a hexadecimal digit. */
368 case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
369 case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
395 /* Returns the integer value of the 'n' hexadecimal digits starting at 's', or
396 * UINT_MAX if one of those "digits" is not really a hex digit. If 'ok' is
397 * nonnull, '*ok' is set to true if the conversion succeeds or to false if a
398 * non-hex digit is detected. */
400 hexits_value(const char *s, size_t n, bool *ok)
406 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
407 int hexit = hexit_value(s[i]);
414 value = (value << 4) + hexit;
422 /* Returns the current working directory as a malloc()'d string, or a null
423 * pointer if the current working directory cannot be determined. */
430 /* Get maximum path length or at least a reasonable estimate. */
431 path_max = pathconf(".", _PC_PATH_MAX);
432 size = (path_max < 0 ? 1024
433 : path_max > 10240 ? 10240
436 /* Get current working directory. */
438 char *buf = xmalloc(size);
439 if (getcwd(buf, size)) {
440 return xrealloc(buf, strlen(buf) + 1);
444 if (error != ERANGE) {
445 VLOG_WARN("getcwd failed (%s)", strerror(error));
454 all_slashes_name(const char *s)
456 return xstrdup(s[0] == '/' && s[1] == '/' && s[2] != '/' ? "//"
461 /* Returns the directory name portion of 'file_name' as a malloc()'d string,
462 * similar to the POSIX dirname() function but thread-safe. */
464 dir_name(const char *file_name)
466 size_t len = strlen(file_name);
467 while (len > 0 && file_name[len - 1] == '/') {
470 while (len > 0 && file_name[len - 1] != '/') {
473 while (len > 0 && file_name[len - 1] == '/') {
476 return len ? xmemdup0(file_name, len) : all_slashes_name(file_name);
479 /* Returns the file name portion of 'file_name' as a malloc()'d string,
480 * similar to the POSIX basename() function but thread-safe. */
482 base_name(const char *file_name)
486 end = strlen(file_name);
487 while (end > 0 && file_name[end - 1] == '/') {
492 return all_slashes_name(file_name);
496 while (start > 0 && file_name[start - 1] != '/') {
500 return xmemdup0(file_name + start, end - start);
503 /* If 'file_name' starts with '/', returns a copy of 'file_name'. Otherwise,
504 * returns an absolute path to 'file_name' considering it relative to 'dir',
505 * which itself must be absolute. 'dir' may be null or the empty string, in
506 * which case the current working directory is used.
508 * Returns a null pointer if 'dir' is null and getcwd() fails. */
510 abs_file_name(const char *dir, const char *file_name)
512 if (file_name[0] == '/') {
513 return xstrdup(file_name);
514 } else if (dir && dir[0]) {
515 char *separator = dir[strlen(dir) - 1] == '/' ? "" : "/";
516 return xasprintf("%s%s%s", dir, separator, file_name);
518 char *cwd = get_cwd();
520 char *abs_name = xasprintf("%s/%s", cwd, file_name);
530 /* Pass a value to this function if it is marked with
531 * __attribute__((warn_unused_result)) and you genuinely want to ignore
532 * its return value. (Note that every scalar type can be implicitly
533 * converted to bool.) */
534 void ignore(bool x OVS_UNUSED) { }